scholarly journals A New Green Catalyst for Synthesis of bis-Macromonomers of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 468-473
Author(s):  
Sara Haoue ◽  
◽  
Hodhaifa Derdar ◽  
Mohammed Belbachir ◽  
Amine Harrane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Green Catalyst ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Optimal Reaction ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
End Group

A new method to synthesise polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEGDM) with various molecular weights (1000, 3000, 6000 and 8000 g/mol) of polyethylene glycol (PEG) has been developed. This technique consists in using Maghnite-H+ as eco-catalyst to replace еriethylamine, which is toxic. Maghnite-H+ is a proton exchanged montmorillonite clay which is prepared through a simple exchange process. Synthesis experiments are performed in solution using dichloromethane as solvent in the presence of methacrylic anhydride. The effect of reaction time, temperature, amount of catalyst and amount of methacrylic anhydride is studied in order to find the optimal reaction conditions. The synthesis in solution leads to the best yield (98 %) at room temperature for the reaction time of 5 h. The structure of the obtained macromonomers (PEGDM) is confirmed by FTIR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR, where the methacrylate end groups are clearly visible. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is used to study the thermal stability of these obtained macromonomers. The presence of unsaturated end group was confirmed by UV-Visible analysis.

scholarly journals Polymerization of Ethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate (EGDM), Using An Algerian Clay as Eco-catalyst (Maghnite-H+ and Maghnite-Na+)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Haoue ◽  
Hodhaifa Derdar ◽  
Mohammed Belbachir ◽  
Amine Harrane
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Ethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate ◽  
Glycol Dimethacrylate ◽  
Green Catalyst ◽  
Ion Exchange Process ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
End Group

In this paper we have explored a novel and green method to synthesis and polymerize ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDM). This technique consists on using Maghnite (Algerian clay) as a green catalyst to replace toxic catalysts. The Algerian clay has been modified using two ion exchange process to obtain Maghnite-H+ (proton exchanged process) and Maghnite-Na+ (sodium exchanged process). Synthesis experiments of EGDM and Poly (EGDM) are performed in bulk respecting the principles of green chemistry. The structure of the obtained monomer and the obtained polymer was confirmed by FT-IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR, where the methacrylate end groups are clearly visible. The presence of unsaturated end group in the structure of monomer was confirmed by UV-Visible analysis. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to study the thermal stability of these obtained products. Copyright © 2020 BCREC Group. All rights reserved 

scholarly journals A Green Synthesis of Polylimonene Using Maghnite-H+, an Exchanged Montmorillonite Clay, as Eco-Catalyst

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hodhaifa Derdar ◽  
Mohammed Belbachir ◽  
Amine Harrane
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Bulk Polymerization ◽  
Montmorillonite Clay ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Optimal Reaction

A new green polymerization technique to synthesis polylimonene (PLM) is carried out in this work. This technique consists of using Maghnite-H+ as eco-catalyst to replace Friedel-Crafts catalysts which are toxics. Maghnite-H+ is a montmorillonite silicate sheet clay which is prepared through a simple exchange process. Polymerization experiments are performed in bulk and in solution using CH2Cl2 as solvent. Effect of reaction time, temperature and amount of catalyst is studied, in order to find the optimal reaction conditions. The polymerization in solution leads to the best yield (48.5%) at -5°C for a reaction time of 6 h but the bulk polymerization, that is performed at 25°C, remains preferred even if the yield is lower (40.3%) in order to respect the principles of a green chemistry which recommend syntheses under mild conditions, without solvents and at room temperature. The structure of the obtained polymer (PLM) is confirmed by FT-IR and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of proton (1H-NMR). The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polylimonene is defined using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and is between 113°C and 116°C. The molecular weight of the obtained polymer is determined by Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) analysis and is about 1360 g/mol. Copyright © 2019 BCREC Group. All rights reservedReceived: 26th May 2018; Revised: 11st September 2018; Accepted: 22nd September 2018; Available online: 25th January 2019; Published regularly: April 2019How to Cite: Derdar, H., Belbachir, M., Harrane, A. (2019). A Green Synthesis of Polylimonene Using Maghnite-H+, an Exchanged Montmorillonite Clay, as Eco-Catalyst. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 14 (1): 69-78 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.14.1.2692.69-78)Permalink/DOI: https://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.14.1.2692.69-78 

scholarly journals Synthesis of propylene carbonate from urea and 1,2-propylene glycol over metal carbonates

