scholarly journals BINARY LINEAR TRANSFORMATIONS IN MODIFICATIONS OF RSA ALGORITHM OF IMAGES

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
A. M. Kovalchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Image ◽  
Image Plane ◽  
Affine Transformations ◽  
Linear Transformations ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Unauthorized Access ◽  
Stochastic Signal ◽  
Rsa Algorithm ◽  
Vector Module ◽  
The Ideal

The images are one of the most used kinds of the information in modern information company. Therefore actual problems is the organization of protection from unauthorized access and usage. An important characteristic of the image is the presence of contours in the image. The task of contour selection requires the use of operations on adjacent elements that are sensitive to change and suppress areas of constant levels of brightness, that is, contours are those areas where changes occur, becoming light, while other parts of the image remain dark. Mathematically, the ideal outline is to break the spatial function of the brightness levels in the image plane. Therefore, contour selection means finding the most dramatic changes, that is, the maxima of the gradient vector module. This is one of the reasons that the contours remain in the image when encrypted in the RSA system, since the encryption here is based on a modular elevation of some natural number. At the same time, on the contour and on the neighboring contours of the peak villages, the elevation of the brightness value gives an even bigger gap. Problem protect from unauthorized access is by more composite in matching with a problem protect from usage. Basis for organization of protection is the interpretation of the image as stochastic signal. It stipulates carry of methods of encoding of signals on a case of the images. But the images are a specific signal, which one in possesses, is padding to representative selfless creativeness, also by visual selfless creativeness. Therefore to methods of encoding, in case of their usage concerning the images, one more requirement – full noise of the coded image is put forward. It is necessary to make to impossible usage of methods of visual image processing. The algorithm RSA is one of the most used production specifications of encoding of signals. In attitude of the images there are some problems of its encoding, the contours on the coded image are in particular saved. Therefore actual problem is the mining of modification to a method RSA such, that: to supply stability to decoding; to supply full noise of the images. One of pathes of the solution of this problem is usage of affine transformations.

2-D Affine Transformations Cannot Account for Human 3-D Object Classification

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 241-241
Author(s):  
Z Liu
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Closed Form ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Image Plane ◽  
Ideal Observer ◽  
Affine Transformations ◽  
Statistical Efficiency ◽  
Linear Transformations ◽  
Radial Basis

Converging evidence in object recognition has shown that the performance of human observers depends on their familiarity with the appearance of the objects. The degree of this dependence is a function of the inter-object similarity in the object set. The more similar the objects are, the stronger is this dependence, and the more dominant is two-dimensional (2-D) image information. However, the extent to which 3-D structural information is used still remains an area of strong debate. Previously, we showed that all models that allowed 2-D rotations in the image plane of independent 2-D templates were unable to account for human performance in recognising novel object views. Here we derive a closed-form Bayesian ideal observer that gives rise to probably the best possible performance when applying 2-D affine transformations (translation, rotation, scaling, stretching, and other linear transformations) to stored 2-D templates. In addition, we compare human performance with a closed-form derivation that finds the best match between a 2-D template and a 2-D image under 2-D affine transformations. We also compare human performance with a generalised radial basis functions model. This model establishes optimal performance for learned 2-D templates, and then adjusts the variance of its radial basis (Gaussian) functions to achieve best possible performance for novel views of individual objects. We demonstrate that none of these models can account for human performance in 3-D object recognition. Human statistical efficiency for novel views is higher than for learned views, which suggests that 3-D structural information is used by human observers.

scholarly journals Digital Image Denoising Techniques Based on Multi-Resolution Wavelet Domain with Spatial Filters: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 639-651
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdulmaged Ismael ◽  
Muhammet Baykara
Keyword(s):  
Image Denoising ◽  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Wavelet Domain ◽  
Spatial Filters ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Functional Knowledge ◽  
The Ideal

Recently, with the explosion in the number of digital images captured every day in all life aspects, there is a growing demand for more detailed and visually attractive images. However, the images taken by current sensors are inevitably degraded by noise in various fields, such as medical, astrophysics, weather forecasting, etc., which contributes to impaired visual image quality. Therefore, work is needed to reduce noise by preserving the textural, information, and structural features of the image. So far, there are different techniques for reducing noise that various researchers have done. Each technique has its advantages and disadvantages. In this paper, a review of some significant work in the field of image denoising based on that the denoising methods is presented. These methods can be classified as wavelet domain, spatial domain, or both methods can combine to obtain the advantage them. After a brief discussion, the classification of image denoising techniques is explained. A comparative analysis of various image denoising methods is also performed to help researchers in the image denoising area. Besides, standard measurement parameters have been used to compute the results and to evaluate the performance of the used denoising techniques. This review paper aims to provide functional knowledge of image denoising methods in a nutshell for applications using images to provide ease for selecting the ideal strategy according to the necessity.

