scholarly journals Indicators for sustainable agriculture - a theoretical framework for classifying and assessing indicators

1999 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. YLI-VIIKARI
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
State Response ◽  
The Social ◽  
Major Shortcoming ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Pressure State

Indicators can be used for identifying, simplifying and quantifying agri-environmental aspects of sustainability. They offer us a way to proceed from the theoretical definition of sustainability to more practically oriented approaches. This study examines agricultural systems with a view to identifying the points and levels at which the sustainability of these systems can be assessed. The agri-environmental indicators are presented within the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) framework. Although suitable for ecological indicators, this framework is not highly relevant for economic and social indicators, which were thus studied from a more general theoretical perspective. As the concept of sustainability includes a number of different value-laden definitions, the setting of indicators should be seen as an ongoing re-evaluation rather than a technical process of measuring certain parameters. The need to refine the assessment methods was recognised in several subthemes of agricultural sustainability. A major shortcoming was found to be the lack of tools for evaluating qualitative phenomena such as landscapes and animal welfare. Likewise, in economics and the social sciences, much needs to be done to promote understanding of the interactions between these disciplines and environmental processes. Moreover, the basic framework of the assessments requires further examination, for instance, when interpreting the indicator results, when dealing with uncertainty and when seeking to identify cause-effect chains, even though these questions are no longer purely matters of indicator methodology.;

RISCO DE MOVIMENTOS DE MASSA NAS COMUNIDADES MAZAGÃO 1 E JOSÉ DA SILVA SOBRAL, MUNICÍPIO DE ALAGOA NOVA / PB

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-135
Author(s):  
Caroline Barros de Sales ◽  
Samara Sayonara Cândida da Silva ◽  
Lutiane Queiroz de Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Mass Movements ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Exposure Data ◽  
The Social ◽  
Bibliographical Survey ◽  
Photographic Records

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo caracterizar o risco nas comunidades Mazagão 1 e José da Silva Sobral, a partir de indicadores sociais de vulnerabilidade e ambientais de perigo para movimentos de massa. Para isso, buscou-se inicialmente o levantamento bibliográfico, respaldando-se em autores que trabalham com as temáticas de riscos e vulnerabilidade, e foram realizadas atividades de campo, as quais possibilitaram a aplicação dos questionários de vulnerabilidade social e das fichas de exposição a movimentos de massa, além de permitir a realização de registros fotográficos. A partir da sistematização dos dados de vulnerabilidade social e de exposição, permitiu-se estabelecer as características mais presentes nas comunidades, indicando os elementos mais críticos, os quais colaboram para que haja risco de movimentos de massa, apontando então para a necessidade de pesquisas que venham a estudar profundamente a situação, podendo vir a propor medidas mitigadoras diretamente aplicáveis à área de risco.Palavras-chave: Vulnerabilidade; Perigo; Desastre. ABSTRACTThe present work aims to characterize the risk in the communities Mazagão 1 and José da Silva Sobral, considering social indicators of vulnerability and environmental indicators of danger to mass movements. In order to do this, a bibliographical survey was sought, supported by authors working on the themes of risk and vulnerability, and field activities were carried out, which made possible the application of the social vulnerability questionnaires and the exposure sheets to mass movements, besides allowing the realization of photographic records. Systematizing social vulnerability and exposure data, the most present characteristics in the communities were established, indicating the most critical elements, which contribute to the risk of mass movements, pointing to the need for research that will deeply study the situation, and may propose mitigating measures directly applicable to the area of risk.Keywords: Vulnerability; Danger; Disaster. RESUMENEste trabajo tiene como objetivo caracterizar el riesgo en las comunidades Mazagão 1 y José da Silva Sobral, con base en indicadores sociales de vulnerabilidad y peligro ambiental para los movimientos de masas. Para ello, se buscó inicialmente la investigación bibliográfica, apoyada por autores que trabajan con los temas de riesgos y vulnerabilidad, y se llevaron a cabo actividades de campo, que permitieron la aplicación de cuestionarios de vulnerabilidad social y hojas de exposición al movimiento, además de permitir la realización de registros fotográficos. A partir de la sistematización de datos sobre vulnerabilidad social y exposición, fue posible establecer las características más comunes en las comunidades, indicando los elementos más críticos, que contribuyen al riesgo de movimientos masivos, señalando la necesidad de una investigación que Estudie la situación en profundidad y proponga medidas de mitigación directamente aplicables al área de riesgo.Palabras Claves: Vulnerabilidad; Peligro; Desastre.

