YIELD OF WINTER WHEAT WHEN USING DIRECT SEEDING IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE ROSTOV REGION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.I. Ilchenko ◽  
◽  
O.A. Biryukova ◽  
A.V. Kucherenko ◽  
A.M. Medvedeva
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Southern Zone ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
No Till

The article presents the results of a three-year study of the effect of mineral fertilizers on the yield of winter wheat in the No-till system in the soil and climatic conditions of the southern zone of the Rostov region. The combined introduction of ammophos and kalimagnesia before sowing with two fertilizing with ammonium nitrate in the tillering and outlet phases of the tube helps to improve the nutritional regime of the soil and ensures maximum yield of winter wheat.

scholarly journals Combined application of organomineral and mineral fertilizers in the fertilization system of winter wheat on the southern black soil of the Lower Don

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Artem Vladimirovich Ermilov ◽  
Roman Aleksandrovich Kamenev ◽  
Anatoly Petrovich Solodovnikov ◽  
Vladimir Nikolaevich Maksimchuk
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
Fertilization System

The article presents an analysis of the determination of the effectiveness of mineral and organic fertilizers on the yield of winter wheat grain. The studies were carried out in 2017–2020 in the Rostov region on the southern chernozem. The object of research was the Doneko winter wheat variety. The predecessor is corn for grain. Ammonium nitrate, ANP fertilizer (16-16-16) and urea were used as mineral fertilizers, which were applied in the fertilization system of winter wheat and acted as a background option in the experimental scheme. ANP fertilizer (16-16-16) was introduced when sowing winter wheat, ammonium nitrate - scattered over thawed-frozen soil and carbamide in the heading phase by foliar method. Organomineral fertilizers were represented by the following types: Ruther, Leili 2000, Siamino Pro, Gumiful Pro, Soft Guard and Double Wine MKR (monocaliphosphate) produced by Biokepharm (Switzerland). The raw material for the production of organomineral fertilizers was the algae of the warm seas Laminaria. In the field experiment, the options for the joint application of foliar application and pre-sowing seed treatment with organomineral fertilizers were also studied. The control was the option without mineral fertilizers and the option with the background of the use of mineral fertilizers (farm fertilization system). It was found out that the use of organic fertilizers Ruter (0.5 or 0.25 l / t) and Leyli (0.25 l / t) for seed treatment before sowing, the use of Soft Guard (0.2 l / ha) and Gumiful Pro ( 0.2 l / ha) in the spring tillering phase and in the flag leaf phase against the background of sowing nitroammophoska at a dose of N32P32K32, random fertilizing on thawed-frozen soil with ammonium nitrate at a dose of N40 and the use of carbamide in the heading phase at a dose of N20 increased grain yield on average for 2018–2020 compared with the control (fertilization system of the farm) by 0.73 t / ha, or 23.0%. The maximum yield increase from the root-forming agent Ruther, used for pre-sowing seed treatment, reached 0.36 t / g, or 11.3%.  

scholarly journals Influence of direct seeding on the yield of agricultural cultures in the Rostov Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
Gregory Vasilyevich Mokrikov ◽  
Tatiana Vladimirovna Minnikova ◽  
Kamil Shagidullovich Kazeev ◽  
Sergey Ilyich Kolesnikov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Motor Fuel ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Traditional Technology ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Russian Agriculture ◽  
Direct Sowing

Tillage technologies that promote resource conservation and increase crop yields, especially in conditions of dry climate, are increasingly being introduced into the Russian agriculture. However, taking into account a diversity of soil and climatic conditions in Russia, it is necessary to study the agro-ecological state of agro landscapes. In Russia, in recent years, an increase in the yield of winter wheat and sunflower has been observed. From 2014 to 2018 in production conditions in the Rostov Region, the effect of direct sowing technology (No-Till) on the yield of winter wheat and sunflower was studied. The yield of sunflower and winter wheat largely depended on the amount of precipitation during the critical growing season of each agricultural crop. In 2014-2017 the yield of winter wheat in agrocenoses using direct sowing technology increased by 26-114%, sunflower by 27-92% compared with the traditional technology. The authors show that direct seeding compared to traditional technology of dump plowing (traditional tillage) contributes to saving motor fuel, increasing crop yields and lowering the cost of the main crops of the Rostov Region: winter wheat and sunflower.