scholarly journals The ideal structure of idempotent-generated transformation semigroups

1985 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Reynolds ◽  
R. P. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Vector Space ◽  
Dimensional Vector ◽  
Boolean Ring ◽  
Ideal Structure ◽  
Transformation Semigroups ◽  
Linear Transformations ◽  
Dimensional Vector Space ◽  
Finite Dimensional Vector Space ◽  
Finite Dimensional ◽  
The Ideal

Let X be a set and the semigroup (under composition) of all total transformations from X into itself. In ([6], Theorem 3) Howie characterised those elements of that can be written as a product of idempotents in different from the identity. We gather from review articles that his work was later extended by Evseev and Podran [3, 4] (and independently for finite X by Sullivan [15]) to the semigroup of all partial transformations of X into itself. Howie's result was generalized in a different direction by Kim [8], and it has also been considered in both a topological and a totally ordered setting (see [11] and [14] for brief summaries of this latter work). In addition, Magill [10] investigated the corresponding idea for endomorphisms of a Boolean ring, while J. A. Erdos [2] resolved the analogous problem for linear transformations of a finite–dimensional vector space.

scholarly journals A Visual Rhetoric Study on the Plastic Pollution Issues in National Geographic

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengpeng Li
Keyword(s):  
Visual Rhetoric ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
Visual Media ◽  
Media Representation ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
National Geographic ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Meaning Production ◽  
The Ideal

This study uses the National Geographic as the research sample, and focuses on the analysis of the visual image of the environmental risk issue of "plastic pollution". Not only does it classify and sort out which image symbols used in media risk reproduction, but also discusses how the text uses, invokes and activates image information, combines "illustrations" with textual discussions, and analyzes its meaning production process and framework. The research conclusions show that public communication on plastic pollution issues in National Geographic by means of visual media representation and symbol construction, mainly using photojournalism and design creation to expose the social aspects of risks (phenomena and problems) to the public. Also, it presents and tells readers the reality (source and essence) of risks in a scientific and simple manner, and inform the public of the ideal aspects of risks (practical methods), and guide the public to engage and participate in environmentally friendly actions.

scholarly journals Visualizing Superman: Artistic Strategizing in Early Representations of the Archetypal Man in Comic Books

Arts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Bar Leshem
Keyword(s):  
Major Part ◽  
Comic Books ◽  
Comic Book ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
Visual Design ◽  
Book Art ◽  
Essential Factor ◽  
Philosophy And Literature ◽  
Book Publishers ◽  
The Ideal

In 1933, Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster, two Jewish teenagers from Ohio, fashioned an ideal personality called Superman and a narrative of his marvelous deeds. Little did they suspect that several years after conceptualizing the figure and their many vain attempts to sell the story to various comic book publishers, their creation would give rise to the iconic genre of comic book superheroes. There is no doubt that the Superman character and the accompanying narrative led to Siegel and Shuster, the writer and artist, respectively, becoming famous. However, was it only the appealing character and compelling narrative that accounted for the story’s enormous popularity, which turned its creators into such a celebrated pair, or did the visual design play a major part in that phenomenal success? Recent years have seen a burgeoning interest in the comic book medium in several disciplines, including history, philosophy, and literature. However, little has been written about its visual aspect, and comic book art has not yet been accorded much recognition among art historians. Since the integration of storyline and art is what allow the comic book medium to be unique and interesting, I contend that there should be a focus on the art as well as on the narrative of works in comic books. In the present study, I explore the significance of the visual image in the prototype of the Superman figure that Siegel and Schuster sold to DC Comics and its first appearance in the series American Comic Books. I argue that although the popularity of Superman’s first appearance was due to the conceptual ideals that the character embodied, the visual design of the ideal man was also an essential factor in its success. Accordingly, through a discussion of the first published Superman storyline, I emphasize the artistic-visual value of the figure of this protagonist in particular and the comic book medium in general.

scholarly journals Formation assessment of the professional competences of electrical engineers specialists

