scholarly journals Mass Transfer in the Solid-Liquid System: Mechanism and Kinetics of the Extraction Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
Yevgen Semenyshyn ◽  
◽  
Volodymyr Atamanyuk ◽  
Tetiana Rymar ◽  
Oleksandr Ivashchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Liquid System ◽  
Mechanism And Kinetics ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
System Mechanism

Mechanistic modelling of kinetics and mass transfer for a solid–liquid system: Leaching of zinc with ferric iron

2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (15) ◽  
pp. 4460-4471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tapio Salmi ◽  
Henrik Grénman ◽  
Heidi Bernas ◽  
Johan Wärnå ◽  
Dmitry Yu. Murzin
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Ferric Iron ◽  
Liquid System ◽  
Mechanistic Modelling ◽  
Solid Liquid

scholarly journals Mechanism and Kinetics of Malachite Dissolution in an NH4OH System

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 833
Author(s):  
Alvaro Aracena ◽  
Javiera Pino ◽  
Oscar Jerez
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Hydroxide ◽  
Copper Recovery ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Acid Dissolution ◽  
Acid Consumption ◽  
Mechanism And Kinetics ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Highly Porous

Copper oxide minerals composed of carbonates consume high quantities of leaching reagent. The present research proposes an alternative procedure for malachite leaching (Cu2CO3(OH)2) through the use of only compound, ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH). Preliminary studies were also carried out for the dissolution of malachite in an acid system. The variables evaluated were solution pH, stirring rate, temperature, NH4OH concentration, particle size, solid/liquid ratio and different ammonium reagents. The experiments were carried out in a stirred batch system with controlled temperatures and stirring rates. For the acid dissolution system, sulfuric acid consumption reached excessive values (986 kg H2SO4/ton of malachite), invalidating the dissolution in these common systems. On the other hand, for the ammoniacal system, there was no acid consumption and the results show that copper recovery was very high, reaching values of 84.1% for a concentration of 0.2 mol/dm3 of NH4OH and an experiment time of 7200 s. The theoretical/thermodynamic calculations indicate that the solution pH was a significant factor in maintaining the copper soluble as Cu(NH3)42+. This was validated by the experimental results and solid analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD), from which the reaction mechanisms were obtained. A heterogeneous kinetic model was obtained from the diffusion model in a porous layer for particles that begin the reaction as nonporous but which become porous during the reaction as the original solid splits and cracks to form a highly porous structure. The reaction order for the NH4OH concentration was 3.2 and was inversely proportional to the square of the initial radius of the particle. The activation energy was calculated at 36.1 kJ/mol in the temperature range of 278 to 313 K.

scholarly journals Kinetics of Extraction of Dioscine from Vegetable Raw Materials in Vibrocavitation Homogenizer

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Flisyuk ◽  
S. S. Belokurov ◽  
I. A. Narkevich ◽  
A. N. Shikov ◽  
O. M. Flisyuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Rotor Speed ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Periodic Action ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Working Volume ◽  
Kinetics Of

Introduction. In recent years, substances extracted from plant materials have been widely used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries. Such substances are used as solutions, dry extracts for the manufacture of medicines, dietary supplements, cosmetic creams, food additives in various forms – tablets, capsules, solutions, granular powders. The extraction of valuable substances from plant materials is carried out using the extraction process, which is carried out by various methods and in apparatuses of various designs. Earlier, a comparative study of the extraction of dioscin from fenugreek by various methods was carried out: in devices with a stirrer, in an ultrasonic field, supercritical, fluid CO2 extraction, and in a vibro-cavitation homogenizer. It is shown that the most effective method is the extraction carried out in a vibrocavitation homogenizer.Aim.To analyze the kinetics of the extraction of dioscin from fenugreek seeds, to determine the optimal values of the required degree of grinding of the raw materials, working temperature, the concentration of ethyl alcohol in the solution and the rotational speed of the rotor of the vibrocavitation homogenizer. Determine the effective mass transfer coefficient responsible for the intensity of mass transfer inside the particles.Materials and methods. An experimental study of the extraction of valuable components from plant materials was carried out in a laboratory unit with a vibrocavitation homogenizer of periodic action. As raw materials were used seeds of hay fenugreek, ecotype of Morocco, acquired in the company Fitokasa, Casablanca (Morocco), which we used for research. Commodity analysis showed that raw materials comply with the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia XIVth edition. As extractants, aqueous solutions of ethanol with an alcohol concentration of 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90 %. The analysis of the kinetics of the process was based on the following ideas. Extraction begins with the surface of the particles of plant material. As the extracted component moves into the volume of the solution, the extractant penetrates into the internal pores of the particles, and the surface on which the extractant and the extracted component interact is gradually shifted into the individual particles. In this case, the resistance to mass transfer in the region between the specified surface and the outer surface of the particle increases over time.Results and discussion. An analysis of the results shows that the rotor speed significantly intensifies the process. In addition, the influence of the rotor speed is most pronounced at the initial stage of the process, when the surface layers of particles of plant material are extracted. It was also found that the resistance to mass transfer inside particles increases significantly as it approaches the final stage of the process, and with an increase in the rotor speed, it increases, especially at the initial stage of the process, which is associated with the intensity of cavitation and the weakening of its effect as the process deepens inward particles.Conclusions. The obtained dependences are necessary to determine the duration of the extraction process in a batch mode, or the average residence time of seeds in the working volume when organizing the process in a continuous mode.