scholarly journals Application of Organomineral Fertilizers to Winter Wheat in the Rostov Region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artyom Yermilov ◽  
Roman Kamenev ◽  
Vladimir Turchin ◽  
Vera Kameneva
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Southern Chernozem ◽  
Cereal Plants

Modern crop cultivation technologies are based on various methods of seed and plant treatment using environmentally friendly drugs that stimulate growth and the development of the plants, and increase their productivity and stress resistance. It has been established that the use of organic fertilizers positively affects the vital signs, yield and grain quality of cereal plants. When cultivating winter wheat on the southern chernozem of the Kamensky district (in the Rostov region), the organic fertilizers Router (0.5 or 0.25 l / ton) and Leyli (0.25 l / ton) were used for seed treatment, and Soft Guard (0.2 l / ha) and Humiful Pro (0.2 l / ha) were used in spring tillering and in the flag leaf phase against the background of mineral nitrogen fertilizers in a dose of N32P32K32; the frozen-thawed soil was fertilized with ammonium nitrate in a dose of N40 and foliar fertilization was conducted with carbamide in the heading phase using a dose of N20. This increased the average grain yield by 64.2-64.8% compared with the control variant and by 31.4-32.4% compared with the use of mineral fertilizers. The maximum yield gain was achieved by using the soft-root organic fertilizers Soft Guard (0.2 l / ha) and Gumiful Pro (0.2 l / ha) against the background of mineral fertilizers and seed treatments with Router (0.5 l / ton). Keywords: winter wheat, southern chernozem, organic fertilizers

scholarly journals Optimization of nitrogen top dressing of the winter wheat at growing on the bare fallow

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-262
Author(s):  
I. I. Gasanova ◽  
M. V. Yerashova ◽  
T. M. Pedash
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Yielding Capacity ◽  
Bare Fallow

The influence of nitrogen top dressing on the yielding capacity and grain quality of modern varieties of soft winter wheat in the Northern Steppe were discovered. The field trial was placed on the bare fallow. The rate of application of mineral fertilizers under presowing cultivation was N30P60K30. Three varieties of winter wheat was sown: Kokhanka (SI The Institute of Grain Crops), Pylypivka and Misiia Odeska (Selection and Genetic Institute). The sowing time of the winter wheat is September 20, the sowing rate is 5 million germinable seeds per 1 ha. The following nitrogenous fertilizers were used for the top dressings: ammonium nitrate and carbamide. Ammonium nitrate was applied at the end of the spring tillering stage by means of a seeder locally (30 and 60 kg/ha of active substance) end carbamide (30 kg/ha of active substance) and a tank mixture of carbamide (30 kg/ha of active substance) and fungicide Falcon (600 ml/ha) – in the earing phase foliar. It is established that top dressing of the winter wheat crops at the end of the tillering stage locally with ammonium nitrate contributed to an increase in yield of varieties by 0,34–0,64 t/ha, moreover the maximum yield gains were for the application of fertilizers in the rate of 60 kg/ha of nitrogen. A significant increase in yielding capacity was provided by the treatment of crops in the earing stage with the tank mixture of carbamide and fungicide. Nitrogen top dressings, as a rule, had a positive effect on both the physical indicators of the winter wheat grain (grain weight per hectoliter and vitreousness) and biochemical indicators (protein content, gluten content, sedimentation rate). It is found, that the varieties Kokhanka and Pylypivka in all variants of the experiment formed the grain weight per hectoliter over 800 g/l. In these varieties the content of protein and gluten were higher. In the strong grain quality varieties Misiia Odeska and Pylypivka in comparison with the variety Kokhanka (valuable) were noted higher values of sedimentation. According to the set of indicators, food grain of the second class was obtained in Kokhanka variety in the variant where the tank mixture of carbamide with fungicide was used for crop treatment, and in Pylypivka variety – for top dressings of crops at the end of tillering stage locally (N30–60) or N30 foliar. Keywords: winter wheat, variety, bare fallow, nitrogen fertilization, yielding capacity, protein, gluten.

