scholarly journals MILL ON THE SOUTH BUG RIVER IN THE CITY OF MEDZHYBIZH

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (13) ◽  
pp. 9-27
Author(s):  
Іnna Аkmen ◽  
Kyrylo Bozhko ◽  
Tetiana Kutsenko ◽  
Mariia Rusanova
Keyword(s):  
City Planning ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Industrial Culture ◽  
Industrial Object ◽  
National University ◽  
Military Unit ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The City ◽  
Water Mill

Mills located on the waterways of Ukraine still remain little-explored architectural monuments. The main waterway of Podillya is Southern Bug River, which is quite fast and overflowing. Being associated with the activities of mankind, the water mill was not only an industrial object, but also mythological and mysterious and had a distinctive architecture and bright decorated facades, which often distinguished it from other buildings in the city. The mill in Medzhibozh on the Southern Bug is the oldest building in the region. M. Hrushevsky pointed out the important fortification function of the mill during the siege of the city. F. Vovk and M. Sumtsov studied mills as an ethnographic component of people's life, and according to S. Taranushenko, mills together with bell towers and churches determined the nature of Ukrainian monumental folk architecture and were the main accents in village or city planning. Modern researches by M. Dolynska and R. Mohytych localize topography and investigate economic significance of mills. The Medzhibizh mill stands in the area of the upper Pobuzhye in the zone of flooding of the Southern Bug and Buzhok rivers in a wide swampy ravine. Iconography and cartography depicting the mill is uncommon, from the first drawing to reproduction in postcards and photographs there are about 10 fixations. The water mill in Medzhibozh, Khmelnytsky region, which is now in a terrible state, was explored in the summer of 2019 by an expedition of Kharkiv National University of Construction and Architecture led by PhD in architecture I.R. Akmen, T.D. Kutsenko, M.V. Rusanova. Research of the object aw well as architectural and archeological measurements are stored in the archives of the State Historical and Cultural Reserve "Mezhibizh". According to the existing appearance of the dilapidated mill with the remains of industrial culture, carrying out historical and architectural-archaeological research, as well as looking at the iconographic material, it was determined that from its inception to the state of the XXI century. the construction of the mill went through four stages: the period of active construction of the city by Mykola Senyavsky and the time of the Polish-Turkish wars (1540–1699); the period of activity of the Senyavsky family, who restored the castle and fortifications (1699–1727); the period of the Czartoryski economy and the transfer of Medzhibozh to a military unit of the Russian Empire (1730–1941); period of perestroika in the postwar period to the end of the XXbeginning of the XXI century.

scholarly journals HARMONISATION OF THE VILNIUS URBAN DEVELOPMENT: PROBLEMS AND TRENDS OF ACTIONS

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranciškus Juškevičius
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
The Law ◽  
The City

The article provides the analysis of the evolution of the planning principals and physical development of the City since 1988 when the state determined planning was mandatory, covering the period since the adoption of the Law on Territorial Planning up to the present date when the City operates in the market economy conditions. The controversy of the City planning and development is pointed out, as well as the necessity to liberalise and harmonise the process.

Private initiative and professional communities as a factor of construction law formation in the Russian Empire

2019 ◽  
pp. 447-455
Author(s):  
Mustafa Ahmed Jasem Jasem
Keyword(s):  
City Planning ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
The State ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Private Initiative ◽  
Draw Conclusion ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Construction Law

This work is the first in a series of materials devoted to the forms of manifestation of private and public initiative in the construction law of Russia during the empire and the Soviet period. We center on the phenome-non of “private initiative” as a factor in city formation and construction law. The strength of this factor is illustrated by separate plots of the city-planning policy of the Russian Empire and local lore historical material. We actualize the problem of representation forms of private initiative and public inquiries. Factors of the construction law formation, besides objectively existing legis-lative activity of the state and the rule-making activities of local authorities, were the proposals of the professional community. We analyze the forms of such proposals (appeals) to the authorities in the context of the active formation of civic consciousness of the intellectual professional elite of Russia concerning city-planning activities and city-planning regulation. Private initiative is understood as a psychological, normative-generating base of social relations, which are the basis for the current complex of city-planning activity regulators. We draw conclusion about the representation of private public inquiries for a comfortable urban living environment in the form of proposals by the professional community to the state, which were formulated imperatively. We draw conclusion about the specific applied nature of legislative proposals in the field of city-planning regulation, which were generated by technical experts and territorial representatives.

scholarly journals SPONTANEOUS AND REGULAR MODELS OF FORTIFIED CITIES OF UKRAINE IN THE 16TH–17TH CENTURIES)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Cherkes B. ◽  
◽  
Lytvynchuk I. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
City Planning ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Design Structure ◽  
Estate Property ◽  
New City ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The City