scholarly journals Has the Credibility of the Social Sciences Been Credibly Destroyed? Reanalyzing the “Many Analysts, One Data Set” Project

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 237802312110244
Author(s):  
Katrin Auspurg ◽  
Josef Brüderl
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Causal Reasoning ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Skin Tone ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Many ◽  
Definition Of

In 2018, Silberzahn, Uhlmann, Nosek, and colleagues published an article in which 29 teams analyzed the same research question with the same data: Are soccer referees more likely to give red cards to players with dark skin tone than light skin tone? The results obtained by the teams differed extensively. Many concluded from this widely noted exercise that the social sciences are not rigorous enough to provide definitive answers. In this article, we investigate why results diverged so much. We argue that the main reason was an unclear research question: Teams differed in their interpretation of the research question and therefore used diverse research designs and model specifications. We show by reanalyzing the data that with a clear research question, a precise definition of the parameter of interest, and theory-guided causal reasoning, results vary only within a narrow range. The broad conclusion of our reanalysis is that social science research needs to be more precise in its “estimands” to become credible.

scholarly journals Subaltern Debris: Archaeology and Marginalized Communities

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Beatriz Marín-Aguilera
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Marginalized Communities ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Patricia Hill Collins ◽  
Definition Of

Archaeologists, like many other scholars in the Social Sciences and Humanities, are particularly concerned with the study of past and present subalterns. Yet the very concept of ‘the subaltern’ is elusive and rarely theorized in archaeological literature, or it is only mentioned in passing. This article engages with the work of Gramsci and Patricia Hill Collins to map a more comprehensive definition of subalternity, and to develop a methodology to chart the different ways in which subalternity is manifested and reproduced.

Moral economy: What’s in a name

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
James G Carrier
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Moral Economy ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
The Past ◽  
Empty Symbol ◽  
The Social ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Moral Economic

The idea of moral economy has been increasingly popular in the social sciences over the past decade, given a confusing variety of meanings and sometimes invoked as an empty symbol. This paper begins by describing this state of affairs and some of its undesirable corollaries, which include unthinking invocations of the moral and simplistic views of some sorts of economic activity. Then, referring especially to the work of EP Thompson and James C Scott, this paper proposes a more precise definition of moral economy that roots moral economic activity in the mutual obligations that arise when people transact with each other over the course of time. It thus distinguishes between the moral values that are the context of economic activity and those that arise from the activity itself. The solution that the paper proposes to the confused state of ‘moral economy’ can, therefore, be seen as terminological, as the sub-title suggests, but it is intended to have the substantive benefits of a better approach to economic activity and circulation and a more explicit and thoughtful attention to moral value.

Secondary analysis in the social sciences and its relation to futures studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiano Vezzoni
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Sociology Of Religion ◽  
Future Scenarios ◽  
Futures Studies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research And Teaching ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show the importance of secondary analysis to social sciences and to futures studies, both for research and teaching purposes. Design/methodology/approach – An illustration of the main characteristics of secondary analysis, presenting it as a theory-driven activity where the definition of the research design plays a fundamental role. Findings – This paper extends the secondary analysis approach to the study of the future. The utility of secondary analysis for futures studies is illustrated by means of the presentation of two examples developed in the field of the sociology of religion. Originality/value – The results are useful for those who want to develop sound and robust approaches to the study of social change, taking into consideration the simulation of possible future scenarios.