INFLUENCE OF THE METHOD OF PROCESSING LIGHT-GRAY FOREST SOILS ON THE CLOVER LAYER OF THE FIRST YEAR OF USE ON THE YIELD OF WINTER WHEAT OF « MOSKOVSKAYA 39 VARIETY» IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE NIZHNY NOVGOROD REGION

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Е. V. Mikhalev ◽  
◽  
N.А. Borisov ◽  
N. А. Mineeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
First Year ◽  
Traditional Technology ◽  
No Till ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield

The research aim is to identify the most energy-saving and cost-effective technology for winter wheat cultivation. The maximum moisture content of soil was recorded when it was processed using Mini-till technology – from 17.2% to 17.9%, and the lowest - with traditional technology – from 15.7% to 16.4%. The lowest soil density with traditional winter wheat technology is both on the background with fertilizer (1.18%) and on the background without fertilizer (1.21%). The lowest contamination of crops with traditional technology without mineral fertilizers (42 pcs/м2). With the Mini-till technology, the total blockage increased to 51pcs/м2, and with the No-till technology, it was maximum- 128 pcs/м2. Against the mineral fertilizers, the same tendency of total blockage-from – from 40 pcs/м2 to 132 pcs/м2, respectively. With No-till technology, the total plant damage increased from 17.0 % to 14.6 %, with traditional treatment – from 12.4% to 10.1%, and with Mini-till technology-from 12.7% to 9.6%. The yield of winter wheat when using traditional plowing against the background of mineral fertilizer is 3.59 t / ha, and against the background without mineral fertilizer – 2.24 t / ha. The yield of Mini-till technology for mineral background is 3.13 t / ha, and without fertilizers-1.81 t / ha. With the No-till technology, the winter wheat yield is 1.69 t/ha, and without fertilizers – 1.11 t/ha. The highest level of profitability with Mini-till technology against the background of mineral fertilizers-73.2%.

scholarly journals Mineral and organic fertilization efficiency in long-term stationary experiments

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 28-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Černý ◽  
J. Balík ◽  
M. Kulhánek ◽  
K. Čásová K ◽  
V. Nedvěd
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Organic Fertilization

In long-term stationary experiments under different soil-climatic conditions, an influence of mineral and organic fertilization on yield of winter wheat, spring barley and potato tubers was evaluated. Statistically significantly lowest grain yields of winter wheat (4.00 t/ha) and spring barley (2.81 t/ha) were obtained in non-fertilized plots at all experimental sites. In the case of potatoes, the lowest yield of dry matter (5.71 t/ha) was recorded in the control plot, but the result was not statistically significant. The manure-fertilized plot gave the average yield of wheat higher by 30%, of barley by 22%. Application of sewage sludge resulted in wheat yield higher by 41% and barley yield higher by 26% over control. On average, application of sewage sludge and manure increased the yield of potatoes by 30% over control. The highest yield was obtained after application of mineral fertilizers; average yield increased by 59, 50 and 36% in winter wheat, spring barley and potatoes, respectively. No statistically significant differences among the plots with mineral fertilizers were observed. At different sites, the yield of studied crops varied; however, the effect of fertilization on yield increments was similar at all experimental sites except for Lukavec. It is the site with the lowest natural soil fertility, and it showed the highest effect of the applied fertilizers.

scholarly journals Influence of microbial preparations and mineral fertilizers on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Chaikovskaya ◽  
◽  
V.V. Klyuchenko ◽  
M.I. Baranskaya ◽  
O.L. Ovsienko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Biological Farming

The use of biological products based on effective strains of microorganisms with a range of useful properties is one of the aspects of biological farming. The long-term field experiments were conducted in the soil and climatic conditions of the Crimea. А positive effect of the combined use of mineral fertilizers (NPK calculated at P30) and pre-sown inoculation of seeds (biopreparation based on L. nimipressuralis CCM 32-3) on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain was shown. The increase in grain productivity of winter wheat by 31 % compared to control (on average for 3 years) and grain quality indicators: protein and gluten – up to 12.5% and 28.0 % (in the control 9.9% and 19.2%, respectively) was revealed.

scholarly journals The influence of light-gray forest soil tillage systems on biological activity of the soil and productivity of pea in the Nizhny Novgorod region

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Ivenin ◽  
A. P. Sakov
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Biological Preparation ◽  
No Till ◽  
Nizhny Novgorod Region ◽  
Moldboard Plow