The Ukrainian frontier lands have introduced the principles of early-modern European urbanism which primarily included a defense component in the 16th–17th centuries. The inventory papers and studies of that time indicate that the presence of defense structures around the settlements was determined by the city status, which gave privileges and responsibilities to defend and keep both the city and castle fortifications. However, the presence of archaic ancient Kievan Rus’ traditions continued in the lands of Podillia up to the 18th century, which is proved by the inventory plans taken by cartographers of the Russian Empire after the Second Partition of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. We distinguish between the two main types of fortifications which formed the basis of urban development and influenced their urban model. The first one is called spontaneous – it was formed without any integral plan; the second type is a regular one – the location of the defense system, market square, and sacral structures was designed according to the carefully developed plan. The basis of our research methodology is the fact that the planning structure of the historic city was invariable during the 16th-17th centuries and the works on the relics of ancient planning that have been preserved up to present (mentioned above cadastral prints). The stability of a design structure depended on the following factors: 1) slow colonization process in the border areas and, as a result, low urban growth 2) insufficient funding of the modernization of urban fortifications by the owner, possessor or the state 3) stable estate property management system which regulated the size of the plots. This systematization indicates that the application of regular principles in the city foundation on the steppe border is an exception rather than the usual phenomenon. On the territory between rivers Dniester and Bug we identified 15 cities and fortifications having features of regular planning, and 148 – spontaneous. Thus, the two models of urban development of the Ukrainian cities located on the steppe border in the 16th–17th centuries are analyzed. The analysis proves a close interrelation between the model of urban development and its defense system. It is defined three plans of urban development of border cities: 1. Conservation of urban planning structure of spontaneous planning due to economic stagnation or inappropriateness in the modernization of urban fortifications (Vinnytsia, Bratslav, Khmilnyk). 2. Development of a new city using the idea in cruda radice according to modern principles of fortifications of the 17th century and principles of regular city planning (Yampil, Rashkiv, Kalush). 3. Combination of old spontaneous and regular model principles of urban development in the process of modernization. The proposed method of identification of city elements by cadastral prints can be used only in combination with a careful evaluation of information on the settlement history, and by comparing it with historical context and events, as well as with a full-scale survey of preserved relics on the area

Whose City Is It Anyway?

2017 ◽  
pp. 182-198
Author(s):  
Innocent Chirisa ◽  
Elmond Bandauko ◽  
Gladys Mandisvika ◽  
Aaron Maphosa ◽  
Liaison Mukarwi
Keyword(s):  
City Planning ◽  
Place Branding ◽  
Collective Responsibility ◽  
The State ◽  
Capital City ◽  
City Branding ◽  
State Control ◽  
Street Vending ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
The City

The purpose of this chapter is describe why and how a multiplicity of especially diverging forces, ‘voices' and rationalities can work against effective place branding. Specifically, it aims to demonstrate by the case of Harare, the capital city of Zimbabwe, that economic hardships are the major place shaper rather than the wishes and marketing strategies that may be put in place by the state. An ailing economy will naturally see the terrain and fabric of a place, in this case, a city deteriorating both in terms of its service performance and in terms of outlook. This is in contrast with the main urban planning philosophies of order, amenity, functionality, aesthetics and convenience. The post-colonial Harare has suffered major blows of trying to retain its vividness and functionality due to a number of forces including state control and interference, the consistently perturbed political economy that explains rising retrenchments, unemployment and underemployment, which has seen the ushering in of rampant informality. Both the state and the non-state actors, including politicians and households have laid claim on the affairs of the city without approaching the same with a sense of place stewardship. Proper city branding presupposes shared visioning and moving on an agreed path and trajectory. However, characteristic of Harare is disparate and fragmented efforts, most of which work against the cause of city branding. Street vending, of late, is the major cancer haemorrhaging the city fabric and outlook. Even the politicians, who have assumed a major seat in the decision-making of the affairs of the city, seem not to agree on the way forward. Although, the city is under the leadership of the opposition – MDC-T councilors, their role has not been subsumed, within the council chambers as one that matters. The councilors have largely been silenced, if not technically, co-opted. The role of physical planning, on the other side of the story, has become increasingly nullified. Some real estate investors are considering reducing their portfolios. The dramatis personæ and the effects it is inflicting on the ground needs adequate scholarly interrogation hence the line of the argument in this paper: Whose city is it anyway? Unless, the city is seen as a collective responsibility), efforts to brand will simply prove futile and a waste of time. Overall, there is an economy that needs first to be fixed and players that need aligning their inspirations, aspirations and actions for achieving a branded city. Planning has to be given its place because it provides a solid foundation upon which actions are built.

