scholarly journals Trends in Life Expectancy by Level of Education and Occupational Social Class in Finland 1981-2000

2006 ◽  
pp. 27-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tapani Valkonen ◽  
Pekka Martikainen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Public Health Programme ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Health Target ◽  
Occupational Social Class ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government

The study analyses trends in life expectancy by level of education and by occupational social class in Finland from 1981 to 2000 to assess to what extent these trends have been in accordance with the target of reducing socioeconomic differences in life expectancy set in the Government public health programme. The study is based on the census records for the population aged 35 or over, which have been linked to the death records for the years 1981 to 2000. The results show that, contrary to the public health target, the difference in the life expectancy between persons with tertiary and basic education and that between upper non-manual and manual occupational classes increased during the 1990s. Differences in the trends in mortality from alcohol-related causes of death and from other cancers than lung cancer accounted for most the increase in the socioeconomic gap among men. Different from the 1980s changes in cardiovascular mortality did not contribute to the increase in the socioeconomic gap. Among women the increase in the socioeconomic gap was mainly due to the heterogeneous group of other diseases and cancers other than lung and breast cancer

scholarly journals Inequalities in time from stopping paid work to death: findings from the ONS Longitudinal Study, 2001–2011

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 1101-1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily T Murray ◽  
Ewan Carr ◽  
Paola Zaninotto ◽  
Jenny Head ◽  
Baowen Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
Occupational Social Class ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
State Pension

BackgroundUK state pension eligibility ages are linked to average life expectancy, which ignores wide socioeconomic disparities in both healthy and overall life expectancy.ObjectivesInvestigate whether there are occupational social class differences in the amount of time older adults live after they stop work, and how much of these differences are due to health.MethodsParticipants were 76 485 members of the Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Study (LS), who were 50–75 years at the 2001 census and had stopped work by the 2011 census. Over 10 years of follow-up, we used censored linear regression to estimate mean differences in years between stopping work and death by occupational social class.ResultsAfter adjustment for age, both social class and health were independent predictors of postwork duration (mean difference (95% CI): unskilled class vs professional: 2.7 years (2.4 to 3.1); not good vs good health: 2.4 years (1.9 to 2.9)), with LS members in the three manual classes experiencing ~1 additional year of postwork duration than professional workers (interaction p values all <0.001). Further adjustment for gender and educational qualifications was reduced but did not eliminate social class and postwork duration associations. We estimate the difference in postwork years between professional classes in good health and unskilled workers not in good health as 5.1 years for women (21.0 vs 26.1) and 5.5 years for men (19.5 vs 25.0).ConclusionsLower social class groups are negatively affected by uniform state pension ages, because they are more likely to stop work at younger ages due to health reasons.

scholarly journals Facilitation of free residential training inside the country – The fundamental health service responsibility of the Government and its regulatory body

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (197) ◽  
pp. 40-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhur Dev Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
General Practice ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Health Service Delivery ◽  
Regulatory Body ◽  
Medical Council ◽  
Public Health Programme ◽  
The Government

For optimum Peripheral Health Service and implementation of various Vertical Public Health Programme Services, network of public Rural and Urban Health Centers with trained Specialists in General Practice (GP) is essential. Later such Specialist GPs will thus fulfill both comprehensive training and experience required for Health Management and Planning Service in the centre.  About 40%-50% of all Residential Trainings and Specialists are required in GP. There are further up to 100 to 150 possible specialties in which remaining doctors can be trained for Specialty Health Services. Though free Residential Training has numerous advantages, its shortage inside country is the bottleneck to provide above mentioned Health Services. Planning for health service delivery by at least trainee residents under supervision or appropriately trained specialists guides Residential Training’s regulations. Fulfillment of objective training criteria as its core focus is the concept now with the major role of Faculty as supervising residents to provide required service in the specialty and simultaneously updating themselves and their team for Evidence-Based Medicine practice. Similarly the need of Ambulatory Health Service and joint management of in-patients by specialists in hospitals has changed unit and bed divisions and requirements for Residential Training. Residents, already the licensed doctors, are thus providing required hospital service as indispensable part of its functional hierarchy for which they need to be paid. With such changing concepts and trends, there are some essential points in existing situation to facilitate free Residential Training inside country. For Government doctors, relevant amendment in their regulation is accordingly required. Keywords: ambulatory care; general practice; health service; hospitalist; medical council; medical education; public health; regulatory body; research; residential training.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Learning Guidelines During the Covid-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Tran Chong ◽  
Long Hui La
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Health Board ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
National Public Health ◽  
The Government ◽  
Evaluation Of Learning ◽  
National Emergency