The research was conducted in 2017-2018 in the Nizhny Novgorod region on light-gray forest soil in the link of “spring wheat-pea” crop rotation. The article presents the results of study of the influence of soil tillage systems (traditional moldboard tillage with moldboard plow; non-moldboard “deep” tillage with boardless plow; non-moldboard “shallow” tillage with chisel cultivator Pottinger Synkro 5030 K; minimum tillage with disc harrow XM 44660 NOTHAD; zero tillage (No-till) with grain drill Sunflower 9421-20, mineral fertilizers (N60P60K60 kg of active ingredient) and straw destructors (ammonium nitrate in the dose of N10 kg of active ingredient per 1 t of straw and biological preparation  Stimix®Niva 2 ltr/ha) on the change in the indicator of biological activity of the soil and the yield of pea variety Krasivy. In the conditions of insufficient precipitation of the growing season of 2018, No-till technology resulted in a decrease in the average biological activity of the soil  by the tillage systems under study in pea plantings of Krasivy variety: by 6.3 % (from 18.6 to 12.3 %) compared to the traditional moldboard tillage system with moldboard plow; by 4.7 % (from 17.0 to 12.3 %) compared to the non-moldboard “deep” tillage with boardless plow; by 3.5 % (from 15.8 to 12.3 %) compared to the non-moldboard "shallow" tillage with a chisel cultivator; by 4.9 % (from 17.2 to 12.3 %) compared to the minimum processing with disk harrow. The use of the biological preparation Stimix®Niva as a straw destructor in arid conditions of 2018 was more effective than the use of ammonium nitrate in field test variants without application of mineral fertilizers (N60P60K60). The biological activity of the soil increased on fall plowing with moldboard plow by 3.8 % (20.8 and 17.0% respectively); on fall plowing with boardless plow by 5.3 % (18. 8 and 13.5 %); on minimum tillage with a disc harrow by 4.8 % (18.9 and 14.1 %). Under the weather conditions of 2018, the highest yield of Krasivy pea variety was obtained in the variant of field experiment where fall plowing with soil overturning to the depth of 20-22 cm with the use of ammonium nitrate as a straw destructor in a dose of 10 kg of active ingredient per 1 ton of straw was used as basic cultivation. The use of mineral fertilizers (N60P60K60) by this system of soil tillage in dry conditions did not affect the yield of Krasivy pea variety (2.70-of 2.76 t/ha). When using the No-till technology of pea production, the obtained yield in the conditions of the Nizhny Novgorod region in 2018 ranged from 0.74 to 2.24 t/ha.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL EFFICIENCY OF PERENNIAL LEGUMES AS PRECURSORS OF WINTER WHEAT GROWN IN THE CONDITIONS OF AGRICULTURAL LAND POLLUTION WITH HEAVY METALS

2020 ◽  
pp. 167-176
Author(s):  
Serhii Razanov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Intensive Farming