Privilege was given to Kamiаnets City by Princes Yuri (George) and Alexander Koriatovych in 1374: Lists and Interpretations

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (6) ◽  
pp. 181-198
Author(s):  
Dmytro Vashchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Russian Translation ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
First Case ◽  
To Come ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The City

The privilege which was given to Kamianets city in Podillia by Princes Yuriy (George) and Alexander Koriatovych in 1374 is quite famous in the scientific community. It is believed that due to this privilege Kamianets received Magdeburg Law. Up to now it only has been preserved in a few lists which were studied in detail by Yu. Sitsinskyi in his work "Podillia under the Rule of Lithuania". According to him two lists were kept in Kamianets Historical and Archaeological Museum: one in the diploma of King August III dated June 17, 1735, the second one in the diploma of King Stanislaw Augustus dated May 29, 1765. Besides in the State Archives of Khmelnytskyi Oblast we managed to come across several lists of this document. We are talking about the fund no. 120 "Podillia Chief Court" which has 4043 units of storage for the period 1796–1831 years. Until 2003 it was stored in Kamianets-Podilskyі City Archive. After the fire which occurred in April 2003 all materials were transported to the State Archives of Khmelnytskyi Oblast and restored. The texts of this privilege are contained in the following cases: 1) Inventory 1, case 3352: The case of lands belonging to the city of Kamianets. Volume 1. It was begun in 1537. It was completed in 1730. It had 240 sheets; 2) Inventory 1, case 1631: concerning the boundaries of Kamianets-Podilskyi city with adjacent possessions and state settlements. Volume 1: It was begun on November, 24 1799. It was completed on June, 11 1800. It had 130 sheets. In the first case we have only one version of the privilege in Polish (no. 1). The document was restored, glued of two parts with an offset of one line. The privilege is dated November 7, 1374. We do not know anything about this list at the moment. In the second case four lists were preserved. Polish versions are on sheets of 20–20 versus (no. 2) and 56–57 versus (no. 3) which had been dated November 7, 1374 and two translations into Russian are on sheets 6–6 versus. (no. 4) 21–22 versus (no. 5) with similar dating. Exactly this case is very interesting since this document had been used in the lawsuit concerning land demarcation in Kamianets-Podilskyi after the capture of Podillia by the Russian Empire in 1793. At the end of the article an academic version of the text privilege in Polish as well as a Russian translation of these archival cases are published.

Planning and its discontents: contradictions and continuities in remaking China's great cities, 1950–2010

Urban History ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 530-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAMUEL Y. LIANG
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Urban Society ◽  
The State ◽  
Formal Structure ◽  
State Governance ◽  
City Plan ◽  
The City ◽  
Theoretical Overview

ABSTRACT:This article offers a theoretical overview of the urbanization legacy of China's great cities since 1949. It shows a persistent contradiction between ideology/planning and urban sprawl/cellular urbanism. The symbolic function of city planning reflects official ideology giving the city a unified formal structure, but the implementation of the city plan is compromised in the process of urban development. The state governance fragments Chinese urban society into emplaced groups. This social division takes effect through the spatial division of various compounds that negotiate with rather than conform to city planning. Using a case-study of Guangzhou's urban development, the article shows how the state-led spatial practices continue in the post-socialist era and how a new kind of developmental ideology informs urban developments.

Changchun: unfinished capital planning of Manzhouguo, 1932–42

Urban History ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
QINGHUA GUO
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
The State ◽  
Urban Fabric ◽  
Built Form ◽  
Capital Planning ◽  
Urban Character ◽  
Symbolic Identity ◽  
The City

The rise and decline of Changchun is examined focusing on its urban character in terms of symbolic identity and built form. Based on an analysis of physical characteristics of the urban fabric and architectural forms of the state buildings, the study explores and identifies the ideological underpinnings of city planning and the methodological sources of architectural design to understand how the city was shaped and why.

scholarly journals The law ensuring of the activities of the accounting and loan committees at the branches of the State Bank of the Russian Empire in the post-reform period (On the materials of the charter of the State Bank of 1860)

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Timur A. Kovrov ◽  
Vladimir S. Okolotin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Loan Repayment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Reform Period ◽  
Merchant Class ◽  
The Law ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The City

