scholarly journals Production of Bitumen Modified with Low-Molecular Organic Compounds from Petroleum Residues. 2. Bitumen Modified with Maleic Anhydride

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-449
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Gunka ◽  
◽  
Yuriy Prysiazhnyi ◽  
Yurii Hrynchuk ◽  
Iurii Sidun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Process Time ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Modified Bitumen ◽  
Petroleum Residues

The possibility of modification of BND 60/90 bitumen produced at JSC Ukrtatnafta (Kremenchuk, Ukraine) with maleic anhydride has been considered. The effect of maleic anhydride amount, process time and temperature on the operating characteristics of modified bitumen has been studied.

Optimal Control of Vitrifying Polymers Cooling Process to Reduce Residual Stresses

2015 ◽  
Vol 243 ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
M.G. Boyarshinov ◽  
Irina N. Boyarshinova
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Optimal Control ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Maximum Intensity ◽  
Process Time ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Cooling Process ◽  
Optimal Control Methods ◽  
Solution Methodology

This paper’s purpose is analyzing a problem of optimal control of vitrifying polymers cooling process. A solution methodology is suggested targeting at decreasing technological residual stresses, which predetermine major operating characteristics of polymer structures. The criteria function to be minimized is maximum intensity of technological residual stresses under minimum cooling process time. To determine technological residual stresses, a problem of thermoviscoelasticity is solved in finite-elemental formulation. The chosen mathematical model of mechanical behavior of viscoelastic bodies under thermorelaxation transition allows to formulate and to solve the problem of cooling process optimal control. Obtained results show that application of optimal control methods to vitrifying polymers cooling process lead to tenfold decrease of technological residual stresses when compared to an uncontrolled process.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF THE PROCESS OF MODIFICATION OF PETROLEUM ROAD BITUMEN BY MALEIC ANHYDRIDE

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Gunka ◽  
◽  
Yuriy Prysiazhnyi ◽  
Yurii Hrynchuk ◽  
Iurii Sidun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Softening Temperature ◽  
Sufficient Time ◽  
Modified Bitumen ◽  
Process Duration ◽  
Petroleum Bitumen ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Characteristics

The possibility of modification of oxidized petroleum bitumen 70/100 produced by JSC "Ukrtatnafta" (Kremenchuk, Ukraine) with maleic anhydride was studied. The influence of maleic anhydride amount, process duration, and temperature on the main physical and mechanical characteristics of modified bitumen was studied. The optimal amount of maleic anhydride introduction to bitumen was established. It is found that 2 wt. % maleic anhydride allows to increase the softening temperature of the modified bitumen (from 46 °C to 52 °C). Adhesion to crushed stone also increases (from 2.5 points to 4.5 points) and other indicators improve. Sufficient time to modify the bitumen with maleic anhydride was 30 minutes. The optimum modification temperature for obtaining the modified bitumen with maleic anhydride is 130 °C. Increasing the temperature of the modification has a negative effect on the final physical and mechanical properties of the binder.

scholarly journals Production of Bitumen Modified with Low-Molecular Organic Compounds from Petroleum Residues. 3. Tar Modified with Formaldehyde

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 608-620
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Gunka ◽  
◽  
Yuriy Prysiazhnyi ◽  
Yurii Hrynchuk ◽  
Iurii Sidun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Group Composition ◽  
Process Time ◽  
Structural Group ◽  
Brittle Point ◽  
Structural Group Composition

The chemical modification of tar with formaldehyde as 37% aqueous solutionhas been studied in the presence of the catalysts. Hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide and acid tar were used as the catalysts. The effect of the catalyst nature and amount, as well as temperature, process time and initial components ratio on the softening point, penetration, brittle point and adhesion to crushed stone has been determined. The structure of the modified tars was confirmed by IR spectroscopy. The structural-group composition was determined. Arene-formaldehyde resins have been synthesized on the basis of toluene and modified tars using hydrochloric acid as a catalyst. The synthesized resins were characterized using IR spectroscopy. The chemistry of the tar modification with formaldehyde has been proposed.

Maleic anhydride as a reagent for the determination of hydroxyl groups in organic compounds

2000 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 859-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. M. Evtushenko ◽  
B. E. Zaitsev ◽  
V. M. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups

scholarly journals Emission factors of long-lived volatile organic compounds from the 2019–2020 Australian wildfires during the COALA campaign

