scholarly journals The connection between migration and regional structure in Finland around 1990 - a GIS viewpoint

2000 ◽  
pp. 163-178
Author(s):  
Jarkko Kauppinen ◽  
Elli Heikkilä ◽  
Jarmo Rusanen ◽  
Arvo Naukkarinen ◽  
Toivo Muilu

The connection between migration and regional structure in Finland in the early 19905 is discussed on the basis of Geographic Irformation Systems (GIS) data from Statistics Finland, compiled for map coordinate grid cells of 1 x 1 km. The results indicate that data of this kind enable a more detailed typology to be drawn up for migration. At the regional level, this allows the defining of places of "passing through '' which gain population from other local government districts but lose population through migration within their own district. The connection between migration and regional structure is manifested in the fact that flows both between and within local government districts mainly involve the more urbanised population centres and areas with: high levels of unemployment.

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Buchan ◽  
Katrina Morrison

Community Justice Authorities (CJAs) were heralded on their inception as modernizing Scotland’s community justice system and resolving longstanding tensions between central and local government over community justice control, by encouraging partnership working and providing oversight at a regional level. However, they were largely unsuccessful and were quietly abolished barely a decade later. Using data from two projects, we analyse the policy ‘narrative’ of CJAs in relation to features of a changing political context – particularly the (re-)establishment of Scotland’s national government, its shifting relationship with local government and policy convergence and divergence with England and Wales. CJAs’ origins in local/national compromise created constitutional flaws which constrained their operation and ultimately sealed their fate, but they nonetheless began to develop distinct identities and contributions which have been largely overlooked. The case of CJAs illustrates how evolving local and national political contexts shape the development of justice institutions.


2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-536
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Wiacek Burmanczuk

This article is to present the principle of open and competitive recruitment for official positions, applicable under the Polish Act on local government employees. The point of departure for the discussion on the provisions of the Act is the Constitution of the Republic of Poland.  Not only has the analysis covered the regulation contained in the Act on employees of local government , but also addressed the relationship between the employer's specific obligation to re-employ the employee on the basis of the provisions of the Polish Labour Code  and the rule of general recruitment for official positions applicable under the Law on local government employees. These considerations are largely of a practical nature, based in particular on the relevant case-law and on the professional experience of the author herself, who is a local government staff member employed as an attorney-at-law in a local government unit of the regional level.


2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
Iwona Pomianek

The paper presents opinions of local government authorities on determinants of local entrepreneurship development. The research conducted in 2017 in rural and urban-rural municipalities of Warmińsko-Mazurskie Voivodship (Poland) shows that among the locational conditions for entrepreneurship development the tourist attractiveness was rated as the highest. Infrastructural conditions were assessed as favourable while such features of the residents as education level, age or qualifications were satisfactory for the respondents. Protected natural areas, popular in the analysed region, were both a barrier and an opportunity for entrepreneurship development. Moreover, self-government activities were evaluated as good on the local level, and satisfactory on the regional level.


2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Anni Jäntti ◽  
Hanna Maria Vakkala ◽  
Lotta-Maria Sinervo

In this article, we focus on the challenges for local self-government in Finland. Finnish legislation follows the Articles of the European Charter of Local self-government rather closely. We illustrate how the role of local government as service provider has led to a situation where municipalities are strictly steered by and financially dependent on the national government. Besides this, the burden of public services exposes local government to reforms. Current local government reform by national government challenges local self-government by establishing a regional level of governance. However, it can also bring opportunities for municipalities to focus more on local tasks and decrease the need for strict steering by the state.


2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 104-111
Author(s):  
Natālija Buile ◽  

Since its establishment in 1923, the Latvian Geographical Society (LGB) has been a non-governmental organisation that brings together geographers and people who are interested in research into nature and human geography. Local history and geography has always been an integral part of the teaching process. Today, the knowledge held by members of the society and the research-based educational work carried out by the society about different cities and regions for the improvement of the study content of Latvian geography is diverse. The Latvian Geographical Society cooperates most extensively with local government, organising seminars and conferences in Latvia at the regional level. This cooperation has helped teachers to schedule lessons and excursions outside the classroom.