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiancheng Zhou ◽  
Wu Dongfang ◽  
Birong Zhang ◽  
Yali Guo
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Propylene Carbonate ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Lead Carbonate ◽  
Synthetic Process ◽  
Metal Carbonates ◽  
Optimal Reaction ◽  
Mixed Carbonate

A series of single-metal carbonates and Pb-Zn mixed-metal carbonates were prepared as catalysts for alcoholysis of urea with 1,2-propylene glycol (PG) for the synthesis of propylene carbonate (PC). The mixed carbonates all show much better catalytic activities than the single carbonates, arising from a strong synergistic effect between the two crystalline phases, hydrozincite and lead carbonate. The mixed carbonate with Pb/Zn=1:2 gives the highest yield of PC, followed by the mixed carbonate with Pb/Zn=1:3. Furthermore, Taguchi method was used to optimize the synthetic process for improving the yield of PC. It is shown that the reaction temperature is the most significant factor affecting the yield of PC, followed by the reaction time, and that the optimal reaction conditions are the reaction time at 5 hours, the reaction temperature at 180 oC and the catalyst amount at 1.8 wt%, resulting in the highest PC yield of 96.3%.

Synthesis of a Ruthenium Complex Based on 2,6-Bis[1-(Pyridin-2-yl)-1H-Benzo[d]Imidazol-2-yl]Pyridine and Catalytic Oxidation of (1H-Benzo[d]-Imidazol-2-yl)Methanol to 1H-Benzo[d]Imidazole-2-Carbaldehyde with H2O2

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-92
Author(s):  
Shenggui Liu ◽  
Rongkai Pan ◽  
Wenyi Su ◽  
Guobi Li ◽  
Chunlin Ni
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Catalytic Oxidation ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Ruthenium Complex ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Optimal Reaction

2,6-Bis[1-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-benzo[d]-imidazol-2-yl]pyridine (bpbp), which has been synthesised by intramolecular thermocyclisation of N2,N6-bis[2-(pyridin-2-ylamino)phenyl]pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide, reacts with sodium pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate (pydic) and RuCl3 to give [Ru(bpbp)(pydic)] which can catalyse the oxidation of (1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methanol to 1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-carbaldehyde by H2O2. The optimal reaction conditions were: molar ratios of catalyst to substrate to H2O2 set at 1: 1000: 3000; reaction temperature 50 °C; reaction time 5 h. The yield of (1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl) methanol was 70%.

scholarly journals Biodiesel Production from a Novel Nonedible Feedstock, Soursop (Annona muricata L.) Seed Oil

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Hung Su ◽  
Hoang Nguyen ◽  
Uyen Pham ◽  
My Nguyen ◽  
Horng-Yi Juan
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Biodiesel Feedstock ◽  
Acid Catalyzed ◽  
American Society ◽  
Optimal Reaction

This study investigated the optimal reaction conditions for biodiesel production from soursop (Annona muricata) seeds. A high oil yield of 29.6% (w/w) could be obtained from soursop seeds. Oil extracted from soursop seeds was then converted into biodiesel through two-step transesterification process. A highest biodiesel yield of 97.02% was achieved under optimal acid-catalyzed esterification conditions (temperature: 65 °C, 1% H2SO4, reaction time: 90 min, and a methanol:oil molar ratio: 10:1) and optimal alkali-catalyzed transesterification conditions (temperature: 65 °C, reaction time: 30 min, 0.6% NaOH, and a methanol:oil molar ratio: 8:1). The properties of soursop biodiesel were determined and most were found to meet the European standard EN 14214 and American Society for Testing and Materials standard D6751. This study suggests that soursop seed oil is a promising biodiesel feedstock and that soursop biodiesel is a viable alternative to petrodiesel.

scholarly journals Sizing and Thermal Stability of Prepared Tetraaminophthalocyaninatocopper(II) Derivatives-grafted Polymers

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-234
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Condensation Polymerization ◽  
Grafted Polymers ◽  
Poly Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
End Group

