scholarly journals Kielioppi kerrosten ja kytkentöjen verkostona

Virittäjä ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Hamunen
Keyword(s):  
Publishing Company ◽  
Modular Approach ◽  
Conceptual Semantics

Arvioitu teos: Urpo Nikanne: Conceptual semantics. A micro-modular approach. Constructional Approaches to Language 23. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company 2018. xvi + 281 s. isbn 978-90-272-0117-1.

Causative purpose adjuncts in Estonian and Finnish: A non-linear approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-289
Author(s):  
Geda Paulsen ◽  
Urpo Nikanne
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Conceptual Structure ◽  
Modular Approach ◽  
Conceptual Semantics ◽  
Linear Approach ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Temporal Structures ◽  
Causative Effect ◽  
Temporal Flow

AbstractIn this article, we examine the form and meaning of a subtype of causative adjuncts, purpose adjuncts, in Estonian and Finnish. The analysis is based on the micro-modular approach of Conceptual Semantics (Nikanne 1990, 2005, 2018; Pörn 2004; Paulsen 2011a, 2011b; Petrova 2011). It provides a non-linear approach to linguistic causation, alternative to the linear models. By the term ‘non-linear’ we mean the involvement of separate levels of conceptual structure that influence the causative reading, and a separation of causation from the temporal flow of the situation. We propose two causative operators for subordinate causative structures, BECAUSE OF and LEAD TO. According to their temporal structures, we separate two types of purpose adjuncts: reason-purpose adjuncts and avoidance adjuncts. The causative effect of purpose is in our analysis related to the notion of intentionality.

The Distinction between Linguistic and Conceptual Semantics in Medical Terminology and its Implication for NLP-Based Knowledge Acquisition

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (04/05) ◽  
pp. 327-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Buekens ◽  
G. De Moor ◽  
A. Waagmeester ◽  
W. Ceusters
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Natural Language Understanding ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge ◽  
Medical Terminology ◽  
Language Understanding ◽  
Conceptual Semantics

AbstractNatural language understanding systems have to exploit various kinds of knowledge in order to represent the meaning behind texts. Getting this knowledge in place is often such a huge enterprise that it is tempting to look for systems that can discover such knowledge automatically. We describe how the distinction between conceptual and linguistic semantics may assist in reaching this objective, provided that distinguishing between them is not done too rigorously. We present several examples to support this view and argue that in a multilingual environment, linguistic ontologies should be designed as interfaces between domain conceptualizations and linguistic knowledge bases.

Times Publishing Company

PCI Journal ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Jerry Seelen
Keyword(s):  
Publishing Company

A Revised Modular Approach to D8-THC and Derivatives Through Late-Stage Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reactions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Bloemendal ◽  
Floris P. J. T. Rutjes ◽  
Thomas J. Boltje ◽  
Daan Sondag ◽  
Hidde Elferink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Medicinal Chemistry ◽  
Cross Coupling ◽  
Modular Approach ◽  
Coupling Reactions ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Cross Coupling Reactions ◽  
Chemistry Research

<p>In this manuscript we describe a modular pathway to synthesize biologically relevant (–)-<i>trans</i>-Δ<sup>8</sup>-THC derivatives, which can be used to modulate the pharmacologically important CB<sub>1</sub> and CB<sub>2</sub> receptors. This pathway involves a one-pot Friedel-Crafts alkylation/cyclization protocol, followed by Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions and gives rise to a series of new Δ<sup>8</sup>-THC derivatives. In addition, we demonstrate using extensive NMR evidence that similar halide-substituted Friedel-Crafts alkylation/cyclization products in previous articles were wrongly assigned as the para-isomers, which also has consequence for the assignment of the subsequent cross-coupled products and interpretation of their biological activity. </p> <p>Considering the importance of the availability of THC derivatives in medicinal chemistry research and the fact that previously synthesized compounds were wrongly assigned, we feel this research is describing a straightforward pathway into new cannabinoids.</p>

The Total Synthesis of Rhabdastrellic Acid A

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaroslav Boyko ◽  
Christopher Huck ◽  
David Sarlah
Keyword(s):  
Total Synthesis ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Cross Coupling ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
General Strategy ◽  
Modular Approach ◽  
Linear Sequence ◽  
Generating Sequence ◽  
First Time

<div>The first total synthesis of rhabdastrellic acid A, a highly cytotoxic isomalabaricane triterpenoid, has been accomplished in a linear sequence of 14 steps from commercial geranylacetone. The prominently strained <i>trans-syn-trans</i>-perhydrobenz[<i>e</i>]indene core characteristic of the isomalabaricanes is efficiently accessed in a selective manner for the first time through a rapid, complexity-generating sequence incorporating a reductive radical polyene cyclization, an unprecedented oxidative Rautenstrauch cycloisomerization, and umpolung 𝛼-substitution of a <i>p</i>-toluenesulfonylhydrazone with in situ reductive transposition. A late-stage cross-coupling in concert with a modular approach to polyunsaturated side chains renders this a general strategy for the synthesis of numerous family members of these synthetically challenging and hitherto inaccessible marine triterpenoids.</div>

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