scholarly journals Simulated effects of gypsum amendment on phosphorus losses from agricultural soils

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina Jaakkola ◽  
Sirkka Tattari ◽  
Petri Ekholm ◽  
Liisa Pietola ◽  
Maximilian Posch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Macropore Flow ◽  
Modified Model ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Phosphorus Losses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total P

Our objective was to incorporate the effects of gypsum on phosphorus (P) losses into the field-scale ICECREAM model and to simulate the treatment of 93 ha of clayey soil with gypsum in a catchment located in southern Finland. In addition to the gypsum effects, a macropore flow description was added to ICECREAM. First, a sensitivity analysis was performed for the new macropore parameters, retrieved from a literature survey. After this, the model was calibrated for a reference period by setting of the macropore parameters to correspond to the P losses observed in the catchment experiment. Next, the effect of gypsum was added to the model in line with laboratory and field experiments that suggested decreased P losses and changed hydraulic properties of the soil. Finally, the modified model was verified for four seasons after the gypsum amendment in the catchment experiment. The model was able to simulate the P losses in three out of the four seasons. According to the simulations, gypsum reduced total P losses by 44%. Although the effect of gypsum on P and erosion is a complex process, our relatively simple modifications to the ICECREAM model described the impact with reasonable accuracy. However, to increase confidence in the performance of the model, it should be tested under other environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Impact of water quality, cultivation, and cropping systems on infiltration and physical properties of an arid clay soil

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Gharaibeh ◽  
N.I. Eltaif
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact

Irrigation with treated wastewater is essential for increasing crop production in arid and semi arid regions. Field experiments were conducted on rainfed clayey soil to investigate the impact of water quality, cultivation, and different cropping systems on cumulative infiltration (F<sub>(t)</sub>), field saturated hydraulic conductivity (HC<sub>fs</sub>), penetration resistance (PR), and water stable aggregates (WSA). Treatments were: (1) barley fields tilled for the past 20&nbsp;years (C<sub>B</sub>-T), (2) olive tree fields tilled for the past 20 years (C<sub>O</sub>-T), (3) non-cultivated field for 20&nbsp;years, tilled for the last 2 years (NC-T<sub>2yr</sub>), and (4) non-cultivated non-tilled field (NC-NT) for the past 20 years (control). Results indicated that F<sub>(t)</sub>, HC<sub>fs</sub>, PR, and WSA in NC-NT were significantly higher than in all other treatments. Compared to fresh water (FW), treated wastewater (TWW) significantly reduced F<sub>(t)</sub> and HC<sub>fs</sub> in all treatments. This study showed that irrigation with TWW and protection of soil from any physical manipulation improved soil hydraulic and physical properties to acceptable levels. Therefore, application of such practices could be recommended in arid clayey soils.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Mineral Fertilizers on Quality of Turmeric and Soil Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9437
Author(s):  
Dilfuza Jabborova ◽  
Khurshid Sulaymanov ◽  
R. Z. Sayyed ◽  
Saad H. Alotaibi ◽  
Yuriy Enakiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Enzymes ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
P Content ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total P

An experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of different mineral fertilizers on mineral contents in turmeric rhizomes and soil enzyme activities and soil properties under field conditions in Uzbekistan. The present study is the first report on the impact of mineral fertilizers in turmeric rhizomes and soil enzymes and soil properties in Uzbekistan. The experiment was carried out with four treatments: T1—Control, T2—N75P50K50 kg/ha, T3–N125P100K100 kg/ha, and T4—N100P75K75 + B3Zn6Fe6 kg/ha. Turmeric rhizomes and soil samples were collected from field experiments at the Surkhandarya scientific experimental station of the vegetable, melon crops and potato research institute, Surkhandarya, Uzbekistan. The data showed that T3—the NPK (125:100:100 kg/ha) and T4—the NPK + BZnFe (100:75:75:3:6:6 kg/ha) treatments significantly enhanced K content by 27–21%, Ca content by 43–38%, and P content by 54–17% in turmeric rhizomes as compared to control without fertilizer. A maximum of turmeric rhizome microelements content was recorded with T4, which also resulted in improved Fe, Zn, Cu, Cr, and Mo contents in turmeric rhizomes and mineral contents of soil compared to other treatments. This treatment significantly enhanced active P content by 34%, active K content by 25%, total P content by 62%, total K content by 14%, and the activities of soil urease, invertase, catalase, and phosphatase over those in the control. The present study results suggest that the application of NPK + BZnFe (100:75:75:3:6:6 kg/ha) improves macro and micronutrient contents in turmeric rhizomes and activities of soil enzymes and physicochemical properties of soil.