The Covid-19 epidemic has led in significant changes across the board, particularly in the realm of education. Every level of education seems to be being 'forced' to adapt in order to accommodate students studying from home via online media. Educators are expected to be innovative in their delivery of curriculum using online learning medium. The Covid-19 epidemic is a worldwide pandemic, and the National Public Health Board has declared a national emergency. A number of preventative measures have been implemented by the government in order to avoid and reduce the spread of the virus. It is hoped that we would acquire acclimated to the existing system as a learning culture in educational institutions.

scholarly journals REDUCING HEALTH INEQUALITIES AS A COMPONENT OF THE HEALTH TRAINING PROGRAMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 937-942
Author(s):  
Tetiana S. Gruzieva ◽  
Nataliia V. Hrechyshkina ◽  
Mykhаilo D. Diachuk ◽  
Vasyl A. Dufynets
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Medical Needs ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
The Difference

The aim: identifying the characteristics and trends of inequalities in the health of the population to substantiate the educational content of the curriculum for the training of Master in Public Health. Materials and methods: Bibliographic, sociological, medical-statistical and information-analytical methods were used in the study. Ukraine’s healthcare institutions were the scientific base of the study. The data on the average life expectancy, morbidity, mortality, satisfaction of medical needs of different groups of the population for revealing the social gradient are analyzed. Documents on strategies to reduce health inequalities have been examined. Results: Health inequalities between WHO countries have been identified, including a difference in the average life expectancy at birth of 17.1 years in premature mortality due to differences in the levels of economic development of countries. The inequality in the prevalence of diseases and the difference in the satisfaction of specific medical needs among the first and tenth decile population of Ukraine were determined. The prevalence of diseases of the genitourinary system in the population older than 60 years with low rates by 27.3% was higher than the figure among financially insured persons. The incidence of ocular pathology among adults with different income levels varied 1.8 times. The provisions of the WHO strategic documents on reducing health inequalities and its protection and on developing the public health system are analyzed. We justify the necessity of expanding the coverage of the problems of reducing disparities in health and health care in the course of training of the Master in Public Health. A modern curriculum “Social Medicine, Public Health” has been developed with the inclusion of inequalities in public health and appropriate educational and methodological support. Conclusion: The strategic goal of reducing inequalities in public health and its care requires integrating these issues into a modern master’s in public health program. The curriculum developed covers various aspects of health inequalities and health care, including the identification and assessment of disparities, the clarification of causes, the identification of counter-measures. Created educational and methodological support allows acquiring theoretical knowledge and practical skills that form the necessary competencies of professionals in the context of overcoming inequalities in health.

scholarly journals DAMPAK RESESI EKONOMI PADA PENURUNAN KEMATIAN DAN PENINGKATAN ANGKA HARAPAN HIDUP DI INDONESIA*

Populasi ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siswanto Agus Wilopo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Government Role ◽  
Current Economic Crisis ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual

Since July 1997, Indonesia has suffered a monetary crisis that has led to a high rate of inflation and economic recession. This situation has inflicted an impact on the individual at two levels that is through the family and then the government role. Economic recession ean also have a direct and indirect influence on the degree of public health. There is a phenomenon of epidemiological polarization, which has a bigger impact on handling public health issues during recession. Without a program and more effective and efficient activities compared with the previous years, the current economic crisis will endanger the pattern of the declining death rate and increasing life expectancy at birth. Although various studies indicate that recession and economic fluctuation does notalways lead to a stagnationand decline inpublic health, the economic conditions in Indonesia arefundamentally different from those in other countries going through a similar experience. Efforts to maintain a momentum in reducing death rate and increasing life expectancy require reinventingpublic health policy.