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asher P. Mouat ◽  
Clare Paton-Walsh ◽  
Jack B. Simmons ◽  
Jhonathan Ramirez-Gamboa ◽  
David W. T. Griffith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Temperate Forests ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Proton Transfer Reaction ◽  
Radical Oxidation ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract. In 2019/2020, Australia experienced its largest wildfire season on record. Smoke covered hundreds of square kilometers across the southeastern coast and reached the site of the 2020 COALA (Characterizing Organics and Aerosol Loading over Australia) field campaign in New South Wales. Using a subset of nighttime observations made by a proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS), we calculate emission ratios (ERs) and factors (EFs) for 21 volatile organic compounds (VOCs). We restrict our analysis to VOCs with sufficiently high lifetimes to be minimally impacted by oxidation over the ~8 h between when the smoke was emitted and when it arrived at the field site. We use oxidized VOC to VOC ratios to assess the total amount of radical oxidation: maleic anhydride/furan to assess OH oxidation, and (cis-2-butenediol + furanone)/furan to assess NO3 oxidation. We compare ERs calculated from the freshest portion of the plume to ERs calculated using the entire nighttime period. Finding good agreement between the two, we are able to extend our analysis to VOCs measured in more chemically aged portions of the plume. Our analysis provides ERs and EFs for 9 compounds not previously reported for temperate forests in Australia: acrolein, pentanones/methylbutanal, methyl propanoate, methyl methacrylate, propene, maleic anhydride, benzaldehyde, methyl guaiacol, and methylbenzoic acid. We compare our results with two studies in similar Australian biomes, and two studies focused on US temperate forests. We find mixed agreement for EFs presented from previous studies of Australian wildfires, and generally good agreement with studies focused on fires in the Western US. This suggests that comprehensive field measurements of biomass burning VOC emissions in other regions may be applicable to Australian temperate forests.

scholarly journals Faecal volatile organic compounds in preterm babies at risk of necrotising enterocolitis: the DOVE study

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 474-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Probert ◽  
Rosemary Greenwood ◽  
Arno Mayor ◽  
David Hughes ◽  
Raphael Aggio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Necrotising Enterocolitis ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Volatile Organic

BackgroundEarly diagnosis of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) may improve prognosis but there are no proven biomarkers.ObjectiveTo investigate changes in faecal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as potential biomarkers for NEC.DesignMulticentre prospective study.Settings8 UK neonatal units.PatientsPreterm infants <34 weeks gestation.MethodsDaily faecal samples were collected prospectively from 1326 babies of whom 49 subsequently developed definite NEC. Faecal samples from 32 NEC cases were compared with samples from frequency-matched controls without NEC. Headspace, solid phase microextraction gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was performed and VOCs identified from reference libraries. VOC samples from cases and controls were compared using both discriminant and factor analysis methods.ResultsVOCs were found to cluster into nine groups (factors), three were associated with NEC and indicated the possibility of disease up to 3–4 days before the clinical diagnosis was established. For one factor, a 1 SD increase increased the odds of developing NEC by 1.6 times; a similar decrease of the two other factors was associated with a reduced risk (OR 0.5 or 0.7, respectively). Discriminant analyses identified five individual VOCs, which are associated with NEC in babies at risk, each with an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.75–0.76, up to 4 days before the clinical diagnosis was made.ConclusionsFaecal VOCs are altered in preterm infants with NEC. These data are currently insufficient to enable reliable cotside detection of babies at risk of developing NEC and further work is needed investigate the role of VOCs in clarifying the aetiology of NEC.

scholarly journals Production of Bitumen Modified with Low-Molecular Organic Compounds from Petroleum Residues. 1. Effect of Solvent Nature on the Properties of Petroleum Residues Modified with Folmaldehyde

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-283
Author(s):  
Michael Bratychak ◽  
◽  
Volodymyr Gunka ◽  
Yuriy Prysiazhnyi ◽  
Yurii Hrynchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Initial Material ◽  
Effect Of Solvent ◽  
Petroleum Residues ◽  
Solvent Molecules ◽  
Bitumen Modification

The possibility of petroleum residues (tar and oxidized bitumen) modification with formaldehyde (37 % aqueous solution) has been studied at the temperature of 393±3 K for 3 h in the presence of organic solvent and using hydrochloric acid as a catalyst. Toluene, p-xylene, naphta solvent and n-octane were used as the solvents in the amount of 0–40 wt % relative to the initial material. By means of IR spectroscopy the resin-like compounds affecting the operational properties of petroleum residues have been detected. These compounds are formed as a result of formaldehyde reaction with residue components and solvent molecules.

The Tempo and mode(S) of Prebiotic Evolution

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 419-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Lazcano
Keyword(s):  
Origin Of Life ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Biological Evolution ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Early Diversification ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Widespread Phenomenon ◽  
The Origin Of Life

AbstractDifferent current ideas on the origin of life are critically examined. Comparison of the now fashionable FeS/H2S pyrite-based autotrophic theory of the origin of life with the heterotrophic viewpoint suggest that the later is still the most fertile explanation for the emergence of life. However, the theory of chemical evolution and heterotrophic origins of life requires major updating, which should include the abandonment of the idea that the appearance of life was a slow process involving billions of years. Stability of organic compounds and the genetics of bacteria suggest that the origin and early diversification of life took place in a time period of the order of 10 million years. Current evidence suggest that the abiotic synthesis of organic compounds may be a widespread phenomenon in the Galaxy and may have a deterministic nature. However, the history of the biosphere does not exhibits any obvious trend towards greater complexity or «higher» forms of life. Therefore, the role of contingency in biological evolution should not be understimated in the discussions of the possibilities of life in the Universe.

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