Different polymers were prepared by condensation polymerization of sebacic anhydride and adipic anhydride with ethylene glycol and poly(ethylene glycol). Their number average molecular weights were determined by end group analysis. Then, they were grafted on the prepared phthalocyaninatocopper(II) compounds with the general formula (NH2)4PcCu(II) having amino groups of 3,3',3'',3'''- or 4,4',4'',4'''- positions. All prepared polymers, compounds, and phthalocyaninatocopper(II)-grafted polymers were characterized by FTIR. The sizing measurements were carried out in 3,3',3'',3'''- (NH2)4PcCu(II) and 4,4',4'',4'''- (NH2)4PcCu(II) compounds with and without grafting polymers. The results showed that the grafting process led to decreasing in particle size and increasing in surface area. The grafting process was reflected positively on the thermal degradation of 3,3',3'',3'''- (NH2)4PcCu(II) and 4,4',4'',4'''- (NH2)4PcCu(II) grafted polymers. They had higher thermal stability accompanied with higher char residue and T50% weight loss with 3,3',3'',3'''-(NH2)4PcCu(II) and their grafted polymers being the best.

Study on Catalytic Performance of Supported HPW/C Catalyst for Diethyl Adipate Synthesis

2012 ◽  
Vol 468-471 ◽  
pp. 1371-1374
Author(s):  
Ke Nian Wei ◽  
Bin Zhou ◽  
Jiang Quan Ma ◽  
Yan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Physical Chemistry ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Adipic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Catalyst Amount ◽  
Reaction Performance ◽  
Optimal Reaction

HPW/C catalysts were prepared using impregnation method. The physical chemistry properties of the catalysts were characterized employing XRD and NH3-TPD.The effects of HPW loading, catalyst amount and reaction time on the catalyst performances were investigated. The results more acid content and active center contribute to the reaction performance. Under the optimal reaction conditions of 0.8g 29%(w) HPW/C as the catalyst, n(adipic acid): n(ethanol):n(toluene)=1:6:1,5h,the etherification rate was 97.3%.

Optimizing determination of plasma albumin by the bromcresol green dye-binding method.

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
W S Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Human Plasma ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Plasma Albumin ◽  
Optimal Reaction ◽  
Bromcresol Green

Abstract Some modifications of the conditions of the reaction between plasma and bromcresol green have led to an improved method for determination of plasma albumin with the Vickers M300 multichannel analyzer. Dye concentration and reaction time are the factors principally influencing method specificity, but variable protein composition of human plasma also affects it, so that optimal reaction conditions vary from specimen to specimen. Thus a compromise must be reached such that the best conditions for determining plasma albumin over a range of different protein concentrations are achieved. In the proposed method for the Vickers M300 a reaction time of 12 s (the minimum possible) is used. Comparison with "rocket" immunoelectrophoresis gave the following linear regression: y = 10 + 0.79 x (n = 91; r = 0.96).

Macromonomers having different molecular weights of polyethylene glycol and end group functionalities in dispersion polymerization of styrene

Polymer ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 46 (19) ◽  
pp. 7974-7981 ◽  
Author(s):  
So Yeun Kim ◽  
Kangseok Lee ◽  
Hyejun Jung ◽  
Sang Eun Shim ◽  
Byung H. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Dispersion Polymerization ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
End Group

Synthesis of Butanone 1,2 - Propanediol Ketal by Sulfamic Acid as Catalyzed

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 276-279
Author(s):  
Yu Hang Zhao ◽  
Li Cui ◽  
Da Zhi Wang ◽  
Tong Kuan Xu ◽  
Yong Peng Li
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sulfamic Acid ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Optimal Reaction

Butanone 1,2-propanediol ketal was synthesized by butanone and 1,2-propanediol as raw materials and sulfamic acid as catalyst. The effects of the mole ratio of raw materials agent, the dosage of the water-carrying agent and catalyst, reaction time on the product yield were discussed separately. Experimental results showed that sulfamic acid was a suitable catalyst for synthesizing of butanone 1,2-propanediol ketal. And the optimal reaction conditions are as follows: the mole ratio of butanone to 1,2-propanediol is 1:1.5, the amount of the catalyst is 2.2%, the water-carrying agent is 25ml, the reaction temperature is 358-378K and reaction time 3h. In this condition, the yield of production could reach 93.8%.

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