scholarly journals Ambivalence about Children in the Family Building Process in Sweden

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 57-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Bernhardt ◽  
Frances Goldscheider
Keyword(s):  
Transition To Parenthood ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
First Child ◽  
Building Process ◽  
The Family ◽  
Child Allowances ◽  
Paid Parental Leave

Sweden provides strong support for childbearing and parenthood, including generously subsidized medical, maternal, and child care, paid parental leave, and child allowances. In this context, attitudes towards parenthood are likely to have a particularly strong impact on the decision about whether and when to have children. We examine the links between first births and holding attitudes about children, not just of positive and negative attitudes, but also of ambivalence, namely those who both value children but also value the things that compete with parenthood for young adults’ time and other resources. Our analysis shows, measuring attitudes before the transition to parenthood, that ambivalence about childbearing delays the transition to parenthood, but not nearly as much as holding purely negative attitudes. Further, reporting an ambivalent experience from the first child had no significant effect on further childbearing, which testifies to the strong two-child norm in Sweden.

scholarly journals Paid Family Leave to Strengthen the STEM Workforce

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Alex Hsain ◽  
Ryan Tam ◽  
Ishita Kamboj ◽  
Hanna Berman ◽  
Ryan Dudek
Keyword(s):  
Parental Leave ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Women In Science ◽  
Family Leave ◽  
Stem Leave ◽  
Paid Family Leave ◽  
The Family ◽  
Paid Parental Leave ◽  
And Mathematics

In the United States many women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) leave their careers after becoming a parent. Attrition is simultaneously occurring with workforce shortages in STEM with two million jobs potentially unfilled by 2025. While there has been an increase in STEM recruitment of women over recent decades, policies aimed at decreasing departure of women in STEM have not been prioritized. The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (FMLA) guarantees workers up to 12 weeks of unpaid, job-protected leave, but has not shown to increase workforce attachment of new mothers. Instead, studies suggest that short durations of paid leave (6-12 weeks) increase workforce attachment. Medical consensus suggests that a leave of 26 weeks is necessary for maternal health and a leave of 40 weeks is optimal for infant well-being. Coupled with recently introduced paid parental leave legislation in Congress, we recommend timely action to decrease the departure of women from the workforce and to strengthen gender equality in STEM. We recommend instituting 12 weeks of federal paid family leave (PFL) under the recently introduced national family leave insurance program in the Family and Medical Insurance Leave Act (FAMILY Act; S. 463/H.R. 1185).

scholarly journals Parental Leave for Residents at Programs Affiliated With the Top 50 Medical Schools

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 472-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Gottenborg ◽  
Lindsay Rock ◽  
Alison Sheridan
Keyword(s):  
Parental Leave ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
Medical Leave ◽  
Paid Leave ◽  
Family Medical Leave Act ◽  
Policies And Procedures ◽  
The Family ◽  
Paid Parental Leave ◽  
Family Medical Leave

ABSTRACT Background Of the top 15 medical schools with affiliated graduate medical education (GME) programs, 8 offer paid parental leave, with an average duration of 6.6 weeks. It is not known how other GME programs approach parental leave. Objective We searched for the parental leave policies for residents in programs affiliated with the top 50 medical schools. Methods In 2019, we identified the top 50 medical schools designated by US News & World Report in the research and primary care categories (totaling 59 schools), and identified the associated GME programs. For each school, we accessed its website and searched for “GME Policies and Procedures” to find language related to maternity, paternity, or parental leave, or the Family Medical Leave Act. If unavailable, we e-mailed the GME office to identify the policy. Results Of 59 schools, 25 (42%) described paid parental leave policies with an average of 5.1 weeks paid leave; 11 of those (44%) offer ≤ 4 weeks paid parental leave. Twenty-five of 59 (42%) programs did not have paid parental leave, but 13 of these specify that residents can use sick or vacation time to pay for part of their parental leave. Finally, 13 of 59 (22%) offered state mandated partial paid leave. One school did not have any description of parental leave. Conclusions While paid parental leave for residents has been adopted by many of the GME programs affiliated with the top 50 medical schools, it is not yet a standard benefit offered to the majority of residents.

scholarly journals The Effects of Paternity Leave on Parents’ Earnings Trajectories and Earnings Inequality

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youjin Choi ◽  
Anders Holm ◽  
Rachel Margolis
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
Earnings Inequality ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Paternity Leave ◽  
Insurance Program ◽  
The Family ◽  
Paid Parental Leave

Paid parental leave from work reserved for mothers and fathers is one policy that has been proposed to equalize labor force participation, wages, and childcare for men and women. We examine the effects of fathers’ use of parental leave on paternal, maternal and family earnings, as well as earnings inequality within the family exploiting the institution of the Quebec Parental Insurance Program which reserved 5 weeks of leave for fathers. We find that ten years after the birth, father’s use of parental leave increases family income and makes wages more equal within the family.

