scholarly journals Phytochemical properties and heavy metal accumulation in wheat grain after three years’ fertilization with biogas digestate and mineral waste

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Różyło ◽  
Michał Świeca ◽  
Urszula Gawlik-Dziki ◽  
Ewa Kwiecińska-Poppe ◽  
Sylwia Andruszczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Biogas Digestate ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Bioaccumulation Index ◽  
Positive Effect

Non-standard materials used for plant fertilization, require characterization to reduce any possible undesired effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of fertilization with biogas digestate (BD) and mining waste (carboniferous mudstones (MS) from coal mine) on wheat yield quality and the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in wheat grains in relation to conventional fertilization (NPK) and no fertilization. Using the co-application of waste (MS+BD), the highest yield was obtained in the first and second year, but in the third year, a slight decrease in yield was observed compared to NPK. In all years, BD and MS+BD fertilization increased the content of protein, wet gluten, and phenols in wheat grain compared to NPK and no fertilization. Waste fertilization had a positive effect on the antioxidant capacity index of grain but only in the first year. The bioaccumulation index (BAI) demonstrated that NPK decreased BAI for Zn, B, Cd, and Mn, whereas MS+BD decreased BAI for Cu, Sr, Pb, Co, Ba, and Cr.

scholarly journals Productivity of wheat grown in conditions of unconventional agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (29) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Vesselin Dochev ◽  
◽  
Atanas Atanassov ◽  
Krasimira Uzunova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combined Treatment ◽  
First Year ◽  
Positive Difference ◽  
Spike Number ◽  
Common Variety ◽  
Modern Wheat ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Biodynamic Preparations ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Made In

The production of clean, healthy and high quality agricultural products is becoming increasingly important. In modern wheat agriculture, research with biological and biodynamic preparations is increasingly presented. With the common variety of winter wheat Venka 1, a study was conducted in the period 2019 - 2020 on carbonate, chernozem soil type, in the experimental field of Agricultural Institute Shumen. The experiment is based on the block method, in four replications with the size of the experimental plot 10 m2. Sowing was carried out in October with a sowing rate of 500 sprouts / m2 after the predecessor sugar flower. In the appropriate periods, treatments were made in 4 variants: 1) Control – untreated variant; 2) Treatment with biodynamic preparations: Preparation 500 + Fladen preparation + preparation 501; 3) Treatment with biological preparations: Heliosulfur + Free N; 4) Combined treatment with the same biodynamic and biological preparations. After the readings of the biometric indicators and the statistical analysis for the first year of the study, a proven positive difference was found in the variant treated with biological preparations on the length of the spike, number and weight of grains per spike. In the second year, a proven positive difference was obtained in the variants treated with biological and biodynamic preparations and in their combination on the length of the spike, number and weight of grains per spike. A difference in the number of spikelets per spike was substantially demonstrated only in the variant treated with biological preparations in the second year of the study. For a proven positive effect in the variant treated with biodynamic preparations, technological time is needed in order to show the real effect of their action on the yield in wheat.

scholarly journals Winter Wheat Grain Quality, Zinc and Iron Concentration Affected by a Combined Foliar Spray of Zinc and Iron Fertilizers

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etienne Niyigaba ◽  
Angelique Twizerimana ◽  
Innocent Mugenzi ◽  
Wansim Aboubakar Ngnadong ◽  
Yu Ping Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
First Year ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Second Year

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the main foods globally. Nutrition problems associated with Zinc and Iron deficiency affect more than two billion individuals. Biofortification is a strategy believed to be sustainable, economical and easily implemented. This study evaluated the effect of combined Zn and Fe applied as foliar fertilizer to winter wheat on grain yield, quality, Zn and Fe concentration in the grains. Results showed that treatments containing high Fe increased the yield. Grain crude fat content remained unaffected. Crude fiber was enhanced up to three-fold by 60% Zn + 40% Fe5.5 (5.5 kg ha−1 of 60% Zn + 40% Fe). Moreover, 80% Zn + 20% Fe5.5 (5.5 kg ha−1 of 80% Zn + 20% Fe) was the best combination for increasing crude protein. Zinc applied alone enhanced Zn concentration in grain. In addition, Fe was slightly improved by an application of Zn and Fe in the first year, but a greater increase was observed in the second year, where 100% Fe13 (13 kg ha−1 of 100% Fe) was the best in improving Fe in grain. Foliar application of Zn and Fe is a practical approach to increase Zn and Fe concentration, and to improve the quality of wheat grains.