This article is devoted to the law ensuring of the activities of the accounting and loan committees at the branches of the State Bank of the Russian Empire in the post-reform period. On May 31 (old style) (June 12 new style), 1860, Emperor Alexander II signed a decree establishing the State Bank of the Russian Empire. At the same time, the charter of the State Bank was adopted. 13 articles of the charter were devoted to the activities of the accounting and loan committees at local branches of the State Bank. The authors cite extracts from these articles of the charter that regulate the activities of the committees and attempt to analyse them. The provisions of the articles of the charter of the State Bank are confirmed by examples from the documents of the State Archives of Ivanovo and Vladimir regions. A study of the articles of the charter showed that industrialists and merchants – representatives of the merchant class of the region of the branch – were approved as the members of the committees at the local branches of the State Bank. Industrialists and traders, who worked as members of the committee at the branch of the State Bank, informed the bank about the state of various branches of trade and industry, they gave recommendations on the issuance of a loan by the bank and they were guarantors of the loan repayment to the bank. For their useful activities for the committee's affairs, the State Bank awarded them with honorary awards, recognising their merits in the public activities of the city. At the end of the article, the authors conclude that the accounting and loan committees at the branches of the State Bank were created and functioned on the basis of the institution of public-private partnership.

Whose City Is It Anyway?

2017 ◽  
pp. 271-287
Author(s):  
Innocent Chirisa ◽  
Elmond Bandauko ◽  
Gladys Mandisvika ◽  
Aaron Maphosa ◽  
Liaison Mukarwi
Keyword(s):  
City Planning ◽  
Place Branding ◽  
Collective Responsibility ◽  
The State ◽  
Capital City ◽  
City Branding ◽  
State Control ◽  
Street Vending ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
The City

The purpose of this chapter is describe why and how a multiplicity of especially diverging forces, ‘voices' and rationalities can work against effective place branding. Specifically, it aims to demonstrate by the case of Harare, the capital city of Zimbabwe, that economic hardships are the major place shaper rather than the wishes and marketing strategies that may be put in place by the state. An ailing economy will naturally see the terrain and fabric of a place, in this case, a city deteriorating both in terms of its service performance and in terms of outlook. This is in contrast with the main urban planning philosophies of order, amenity, functionality, aesthetics and convenience. The post-colonial Harare has suffered major blows of trying to retain its vividness and functionality due to a number of forces including state control and interference, the consistently perturbed political economy that explains rising retrenchments, unemployment and underemployment, which has seen the ushering in of rampant informality. Both the state and the non-state actors, including politicians and households have laid claim on the affairs of the city without approaching the same with a sense of place stewardship. Proper city branding presupposes shared visioning and moving on an agreed path and trajectory. However, characteristic of Harare is disparate and fragmented efforts, most of which work against the cause of city branding. Street vending, of late, is the major cancer haemorrhaging the city fabric and outlook. Even the politicians, who have assumed a major seat in the decision-making of the affairs of the city, seem not to agree on the way forward. Although, the city is under the leadership of the opposition – MDC-T councilors, their role has not been subsumed, within the council chambers as one that matters. The councilors have largely been silenced, if not technically, co-opted. The role of physical planning, on the other side of the story, has become increasingly nullified. Some real estate investors are considering reducing their portfolios. The dramatis personæ and the effects it is inflicting on the ground needs adequate scholarly interrogation hence the line of the argument in this paper: Whose city is it anyway? Unless, the city is seen as a collective responsibility), efforts to brand will simply prove futile and a waste of time. Overall, there is an economy that needs first to be fixed and players that need aligning their inspirations, aspirations and actions for achieving a branded city. Planning has to be given its place because it provides a solid foundation upon which actions are built.

scholarly journals ‘Marvellous Melbourne’

2019 ◽  
pp. 180-200
Author(s):  
Emma Blomkamp ◽  
Jenny M. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
State Government ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
City Planning ◽  
The State ◽  
State Governments ◽  
City Governments ◽  
Retail Development ◽  
Policy Success ◽  
The City

Melbourne has been named the world’s most liveable city for almost a decade on a number of global rankings. Leaving aside problems of such indicators, Melbourne has transformed from an economic basket-case of industrial decline in the 1980s into a vibrant and cosmopolitan world city. Central to this transformation been a set of determined moves by the city and state governments to change the city centre from an inhospitable place into a desirable location to work, live, and play. In this chapter, more than two decades (1980–2015) of city planning and policy development are charted to explain Melbourne’s remarkable economic resurgence and cultural revitalization. This is not a straightforward tale of policy success, however. Strained relations between the state and city governments, changing technologies and industrial trends, and at times hostile reactions to the creative visions of the city’s architects have threatened policy success. Informed by extensive research and consultation, the city government nevertheless stimulated housing and retail development, and activated public space. Strategic interventions by the state government to stimulate the economy in key areas of strength, combined with the city government’s people-centric approach to liveability, have effectively made the city more amenable, creative, smart, and sustainable.

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