The aim of the research was to study the effect of the inclusion of different types of perennial leguminous plants as winter wheat precursors in the crop rotation on the rate of accumulation of heavy metals in the soil compared to traditional winter wheat predecessors. The objectives of the research are to develop measures to reduce the accumulation of heavy metals in agricultural soils under conditions of modern crop rotation, limited by the number of crops grown and winter wheat. The accumulations of heavy metals in soils were calculated during the cultivation of the main crops of crop rotation with intensive fertilizer. The concentration of heavy metals in the soil was determined before and after the cultivation of legume precursors. Field studies were carried out during 2013-2017. On gray podzolized medium loamy soils of the Agronomichesky Research Institute of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University. We calculated the volumes of heavy metals with optimal rates of mineral fertilizer application for the most common types of crops grown in crop rotation. Four types of perennial grasses were sown: sowing alfalfa, meadow clover, horned lamb, sainfoin and eastern goatskin. After their four years of use, winter wheat was sown. The control was the predecessors in the following sequence: winter wheat - sunflower - winter wheat - corn. Laboratory studies of the content of mobile forms of heavy metals in soil were carried out in the Vinnytsia branch of the State Center for the Protection of Soil Fertility. Analysis of soil contamination with heavy metals during fertilization of major cereals showed that the amount of mineral fertilizers is from 257 kg/ha to 571 kg/ha for ammonium nitrate, from 175 to 225 kg/ha for double superphosphate and from 58 to 75 kg/ha on potassium chloride. According to the volume of mineral fertilizers used in the cultivation of winter wheat, 1944 mg / ha of lead and 339 mg / ha of cadmium enter the soil. Of these, with ammonium nitrate - 51.4% and 7.4%, respectively, with double superphosphate - 39.6% and 41.3% and with potassium chloride - 9.0% and 51.3%. When growing corn per 1 ha with mineral fertilizers, 2357 mg of lead and 434 mg of cadmium are applied, of which with ammonium nitrate - 48.4% and 6.7%, respectively, with double superphosphate - 42% and 41% and with potassium chloride. - 9.6% and 51.8%. Cultivation of spring barley leads to the receipt of mineral fertilizers to soils 1458 mg/ha of lead and 327 mg/ha of cadmium, of which with ammonium nitrate - respectively 35.2% and 4.0%, with double superphosphate - 52.8% and 42.8% and with potassium chloride - 12.0% and 53.2%. Mineral fertilization of winter rape leads to the entry into the soil per 1 ha of 2223 mg of lead and 390 mg of cadmium, of which with ammonium nitrate - respectively 51.4% and 7.4%, with double superphosphate - 39.6% and 41% and with potassium chloride - 9.0% and 51.5%. With mineral fertilizers for growing sunflower in the soil per 1 ha gets 2073 mg of lead and 427 mg of cadmium, of which with ammonium nitrate - respectively 41.4% and 5.2%, double superphosphate - 47.8% and 42.2 % and potassium chloride - 10.8% and 52.6%. The positive effect of growing leguminous perennial herbs on the decrease in the concentration of heavy metals in the soil and grain of winter wheat has been established. Under the conditions of intensive farming by Vinnitskaya, lead and cadmium fall into the soil for the use of mineral fertilizers in accordance with 1944 mg/ha and 339 mg/ha for growing winter wheat, 2357 mg/ha and 434 mg/ha for growing corn, 1458 mg/ha and 327 mg/ha when growing spring barley, 2223 mg/ha and 390 mg/ha when growing sunflower. The four-year cultivation of perennial leguminous grasses under intensive farming reduced the concentration of lead in the soil from 1.33 to 3.2 times and cadmium from 37 to 54 times compared with cereal crops, which contributed to improving the quality of winter wheat grain by reducing the concentration of lead from 1 7 to 2.4 times and cadmium from 1.4 times to 2.1 times. Key words: legumes, precursors, winter wheat, heavy metals, pollution.

scholarly journals Influence of the level of mineral nutrition and complex agrotechnical techniques on seed productivity and quality of new potato varieties of different maturity groups in specific soil and climatic conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
L. K. Сhehalkova ◽  
A. M. Konova ◽  
A. Yu. Gavrilova
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Seed Potatoes ◽  
Early Ripening

Relevance. The aim was to study the reaction of new potato varieties early ripening group Zabava and middle-ripening group Smolyanochka on the timing of planting and doses of mineral fertilizers for obtaining maximum yield of seed potatoes. As mineral fertilizers used azophoska, superphosphate and potassium chloride.Results. It was found that the variety Zabava compared to the variety Smolyanochka, had a higher stem-forming ability and exceeded the parameters of the stem in all variants of the experiment. This is due to the biological characteristics of the studied varieties, since the Zabava variety, unlike the Smolyanochka variety, had more multiple eyes on the surface of the tuber. Against the background of applying mineral fertilizers N60P72K90, the density of the stem was higher, compared with the background of applying N32P32K32 in both the Zabava variety and the Smolyanochka variety. It should also be noted that there was a tendency to reduce the stem at a later date of planting in all variants of the experiment. The percentage of viral diseases affected increased with later planting dates and was highest with the planting dates of 14 and 20 may. The highest yield of tubers of the seed fraction was obtained in the variant with a planting date of may 14 against the background of balanced doses of mineral fertilizers (N60P72K90) and amounted to 13.3 t/ha in the Zabava variety, 13.0 t/ha in the Smolyanochka variety. It should be noted that different backgrounds of mineral fertilizers did not have a significant impact on the percentage of potato tubers affected by diseases. At the same time, the incidence of tubers with diseases did not exceed the regulatory requirements of GOST R 53136 – 2008 "Seed potatoes. Technical conditions».

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