scholarly journals Mulching with Leaf Litter from Municipal Green Waste Favours Predatory Mononchid Nematodes

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2522
Author(s):  
Renáta Petrikovszki ◽  
Mihály Zalai ◽  
Franciska Tóthné Tóthné Bogdányi ◽  
Ferenc Tóth ◽  
Péter István Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
First Year ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Although the incorporation of organic amendments into the soil is widely researched, less attention has been given to the impact of in-situ composting of municipal green wastes (MGW), especially leaf litter, on free-living nematodes. In a four year experiment (2016–2019) of tomato cropping cycles, we tested the hypothesis that leaf litter mulch has a positive effect on mononchid predatory nematodes and influences their species composition. Two treatments were applied every year: plots were either mulched with leaf litter or left unmulched. Soil samples were collected every autumn at the end of the growing season. Active, free-living nematodes were extracted by Baermann funnel from soil samples, the density of mononchid predatory nematodes was determined, and the individuals were identified to genus or species. In the first year (2016), mulching did not affect the density of mononchids. From the second year (2017) on, their number significantly increased in mulched plots, compared to in unmulched ones. During the study period the presence of four mononchid genera: Clarkus, Mylonchulus, Prionchulus, and Iotonchus, were detected. Our hypothesis was confirmed, as the number of mononchids increased in the presence of MGW leaf litter mulch layer.

INFLUENCE OF FOLIAR-APPLIED N-P-K FERTILIZERS ON PRODUCTIVITY AND NUTRITION OF JUNE-BEARING STRAWBERRIES

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 277-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. ROSEN ◽  
E. E. HOOVER ◽  
J. J. LUBY
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
First Year ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

A 2-yr field experiment was conducted to determine the influence of supplemental N-P-K foliar fertilizers (9-8-7 or 16-2-3) applied during flowering, fruit enlargement and/or flower initiation on yield, quality, and nutrition of Earliglow strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.). All plots received soil applied fertilizer at planting and at renovation according to soil test recommendations. Foliar fertilizers did not significantly increase total yield at any of the rates or times of application employed. Average yields the first year were 1.5 times greater than those the second year, regardless of whether foliar fertilizers were applied. Treatments did not significantly affect mean berry weight or percent soluble solids. Concentrations of N and P in recently matured leaves sampled during harvest were not significantly affected by foliar treatments, but K level was increased in the second year of the study by some foliar treatments.Key words: Fragaria spp., foliar nutrient sprays, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, strawberry

Natural regeneration of jack pine following harvesting and site preparation in the Clay Belt of northwestern Quebec

1999 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 821-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Béland ◽  
Yves Bergeron ◽  
Richard Zarnovican
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
First Year ◽  
Seedling Density ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Pine Regeneration ◽  
Soil Scarification ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Abundance And Distribution ◽  
Positive Effect

A 36-ha experiment was carried out to assess the possibility of naturally regenerating jack pine stands following harvesting on clay soils of northwestern Quebec. Although differences between treatments were not statistically significant, there was a trend toward a positive effect of one treatment combining on-site delimbing and scarification with the Silva Wadell™ cone scarifier on jack pine seedling density (up to 10 000/ha) and distribution (50% of 1 m2 plots with at least one seedling, corresponding to 94% with 4 m2 plots), two years after harvest. However, scarified microsites contained fewer seedlings than expected and undisturbed humus contained more seedlings than expected. This result, contrary to what is generally reported in the literature may be explained either by the fairly humid conditions, favourable to germination and seedling establishment, occurring on clay sites or by the scarifier spreading the cone-bearing slash outward. Seedling abundance and distribution improved substantially from the first year to the second year following treatment. Although the irregular branch distribution over the cutover area appears to have limited regeneration success, combining on-site delimbing with soil scarification could lead to relatively good stocking of jack pine regeneration that could be enhanced by some fill-planting. This regeneration method could constitute an alternative to planting jack pine on clay. However, vegetation control to remove aspen competition might be necessary. Key words: jackpine, silviculture, natural regeneration, boreal mixed wood

EFFECT OF SUMMERFALLOWING AND ROTATION ON YIELD OF WHEAT, BARLEY AND FLAX

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 659-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. AUSTENSON ◽  
A. WENHARDT ◽  
W. J. WHITE
Keyword(s):  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
First Year ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Excessive Competition ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Second Year