scholarly journals Analisis Angka Harapan Hidup di Jawa Timur Tahun 2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Lina Septi Danasari ◽  
Arief Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Central Java ◽  
The Government

Life expectancy is one of the indicators to calculate the Human Development Index (HDI) which determined by infants’ health, toddlers’ health, frequency of liveborn children and death rate in the community. East Java Province has four dominant cultural areas such as Mataraman including the western part of the border of Central Java to Kediri, Madura including Bangkalan to Pamekasan, Arek including north coast of Surabaya to Malang and Tapal Kuda including Pasuruan, Probolinggo, Situbondo, Bondowoso, Lumajang and Jember. Those four cultural areas have different characteristic that can affect public health status especially life expectancy in East Java Province. The analysis aimed to know the correlation between infant mortality rate and life expectancy and to know the differences of life expectancy among four cultural areas in East Java year 2015. This analysis used secondary data obtained from Central Bureau of Statistic of East Java on May, 2017. The data were life expectancy as dependent variable, infant mortality rate as independent variable and cultural areas in East Java as grouping variables. The result showed that there was correlation between infant mortality rate with life expectancy (p=0.000) and there was different in life expectancy among four cultural areas in East Java year 2015 (p=0.000) such as cultural areas Mataraman-Madura, Mataraman-Tapal Kuda and Arek-Tapal Kuda. It suggested the government to continue improving the socio-economic welfare of the community and public health improvement in the Tapal Kuda area which had high infant mortality rate and low life expectancy.

scholarly journals Al-Qur’an dan Teori Pengetahuan: Melacak Formula Epistemologi dalam Al-Qur’an dan Implikasinya Terhadap Pendidikan Islam

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-173
Author(s):  
Eko Sumadi
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Public Trust ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Philosophical Beliefs ◽  
National Qualifications Framework ◽  
The Government

Abstract: The government has forced the Indonesian National Qualifications Framework (KKNI) into the curriculum of every level of education, from basic education to higher education. Thus, the influence of the demands of society, political maps, social and economic conditions is far more dominant in determining the direction of education in Indonesia than the system of public trust that accumulates in its philosophical view. Important philosophical beliefs as a counterweight and also determine the direction of the pace of education, so that educational institutions do not necessarily only function as producers of labor. On the awareness of the importance of the philosophical dimension in determining the direction of education (Islam), there are still parties (Muslims) who are allergic to even consider sinful, in touch with philosophy with all its rules. This article will answer the question; How is the construction of epistemology of knowledge according to the Qur'an and what are the implications of the epistemology for Islamic education? Kata Kunci: Epistemologi, Pendidikan Islam, dan Al-Qur’an

scholarly journals Motion og sundhed i et programmatisk perspektiv

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Skovgaard
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
Public Health Programme ◽  
The Public ◽  
Precise Understanding ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Future ◽  
Factual Content ◽  
The Government ◽  
Health Programme