scholarly journals The impact of macropores on heavy metal retention in sustainable drainage systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 517-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Quinn ◽  
Alejandro Dussaillant
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Preferential Flow ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Rain Garden ◽  
Rain Gardens ◽  
Macropore Flow ◽  
Metal Retention ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Numerous laboratory and field experiments have found that rain gardens exhibit excellent heavy metal retention (&gt;88%). However, none examined the impact of macropore flow on this retention; this was established to be a key factor in heavy metal capture by previous landfill leachate experiments. Therefore, the aim of the experiments detailed in this paper was to investigate the effect of a single artificial macropore on heavy metal retention in a layered soil column (with a similar configuration to a rain garden). The findings of these experiments suggest that macropore flow does not impact the hydraulic performance or heavy metal retention of the columns with 99% of copper, lead and zinc captured. This indicates that macropores are not detrimental to heavy metal retention in rain garden systems with highly conductive soils; this was attributed to the high hydraulic conductivity of the media used and the depth of the system. However, in shallower systems, such as green roofs, the retention of heavy metals and other pollutants may be impacted by the existence of preferential flow, and more research into this area is needed.

B-cell and T-cell values in peripheral blood in Polish mixed-breed rabbits with addition of blood of meet breeds

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Tokarz-Deptuła ◽  
P. Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej ◽  
B. Hukowska-Szematowicz ◽  
M. Adamiak ◽  
A. Trzeciak-Ryczek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
B Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Mixed Breed ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In Poland, rabbit is a highly valued animal, due to dietetic and flavour values of its meat, but above all, rabbits tend to be commonly used laboratory animals. The aim of the study was developing standards for counts of B-cells with CD19+ receptor, T-cells with CD5+ receptor, and their subpopulations, namely T-cells with CD4+, CD8+ and CD25+ receptor in the peripheral blood of mixed-breed Polish rabbits with addition of blood of meet breeds, including the assessment of the impact of four seasons of the year and animal sex on the values of the immunological parameters determined. The results showed that the counts of B- and T-cells and their subpopulations in peripheral blood remain within the following ranges: for CD19+ B-cells: 1.05 - 3.05%, for CD5+ T-cells: 34.00 - 43.07%, CD4+ T-cells: 23.52 - 33.23%, CD8+ T-cells: 12.55 - 17.30%, whereas for CD25+ T-cells: 0.72 - 2.81%. As it comes to the season of the year, it was observed that it principally affects the values of CD25+ T-cells, while in the case of rabbit sex, more changes were found in females.

INFLUENCE OF THE DIFFERENT SOIL PREPARATION METHODS ON THE PEA YIELD

2018 ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
А. М. Grebennikov ◽  
А. S. Frid ◽  
V. P. Belobrov ◽  
V. А. Isaev ◽  
V. М. Garmashоv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
First Year ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Soil Preparation ◽  
Multifactor Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Central Chernozem

The article assesses the relationships between the morphological properties of agrochernozems and yield of peas on the plots, experience with different methods of basic treatment (moldboard plowing at the depth of 20 - 22, 25 - 27 and 14 - 16 cm, moldboard plowing to a depth of 14 - 16 cm, combined midwater moldboard, mid-water subsurface, surface to a depth of 6 - 8 cm and zero tillage) is inherent in V.V. Dokuchaev Research Institute of Agriculture of the Central Black Earth strip, in the fall of 2014. The research was conducted in 2015 - 2016, with the application of mineral fertilizers (N60Р60К60) and unfertilized background. The highest pea yields in the fertilized as the background, and without the use of fertilizers was observed in dumping plowing and especially in the variant with deep moldboard plowing, which creates in comparison with other ways of handling the best conditions for the growth and development of peas. The lowest yield of pea was obtained with zero processing. Apparently legalistic migrational-mizelial agrochernozems the Central Chernozem zone of minimum tillage in the cultivation of peas are not effective, what is evident already in the first year after the laying of experience with different basic treatments. As shown by the results of applying multifactor analysis of variance studied the mapping properties of the soil can have the same significant impact on the yield of agricultural crops, as options for the field experiments aimed at assessing the impact of various treatments on yield.