“I Got Lucky”

Affilia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-573
Author(s):  
Charity M. Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
New Mothers ◽  
Employment Trajectories ◽  
First Child ◽  
Child Policy ◽  
Paid Labor ◽  
Paid Parental Leave

The United States is one of the few countries in the world without national paid parental leave benefits. The lack of a universally available policy drives women out of the paid labor force, with a disproportionate impact on low-income women. In this article, I illuminate the mechanisms by which structural inequality reproduces class inequality across the transition to motherhood. Between 2012 and 2015, I interviewed 44 first-time mothers from diverse class backgrounds. From their narratives, I identify three typologies of working women—professional, pink-professional, and low-wage workers—and show how formal workplace policies and informal practices, coupled with women’s cultural knowledge, shape new mothers’ employment trajectories when they have their first child. Policy makers and social workers serving new mothers need to be attuned to how women’s occupational group may facilitate or inhibit access to parental leave, in order to pave the way for more equitable paid family leave for all women.

scholarly journals Implementation of the Family HELP Protocol: A Feasibility Project for a West Texas ICU

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Rebecca McClay
Keyword(s):  
Strong Support ◽  
Family Intervention ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Positive Perception ◽  
Family Presence ◽  
West Texas ◽  
The Family ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
High Level ◽  
Near Future

The purpose of this project was to determine if bedside intensive care unit (ICU) nurse buy-in to the Family Hospital Elder Life Program (HELP) protocol was sufficient to make implementation feasible at one county hospital in West Texas. Surveys were anonymous with ballot box collection being available to the bedside ICU nurses for one week each. Questions were based on literature findings of expected outcomes, identified barriers and facilitators, Calgary Family Intervention Method framework domains, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Framework for program evaluation. Outcome measures were taken from the stated aims of the project and evaluated from paired baseline and summative survey questions. Survey participation was approximately half of nurses employed in the studied ICU. Analysis of the surveys showed a positive perception of family presence decreasing patient delirium symptoms, and a positive perception of the Family HELP protocol. The results described a high perception of family members as partners in care and high intention to implement the Family HELP protocol, indicating strong support of a full implementation of the protocol. The high level of bedside nurse buy-in present in this study has large implications for successful implementation of the Family HELP protocol in the near future, with sustainability and continued use supported by potential inclusion of the task in the electronic health record charting.

Adjustment of Early Parenthood

1982 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
JULIE A. KACH ◽  
PAUL E. McGHEE
Keyword(s):  
Transition To Parenthood ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Early Parenthood ◽  
First Child ◽  
The Relationship

This study was designed to determine the relationship between the accuracy of preparenthood expectations about parenthood and the incidence of problems associated with the transition to parenthood. Parents who were expecting their first child in about six weeks completed a prebirth questionnaire pertaining to expectations about various dimensions of parenthood following the birth of their baby. The same questionnaire was administered two months after the birth of the baby, along with questions concerning the kinds of problems the parents had encountered. Two comparison control groups were also tested. Parents' preparenthood expectations did not differ significantly from their subsequent perceptions of parenthood. However, mothers with less accurate expectations about parenthood were most likely to have problems adjusting to parenthood. No comparable relationship was obtained for fathers. Less accurate expectations about parenthood among mothers were also associated with lower levels of preparation for parenting, higher age levels, and a greater number of years of prior marriage. Information is presented regarding the specific aspects of parenthood that mothers and fathers were least prepared for and that posed the greatest problems.

Industrial Legislation in 2010

2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shae McCrystal ◽  
Belinda Smith
Keyword(s):  
Equal Opportunity ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Full Effect ◽  
Safe Work ◽  
Work Health ◽  
Paid Parental Leave ◽  
Specific Regulation

Two themes in legislative activity in 2010 were national uniformity and some movement in using law to promote equality, especially gender equality. The Fair Work Act 2009 (Cth) came into full effect with the commencement of the new safety net provisions and the referral to the Commonwealth of industrial relations powers over private-sector workforces in all states except Western Australia. Progress continued on the promised harmonization of Australian occupational health and safety laws with the release of a model Work Health and Safety Bill by Safe Work Australia, although developments in some states threaten to derail the process. An attempt to repeal most of the industry-specific regulation of the building and construction industry failed. The Federal Parliament passed legislation establishing a national paid parental leave scheme, and a number of changes to federal discrimination laws came into effect or were proposed, including the potential consolidation of federal discrimination legislation. This article provides an overview of these developments at federal level and concludes with a discussion of developments in the states including a brief overview of Victoria’s new equal opportunity legislation.

scholarly journals Among Low-Income Women In San Francisco, Low Awareness Of Paid Parental Leave Benefits Inhibits Take-Up

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1157-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia M. Goodman ◽  
Holly Elser ◽  
William H. Dow
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
Low Income Women ◽  
Paid Parental Leave

The Value of Postponing Pregnancy: California’s Paid Family Leave and the Timing of Pregnancies

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1467-1499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirlee Lichtman-Sadot
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
The United States ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Hispanic Origin ◽  
Monetary Benefit ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Lower Education ◽  
Paid Parental Leave ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract Conditioning a monetary benefit on individuals’ family status can create distortions, even in individuals’ seemingly personal decisions, such as the birth of a child. Birth timing and its response to various policies has been studied by economists in several papers. However, pregnancy timing – i.e. the timing of conception – and its response to policy announcements has not been examined. This paper makes use of a 21-month lag between announcing California’s introduction of the first paid parental leave program in the United States and its scheduled implementation to evaluate whether women timed their pregnancies in order to be eligible for the expected benefit. Using natality data, documenting all births in the United States, a difference-in-differences approach compares California births to births in states outside of California before the program’s introduction and in 2004, the year California introduced paid parental leave. The results show that the distribution of California births in 2004 significantly shifted from the first half of the year to the second half of the year, immediately after the program’s implementation. While the effect is present for all population segments of new mothers, it is largest for disadvantaged mothers – with lower education levels, of Hispanic origin, younger, and not married. These results shed light on the population segments most affected by the introduction of paid parental leave and on the equitable nature of paid parental leave policies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document