Author(s):  
Paweł Brezdeń ◽  
Joanna Drozdowska ◽  
Waldemar Spallek

The paper focuses on selected pro-developmental institutions, related to the public aid granted by local government units, and their impact on the activation of Polish economy. It presents spatial diversity of localization of these institutions, as parks (industrial, technological, scientific and technological ones) and incubators (business and technological ones). The study identifies the conditions of localization and regularity of the spatial distribution of their operation. The authors make an attempt to identify and assess the impact of the analyzed institutions on the activation of Polish economy at the local and regional level, and their effectiveness in solving economic problems.Keywords: pro-developmental institutions, technology park, business incubator, technology incubator, activation of economy.


Author(s):  
I.Gusti.Gede Heru Marwanto ◽  
Suwarno Suwarno

AbstractDecentralization era brings more slice economy cakes to the local/regional level. However, the authority which given to the local government does not directly enhance local investment. Local bureaucracy still hampers the investment, but several local governments can reform their bureaucracy affecting the easiness of doing business at the local level. This paper presents the best practices of local government to initiate innovation in their business license office according to local needs. At least, those innovations come up with the thesis that there is no one size fits all. Decentralization is about to bring policy close to the most in need and come up with the variation. Keywords: Regional Bureaucratic Reform, Decentralization, Local Investment, Innovation, Business License Office


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 67-77
Author(s):  
Sergei Baranets ◽  

The article proceeds from the concept of understanding local government in Russia as a projection of the potestar (pre-state) organization of public life, which transforms under the dominance of methods of state organization of public life, but retains its influence as the essential core of political and social interaction between people. The existing complex «state-municipal» mechanism for exercising power at the local level largely determines the forms and nature of political actors’ interaction at the regional level. State authorities, which are focused on the totality of their own administrative influences, have not yet succeeded in fully integrating local self-government into the general public space of responsibility for powers, since local power is unbuilt initially on the principles of autogenesis, autochthony and autonomy. The current situation contributes to the archaicism of a part of social relations. For some time now, to work in the multidimensional reality of society, the authorities have begun to need analytical models to understand what is happening. As an explanatory theoretical basis for the modes of existence of local authorities developed and described by the author in the current stage of development of Russian statehood, a modal methodology is used, supplemented by the results of constructing model-oriented political ontologies, which reflect the aggregates of the layers and actors of the municipal sphere of sociopolitical reality at the regional level that are actually and actively present in the Russian society. The author is interested in searching the patterns that operate in the environment created and cultivated by the organizational and activity efforts of state structures against the background of sociocultural and other characteristics inherent in the regions. Possible working models for the needs of public administration arising from the modes offered by the author are still under development, since the reform of constitutional rules proposed by the country’s leadership raises the question of new forms of organizing the continuum of coexistence and interaction of local and state authorities in Russia. The article outlines the main research lines that indicate a number of features and reference points of the author’s approach in understanding the relationship between local government and municipal government, which may serve as an occasion for a new circle of discussions of specialists interested in the prospects for the development of political potential in the Russian municipal environment.


2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 679-696
Author(s):  
Suncana Slijepcevic

European countries have been continuously under the pressure to improve public balances and efficiency of public spending. Economic crisis which started during 2007 weakened public finances at the state and local level in countries all over the world. In Croatia local government budgets are still below the pre-crisis level in many local government units. This paper empirically examines efficiency of public expenditures at the regional level. Performance has been investigated by developing a composite indicator of output. Spending efficiency at the regional level was analysed using Data Envelopment Analysis methodology. Results suggest that there are large differences at the regional level in using resources to provide public services. The results show that the local government units in the least efficient county should on average decrease their expenses by 55 percent, while achieving the same performance to become efficient.


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