AMOUNT AND STRUCTURE OF THE BIOLOGICAL FERTILITY OF SOYA, DEPENDING ON THE SYSTEM OF MAIN TILLAGE OF SOIL AND MEASURES TO OPTIMIZE NUTRITION MODE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Novokhatskyi ◽  
◽  
V. Targonya ◽  
T. Babinets ◽  
O. Gorodetskyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Biological Productivity ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
The Impact

Aim. Assessment of the impact of the most common systems of basic tillage and biological methods of optimization of nutrition regimes on the realization of the potential of grain productivity of soybean in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The research used general scientific (hypothesis, experiment, observation) and special (field experiment, morphological analysis) methods Results. The analysis of the results of field experiments shows that the conservation system of soil cultivation, which provided the formation of 27.6 c/ha of grain, is preferable by the level of biological yield of soybean. The use of other systems caused a decrease in the biological yield level: up to 26.4 c/ha for the use of the traditional system, up to 25.3 c/ha for the use of mulching and up to 23.0 c/ha for the use of the mini-till. With the use of Groundfix, the average biological yield of soybean grain increases to 25.6 c / ha for application rates of 5 l/ha, and to 28.2 c/ha for application rates of 10 l/ha when control variants (without the use of the specified preparation) an average of 22.6 c/ha of grain was formed with fluctuations in soil tillage systems from 21.0 (mini-bodies) to 25.8 c/ha (traditional).The application of Groundfix (10 l/ha) reduced the seed abortion rate from 11.0% (average without biofertilizer variants) to 8.0%, forming the optimal number of stem nodes with beans, increasing the attachment height of the lower beans and improving other indicators of biological productivity soybeans. Conclusions. It has been found that the use of the canning tillage system generates an average of 27.6 cent soybean grains, which is the highest indicator among the main tillage systems within the scheme of our research. The use of Groundfix caused a change in this indicator: if the variants with a conservative system of basic tillage without the use of biological preparation (control) were formed on average 24.1 c/ha, the use of Ground Licks caused the increase of biological productivity up to 29.4 c/ha, and at a dose of 10 l/ha biological yield was 32.2 c/ha. It was found that both the use of Groundfix and the basic tillage system influenced the elements of the yield structure: the density of the plants at the time of harvest depended more on the tillage system than on the use of Groundfix; the use of Groundfix and increasing its dose within the scheme of our studies positively reflected on the density of standing plants; the height of attachment of the lower beans and reduced the abortion of the seeds.

The Impact of Biochar on the Soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 2197-2208
Author(s):  
Carmen Otilia Rusanescu ◽  
Erol Murad ◽  
Cosmin Jinescu ◽  
Marin Rusanescu
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Agricultural Ecosystems ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Co2 Balance ◽  
Environmentally Sound ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Organic Resources

In the present paper are presented the experimental results of biomass gasification, the biochair was produced from vineyards by controlled pyrolysis at 750 �C, in order to increase the fertility of soils, it was found the increase of the fertility produced by the development of the vegetables in the soil to which was added biochar. Soil was added to soil 4 g/dm3 biochar, 8 g/dm3 biochar, the soil had no high humidity, was taken at a time when it had not rained for at least one week, the soil pH was 8, in the soil with 8 g/dm3 biochar the plants increased compared to the soil with 4 g/dm3 and the soil without biochar. The biochar resulting from pyrolysis and gasification processes is a valuable amendment to agricultural soils and an efficient and economical way to seize carbon. Using biochar it is possible to increase the diversity of agricultural land in an environmentally sound way in areas with depleted soils, limited organic resources and insufficient water for development. Helps to soil carbon sequestration with negative CO2 balance, increases the productive potential of agricultural ecosystems.

Influence of temperature and humidity on the angle of repose of wood bulk materials

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
И.В. Бачериков ◽  
Б.М. Локштанов
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Wood Dust ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Bulk Materials ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
The Impact

При проектировании открытых и закрытых хранилищ измельченных сыпучих материалов древесных материалов, таких как щепа и опилки, большое значение имеет угол естественного откоса (статический и динамический) этих материалов. В технической литературе приводятся противоречивые сведения о величине этих углов, что приводит к ошибкам при проектировании складов. В справочных данных не учитываются условия, в которых эксплуатируются емкости для хранения сыпучих материалов, свойства и состояние этих сыпучих материалов. В свою очередь, ошибки при проектировании приводят к проблемам (зависание, сводообразование, «затопление» и т. д.) и авариям при эксплуатации бункеров и силосов на производстве. В статье представлены сведения, посвященные влиянию влажности и температуры на угол естественного откоса сыпучих материалов. На основании лабораторных и натурных экспериментов, проведенных с помощью специально разработанных методик и установок, была скорректирована формула для определения углов естественного откоса (статического и динамического) для измельченных древесных материалов в зависимости от их фракционного и породного состава, влажности (абсолютной и относительной) и температуры. При помощи скорректированной формулы можно определить угол естественного откоса древесных сыпучих материалов со среднегеометрическим размером частицы от 0,5 мм до 15 мм (от древесной пыли до технологической щепы) в различных производственных условиях. Статья может быть полезна проектировщикам при расчете угла наклона граней выпускающей воронки бункеров и силосов предприятий лесной отрасли и целлюлозо-бумажной промышленности. In the design of open and closed storage warehouses chopped wood materials for bulk materials such as wood chips and sawdust, great importance has an angle of repose (static and dynamic) of these materials. In the technical literature are conflicting reports about the magnitude of these angles, which leads to errors in the design of warehouses. In the referencesdoes not take into account the conditions under which operated capacities for storage of bulk materials, and properties and condition of the bulk material. The design errors lead to problems (hanging, arching, «flooding», etc.) and accidents in the operation of hoppers and silos at the mills. The article provides information on the impact of humidity and temperature on the angle of repose of granular materials. On the basis of laboratory and field experiments, conducted with the help of specially developed techniques and facilities has been adjusted formula for determining the angle of repose (static and dynamic) for the shredded wood materials depending on their fractional and species composition, humidity (absolute and relative) and temperature. It is possible, by using the corrected formula, to determine the angle of repose of loose wood materials with average particle size of from 0.5 mm to 15 mm (wood dust to pulpchips) in various operating conditions. The article can be helpful to designers in the calculation of the angle of inclination of the funnel faces produces bunkers and silos forest industries and pulp and paper industry.