Motion og sundhed som en arena for tilrettelæggelse af offentlig politik og Folkesundhedsprogrammet fra 1999.Exercise and health in a programmatic perspectiveFrom a political angle attention is regularly focused on the presumed connection between exercise and health. Generally speaking, there is interest in integrating exercise even more closely than has been the case to date into the health-oriented work which takes place in all parts of society – though most markedly in or with the participation of the public sector. But what progress is in fact being made in the realisation of the various schemes for allowing exercise and health to interact when it comes to actual initiatives on the ground? This is the fundamental question which this article attempts to tackle. At a more concrete level the aim is to analyse health and exercise as an arena for the planning of public policy. The Nyrup Rasmussen government’s Programme for Public Health (FSP) of 1999 has been taken as a starting point. The choice of this programme as a basis is due to the fact that we can in a small way begin to evaluate its impact. Towards the end of September 2002 the government then in power presented a review of the public health programme. To date this mostly consists of words on paper. Since the two national health programmes of 1999 and 2002 respectively resemble each other to a substantial extent – both in respect to content and to the administrative and social circumstances in which they are realised – it is reasonable to presume that what has proved true of the 1999 Public Health Programme will in broad terms also be true of the 2002 Health Programme. This article attempts to answer the following questions: Why and how did we actually get a public health programme? Why did it appear in the year 1999 and are we to regard it in isolation or is there some purpose in placing it in a historical and international perspective? Why is exercise included as an explicit theme in the public health programme? What are the aims of the public health programme in relation to exercise and are they in the process of being realised? The article’s second question is appended to the endless debate regarding whether and under what conditions exercise is healthy. From a precise understanding of what health and exercise are, the article will briefly touch on this question. The article’s third question demands a description of the health programme’s factual content, which leads on to an assessment of whether specific benchmarks are in the process of being attained. In this respect the article focuses exclusively on the subject of exercise. What of the future? An assessment of the public health programme is valuable in itself, but its value increases substantially if this descriptively formulated assessment is used to suggest what possible scenarios the future might hold for public health and for an area such as exercise.

scholarly journals The effect of negationism on public health

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-191
Author(s):  
Vitor E. Valenti ◽  
Alan Patricio da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Reduce Life Expectancy ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
The Government

Negacionism refers to the choice to deny a scientifically proven reality, which can reduce life expectancy and quality of life. Within this context, the uncontrolled trajectory of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil has generated great concern due to the lack of consensus on how to manage the pandemic in a scenario of denial of the seriousness of the disease by the government, since on August 2nd, 2021, there are 556,437 Brazilians killed due to the disease. The denial of COVID-19 and the immunizing agent is another pandemic and turns the current scenario into a syndemic.

scholarly journals Midlife socioeconomic position and old-age dementia mortality: a large prospective register-based study from Finland

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e033234
Author(s):  
Kaarina Korhonen ◽  
Elina Einiö ◽  
Taina Leinonen ◽  
Lasse Tarkiainen ◽  
Pekka Martikainen
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Socioeconomic Position ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequalities ◽  
Socioeconomic Differences ◽  
Occupational Social Class ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Overall Mortality

ObjectivesTo assess the association between multiple indicators of socioeconomic position and dementia-related death, and to estimate the contribution of dementia to socioeconomic differences in overall mortality at older ages.DesignProspective population-based register study.SettingFinland.Participants11% random sample of the population aged 70–87 years resident in Finland at the end of year 2000 (n=54 964).Main outcome measureIncidence rates, Kaplan-Meier survival probabilities and Cox regression HRs of dementia mortality in 2001–2016 by midlife education, occupational social class and household income measured at ages 53–57 years.ResultsDuring the 528 387 person-years at risk, 11 395 individuals died from dementia (215.7 per 10 000 person-years). Lower midlife education, occupational social class and household income were associated with higher dementia mortality, and the differences persisted to the oldest old ages. Compared with mortality from all other causes, however, the socioeconomic differences emerged later. Dementia accounted for 28% of the difference between low and high education groups in overall mortality at age 70+ years, and for 21% of the difference between lowest and highest household income quintiles. All indicators of socioeconomic position were independently associated with dementia mortality, low household income being the strongest independent predictor (HR=1.24, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.32), followed by basic education (HR=1.14, 1.06 to 1.23). Manual occupational social class was related to a 6% higher hazard (HR=1.06, 1.01 to 1.11) compared with non-manual social class. Adjustment for midlife economic activity, baseline marital status and chronic health conditions attenuated the excess hazard of low midlife household income, although significant effects remained.ConclusionSeveral indicators of socioeconomic position predict dementia mortality independently and socioeconomic inequalities persist into the oldest old ages. The results demonstrate that dementia is among the most important contributors to socioeconomic inequalities in overall mortality at older ages.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document