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-51
Author(s):  
Oleksii Petrovych Chornyi ◽  
◽  
Larysa Vitaliivna Herasymenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Students ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
Simultaneous Presentation ◽  
Professional Competencies ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Educational Standard

The article considers the actual problem of pedagogical diagnostics of the formation of professional competencies of engineering students. Based on a thorough analysis of the educational and professional program "Electrotechnics, electric power engineering and electromechanics" twelve professional competencies were identified, they were correlated with the program results defined in the state standard and possible diagnostic tools were proposed, such as tasks on virtual stands, tasks on physical stands, professional-focused tasks. Such an approach was due to the understanding that professional competencies are cross-curricular in nature, and the possession of them involves not only acquired knowledge, skills and abilities, but also the ability to use them in future professional activities, understanding its content and having the ability to overcome problems arising in production. A method of assessment of professional competencies is proposed, which is based on the principle of differentiation and foresees testing each specific competence using three diagnostic tools, which provided the identification of the level of the fundamental and practical knowledge, ability to work with equipment and solve unusual situations that may arise in production. The following methods were used in the study. Theoretical - analysis and synthesis of research related to pedagogical diagnostics, works in which methods of information visualization are analyzed; design for the development of a program-designer "star of competencies" using the software package MATLAB. Empirical - expert assessment to identify tools for diagnosing the formation of professional competencies common among teachers; diagnostics of formation of professional competences of students by means of testing, interrogation. The visual image of the "competence star" is offered, which allowed to solve a number of tasks: to provide ease and speed of perception of the learning outcome; informational content due to the simultaneous presentation of the results of the formation of twelve competencies and the ability to analyze each separately; to realize better the level of achievements according to the formation of the program results defined in the educational standard.

scholarly journals RSA ALGORITHM ELEMENTS IN TERNARY AFFINE TRANSFORMATIONS IN ENCRYPTION-DECRYPTION OF IMAGES

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Kovalchuk ◽  
◽  
Nataliia Lotoshynska ◽  
Mariia Podavalkina ◽  
Khrystyna Pelekh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Affine Transformations ◽  
Rsa Algorithm ◽  
Encryption Decryption

The Ideal Structure of Semigroups of Linear Transformations with Lower Bounds on Their Nullity or Defect

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. 109-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzana Mendes-Gonçalves ◽  
R. P. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Vector Space ◽  
Left Ideal ◽  
Lower Bounds ◽  
Dimensional Vector ◽  
Ideal Structure ◽  
Linear Transformations ◽  
Dimensional Vector Space ◽  
Infinite Dimensional ◽  
Maximal Regular Subsemigroup ◽  
The Ideal

Suppose V is an infinite-dimensional vector space and let T(V) denote the semigroup (under composition) of all linear transformations of V. In this paper, we study the semigroup OM(p,q) consisting of all α ∈ T(V) for which dim ker α ≥ q and the semigroup OE(p,q) of all α ∈ T(V) for which codim ran α ≥ q, where dim V = p ≥ q ≥ ℵ0. It is not difficult to see that OM(p,q) and OE(p,q) are a right ideal and a left ideal of T(V), respectively, and using these facts, we show that they belong to the class of all semigroups whose sets of bi-ideals and quasi-ideals coincide. Also, we describe Green's relations and the two-sided ideals of each semigroup, and determine its maximal regular subsemigroup. Finally, we determine some maximal right cancellative subsemigroups of OE(p,q).

scholarly journals Affine-transformation invariant clustering models

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsin-Hsiung Huang ◽  
Jie Yang
Keyword(s):  
Aerial Photography ◽  
Affine Transformation ◽  
Genomic Data ◽  
Feature Space ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Similarity Matrix ◽  
Affine Transformations ◽  
Linear Transformations ◽  
Number Of Clusters ◽  
Metropolis Hasting Algorithm

Abstract We develop a cluster process which is invariant with respect to unknown affine transformations of the feature space without knowing the number of clusters in advance. Specifically, our proposed method can identify clusters invariant under (I) orthogonal transformations, (II) scaling-coordinate orthogonal transformations, and (III) arbitrary nonsingular linear transformations corresponding to models I, II, and III, respectively and represent clusters with the proposed heatmap of the similarity matrix. The proposed Metropolis-Hasting algorithm leads to an irreducible and aperiodic Markov chain, which is also efficient at identifying clusters reasonably well for various applications. Both the synthetic and real data examples show that the proposed method could be widely applied in many fields, especially for finding the number of clusters and identifying clusters of samples of interest in aerial photography and genomic data.

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