scholarly journals Alternative Control of Phragmidium rubi-idaei Infecting Two Rubus Species

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1452
Author(s):  
Raluca-Maria Pârlici ◽  
Aurel Maxim ◽  
Stefania Mirela Mang ◽  
Ippolito Camele ◽  
Lucia Mihalescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Conidia Germination ◽  
The Impact

Organic berry plantations have been gaining popularity among farmers during recent years. Even so, farmers experience serious challenges in disease control management, which is a concern in organic farming. Phragmidiumrubi-idaei (DC) P. Karst is the pathogen responsible for blackberry and raspberry rust disease, one of the most present and active diseases in plantations. The antifungal certified products found on the organic farming market offer the opportunity for an efficient control strategy over plant pathogens in fruit shrub plantations. In this study, 5 natural based products—namely Altosan, Mimox, Canelys, Zitron, and Zeolite—were tested for their fungistatic effect over P. rubi-idaei. The experiments were carried out under laboratory conditions, performing observations over the impact of organic products, used at different concentration levels, on rust conidia germination. Moreover, field experiments were conducted in order to evaluate the efficiency of different treatments for rust control on raspberry (‘Polka’, ‘Veten’ and ‘Heritage’) and blackberry (‘Thorn Free’, ‘Chester’ and ‘Loch Ness’) varieties. Data analysis based on ANOVA tests showed significant differences between the tested variants and the control sample at p < 0.001. Furthermore, LSD test confirmed differences between all substances tested (p < 0.005). The natural products Canelys (formulated with cinnamon) and Zytron (based on citrus extract) have proven the highest inhibitory capacity for conidia germination during in vitro tests registering values of 80.42% and 78.34%, respectively. The same high inhibitory rates against rust pathogen were kept also in the field tests using the same two natural-based products mentioned earlier. In addition, outcomes from this study demonstrated that Zeolite is not recommended for raspberry or blackberry rust control.

scholarly journals Genetic variation of seed phosphorus concentration in winter oilseed rape and development of a NIRS calibration

Euphytica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 217 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Eifler ◽  
Jürgen Enno Wick ◽  
Bernd Steingrobe ◽  
Christian Möllers
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Organic P ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Total P

AbstractPhytic acid is the major organic phosphorus storage compound in rapeseed. Following oil extraction, the defatted meal is used in feed mixtures for livestock. However, monogastric pigs and chickens can only poorly metabolize phytate. Hence, their excrements are rich in phosphorus (P), which when applied as manure may lead to eutrophication of surface waters. The aim of the present study was to analyze the genetic variation for total and organic P concentration (i.e. mainly phytate) in rapeseed and to compare the results with soybean. Two sets of rapeseed material were tested in field experiments in different environments with varying soil P levels and harvested seeds were used for seed quality analysis. Results revealed significant genotypic differences in total seed P concentration, which ranged from 0.47 to 0.94%. Depending on the experiment, the heritability for total P concentration ranged from 52 to 93%. The organic P portion of total P concentration was above 90% for current rapeseed hybrids. In both sets, there was a significant positive correlation between seed protein and P concentration. A NIRS calibration for total P concentration in intact seeds showed in cross validation a standard error of 0.05% and a coefficient of determination of R2 = 0.83. Total P concentration of soybean seeds and meal was between 0.55 and 0.65%, and around 1.1% for rapeseed meal. Rapeseed meal had a twofold higher ratio of total P to nitrogen concentration as compared to soybean which could be considered adverse when the meal is used for feeding livestock.

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