Defining and Researching Islamophobia

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-189 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Liberal Democracies ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
Political Concept ◽  
The Social ◽  
Comparative Concept ◽  
Definition Of

Islamophobia was originally developed as a concept in the late 1990s by political activists to draw attention to rhetoric and actions directed at Islam and Muslims in Western liberal democracies. In recent years, Islamophobia has evolved from a primarily political concept toward one increasingly deployed for analytical purposes. Researchers have begun using the term to identify the history, presence, dimensions, intensity, causes, and consequences of anti-Islamic and anti-Muslim sentiments. In short, Islamophobia is an emerging comparative concept in the social sciences. Yet, there is no widely-accepted definition of the term. As a result, it is extremely difficult to compare levels of Islamophobia across time, location, or social group, or to levels of analogous categories like racism, anti-Semitism, or xenophobia.

The Challenge of Anthropogenic Climate Change for the Social Sciences

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Anthropogenic Climate Change ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
The Social ◽  
Protective Strategy ◽  
Biophysical Indicators ◽  
Social Causes

Abstract: This paper argues that climate change throws down a challenge for the social sciences. They can no longer rely on exclusively social indicators and relative ones, but must include absolute biophysical indicators in their investigations. Accurate analyses of the social causes and consequences of anthropogenic climate change require that they capture the complexity of lay and scientific knowledge, and the nuances of uncertainty, of nature, and of language rather than relying on oversimplified notions. The paper examines whether resilience is a protective strategy under uncertainty and whether disasters are likely to impel mitigation of global warming. It assesses lofty post-carbon utopia discourse and suggests instead the comparative analysis of successful and unsuccessful societies in preventing anthropogenic global warming. To illustrate such an analysis, the paper sketches a study of the different developmental channels of Northern Europe and North America.

The Logic of the Anatomy of Revolution, with reference to the Netherlands Revolt

1960 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Nadel
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Language Philosophy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of

In what follows, I begin by asking a paradigmatic question to clarify some problems of definition (I). Next, Crane Brinton's Anatomy of Revolution is examined as a scientific definition of revolution (II). Its application to the Netherlands revolt concludes the essay (III). Many logical problems are oversimplified and some are ignored altogether. This is done to keep the lid down on several Pandora's boxes, notably those labelled methodology in the social sciences, language philosophy, and historical laws, about which a great deal, some of it relevant here, has been written already. At the same time, I am concerned with the complexity of the problems raised and with suggesting that the ways in which definitions of historical events can be used deserve as much attention as the definitions themselves.

Legal philosophy of Rudolf Stammler

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Николай Шавеко ◽  
Nikolai Shaveko
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
Philosophy Of Law ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Law And Science ◽  
Outstanding Representative

The monograph is devoted to the identification of the main provisions and features of the philosophy of law R. Stammler, definition of communication proposed by R. Stammler legal doctrine with the preceding and contemporary legal doctrines and its significance for the subsequent development of the theory and philosophy of law. R. Stammler – founder and outstanding representative neokantianism philosophy of law and science flow "revived" natural law, speaking with their own conception of the methodology of the social Sciences and played a key role in the development of natural law doctrine, introducing into science the concept of "proper law" (natural law with changing content) and suggesting the formula of the legal ideal "society of freely wanting people". In addition, Mr. stammler one of the first made deeply researched academic critique of Marxism and anarchism. His teaching on the law, jurisprudence and legal ideal of R. stammler had a significant impact on the development of Russian philosophy of law.

Disentangling the Translational Sciences: A Social Science Perspective

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis D. Burgio
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
Services Research ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Widespread Dissemination

In this article the author first attempts to disentangle a number of issues in translational science from a social science perspective. As expected in a fledgling field of study being approached from various disciplines, there are marked differences in the research literature on terminology, definition of terms, and conceptualization of staging of clinical research from the pilot phase to widespread dissemination in the community. The author asserts that translational efforts in the social sciences are at a crossroads, and its greatest challenge involves the movement of interventions gleaned from clinical trials to community settings. Four strategies for reaching this goal are discussed: the use of methods derived from health services research, a yet-to-be-developed strategy where decisions to modify aspects of an intervention derived from a clinical trial are triggered by data-based criteria, community based participatory action research (CBPR), and a hybrid system wherein methods from CBPR and traditional experimental procedures are combined to achieve translation. The author ends on an optimistic note, emphasizing the impressive advances in the area over the existing barriers and calling for a unified interdisciplinary science of translation.

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