Yields of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) were studied in various rotations over a 13-year period. During this time precipitation averaged about 10% below long term means. Wheat yields in the second year after fallow averaged about 75% of the yield in the first year after fallow, and were more variable. Continuous wheat failed in 2 years out of 13 because of excessive competition from weeds. Because of these failures, continuous wheat yields were extremely variable and averaged 55% of fallow yield. Barley performed in much the same way as wheat, except that the yield of barley was no more erratic on stubble land than on fallow. Wheat and barley yields were unaffected by other crops growing in 3-year rotations. Flax yields were depressed following flax, whether a year of fallow intervened or not. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) depressed wheat yield in the first crop after breaking, even though a full year of summerfallow preceded the wheat. Alfalfa with bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), and bromegrass alone, did not affect wheat yields significantly.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Possibilities of Using Cross-Linked Polyacrylamide (Agro Hydrogel) and Preparations with Biostimulation in Building the Quality Potential of Newly Planted Apple Trees

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Magdalena Kapłan ◽  
Agnieszka Lenart ◽  
Kamila Klimek ◽  
Andrzej Borowy ◽  
Dariusz Wrona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
First Year ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Second Year ◽  
One Year ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Positive Effect

The research was carried out in a commercial apple orchard in southeastern Poland. The aim of the research was to evaluate the effect of fertilizer with biostimulation and humic acids with algae extracts and agrogel on the reception and growth of newly planted maiden apple trees of the ‘Gala Must’ variety. One-year-old budwoods were planted annually on the site where fruit trees had grown for 20 years. For the purpose of the experiment, old trees were grubbed up every year in autumn. The experiment assessed the growth and quality of apple trees in the fall of the first year after planting them permanently using a biostimulator in the form of fertilizer and agrogel. On the basis of 3-year studies, it was shown that the application of the assessed preparations had a positive effect on the quality parameters of the trees. The experiment showed the positive effect of the preparation with biostimulation on the best growth and quality parameters every year, which was confirmed by the multidimensional cluster analysis. The fact that the use of agrogel significantly modified the height of the evaluated apple trees in the second year of the study, when lower amounts of rainfall were recorded, is particularly noteworthy.

An inevitable crisis? From first to second year in counsellor training

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-89
Author(s):  
Hugh Crago
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
First Year ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Counsellor Training ◽  
Student Dropout ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Neurological Research ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
And Control

In a seminal 1973 paper, Robert Clark described the very different “cultures” of the first and second year students in a four year clinical psychology PhD programme. The author applies Clark’s template to his own experiences as trainee or trainer in five different counsellor education programmes, one in the US and four in Australia. Each of the programmes, to varying degrees, demonstrates key features of the pattern identified by Clark, where the first year is “therapeutic” and other-oriented, the second is “professional” and self-focused. The author concludes that all the surveyed programmes exhibited some level of “second year crisis”, in which a significant number of students felt abandoned, dissatisfied, or rebellious. The author extends and refines Clark’s developmental analogy (first year = childhood; second year = adolescence) to reflect recent neurological research, in particular, the shift from a right hemisphere-dominant first year of life, prioritising affiliative needs, to a left hemisphere-dominant second year, prioritising autonomy and control. This shift is paralleled later by a more gradual move from a protective, supportive childhood to necessary, but sometimes conflictual, individuation in adolescence. The first two years of a counsellor training programme broadly echo this process, a process exacerbated by the second year internship/placement, in which students must “leave home” and adjust to unfamiliar, potentially less nurturing, authority figures. Finally, the author suggests introducing more rigorous “academic holding” into the first year, and greater attention to “therapeutic holding” of dissident students in the second, hopefully decreasing student dropout, and achieving a better balanced training experience.

Implementation of the Second-year course in an Engineering Professional Spine

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umar Iqbal ◽  
Deena Salem ◽  
David Strong
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Research University ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Employability Skills ◽  
First Year ◽  
Computer Engineering ◽  
Core Courses ◽  
Second Year ◽  
First Time ◽  
Academic Year

The objective of this paper is to document the experience of developing and implementing a second-year course in an engineering professional spine that was developed in a first-tier research university and relies on project-based core courses. The main objective of this spine is to develop the students’ cognitive and employability skills that will allow them to stand out from the crowd of other engineering graduates.The spine was developed and delivered for the first time in the academic year 2010-2011 for first-year general engineering students. In the year 2011-2012, those students joined different programs, and accordingly the second-year course was tailored to align with the different programs’ learning outcomes. This paper discusses the development and implementation of the course in the Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) department.

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