Mass Transfer of Solid-Liquid System in Turbulent Agitated Vessels

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 551-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noboru Kamei ◽  
Yoshihito Kato ◽  
Yutaka Tada ◽  
Takaomi Murai ◽  
Junichi Ando
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Liquid System ◽  
Solid Liquid

scholarly journals Optimization and Kinetics of the Solid-liquid Extraction Process of Polyphenols from Black Mulberry Fruit

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 853-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilija Kostic ◽  
Goran M. Nikolic ◽  
Snezana Mitic ◽  
Danica Dimitrijevic ◽  
Milan Mitic
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Process ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Dry Extract ◽  
Morus Nigra ◽  
Mulberry Fruit ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Kinetics Of

This paper investigates the influence of operating conditions and extraction techniques (maceration and ultrasonic) on the yield and extraction of dry extract, total phenolic, flavonoids and anthocyanins from black mulberry fruit (Morus nigra L.). The optimal extraction conditions and kinetic parameters of the extraction process are determined.

Mass Transfer Flux at Solid-Liquid Contacting Interface

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Shi ◽  
M. Le Maguer
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Solid Material ◽  
Mass Transfer Process ◽  
Liquid System ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Osmotic Treatment ◽  
Solid Liquid

When cellular materials are immersed in a solution of high concentration, the mass transfer is considered a multi-component transport process in which simultaneous and countercurrent flows occur in the biological tissue. The mass transfer process of each component in the solid-liquid system is affected not only by operational parameters, but also by the presence of other components. The main driving force for the mass transfer phenomena is attributed to the concentration gradient between external and internal solid material, and the interaction among fluxes and tissue matrix. Matrix deformation and tissue shrinkage are important characteristics influencing mass transfer. The coupled mass transfer fluxes across the interface in an isothermal solid-liquid system were analysed by means of a film model as a function of the concentration gradients, based on the generalised multi-component mass transfer theories. Several possible situations of cell structure changes are discussed, and the effect of structural shrinkage on mass transfer is modelled in this study. The mass transfer model and parameters proposed in the present study is applicable to the unit operation such as osmotic treatment of cellular porous biomaterial.

scholarly journals MODELING OF ESSENTIAL OIL EXTRACTION PROCESS: APPLICATION FOR ORANGE, POMELO, AND LEMONGRASS

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (4A) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Thanh Nguyen Dang Binh ◽  
Dung Nguyen Trung ◽  
Duc Hong Ta
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Kinetic Rate ◽  
Kinetic Mechanisms ◽  
Extraction Processes ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Kinetics Of

ABSTRACT - HCTN - 44In this study, the kinetic models of steam distillation of orange (Citrus Sinensis (L.) Osbeck), pomelo (Citrus grandis L.), and lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) for the recovery of essential oils were developed. The model parameters were estimated based on experimental data and comprehensive kinetic mechanisms of the solid-liquid extraction process. Numerical results showed that, the extraction mechanism of the three materials were best fit to the Patricelli two-stage model in which the diffusion of the oil was followed by the washing step. Moreover, the model parameters obtained from the measured data reflected clearly the nature of the two-stage extraction at which the kinetic rate of the washing step (surface extraction) was higher than that of in-tissue diffusion step. Thus, the kinetics of the extraction processes obtained from the present work could be used for the scale-up of the extraction process operating at a large scale and for the purpose of process control as well.

scholarly journals Thermodynamics of phase equilibrium in solid-liquid and solid-gas systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Y. I. Shishatskii ◽  
A. A. Derkanosova ◽  
S. A. Tolstov
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Cheese Whey ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Liquid System ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Gibbs Equation ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Thermodynamic Potentials ◽  
Solid Liquid

The thermodynamic equilibrium of a two-phase system is described by the Gibbs equation, which includes state parameters. On the basis of the Gibbs equation and the combined equation of the first and second laws of thermodynamics, thermodynamic potentials are written: internal energy, enthalpy and Gibbs free energy. If the two phases are in equilibrium, then the temperatures, pressures and chemical potentials of these phases are equal to each other. Equalities express the conditions of thermal and mechanical equilibrium, as well as the condition for the absence of a driving force for the transfer of a component across the interface. For a two-phase system, the Gibbs-Duhem equation connects the volume and entropy of 1 mole of the mixture, the content of any component, expressed in mole fractions. Extraction from lupine particles with cheese whey (solid-liquid system) is considered. The driving force of the extraction process in the solid-liquid system is the difference between the concentration of the solvent at the surface of the solid C and its average concentration C0 in the bulk of the solution. The concentration at the interface is usually taken to be equal to the concentration of a saturated solution of Cn, since equilibrium is established rather quickly near the surface of a solid. Then the driving force of the process is expressed as Cn – C0. A curve for the extraction of extractives from lupine with cheese whey was plotted by superimposing low-frequency mechanical vibrations.

scholarly journals Study of Extraction Kinetics of Total Polyphenols from Curry Leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sunita S. Patil ◽  
Umesh B. Deshannavar ◽  
M. Ramasamy ◽  
Sampath Emani ◽  
Nima Khalilpoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Polyphenol Content ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Batch Extraction ◽  
Total Polyphenol Content ◽  
Curry Leaves ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Kinetics Of

Solid-liquid batch extraction of total polyphenol content from curry leaves (Murraya koenigii L.) was studied in this paper. The effect of different solvent concentrations and temperatures on total polyphenol content was investigated by performing batch experiments. The experimental studies showed that the kinetics of solid-liquid batch extraction was influenced by different solvent concentrations and temperatures. In solid-liquid batch extraction, more recovery of total polyphenols was obtained for 50% (v/v) aqueous methanol and at 333 K temperature. The total polyphenol obtained at optimum conditions was 79.34 mgGAE/L. Mathematical modelling is an important engineering tool used to study the kinetics of extraction as well as in the design of the extraction process to reduce time, energy, and chemical reagents. Peleg and Power law, the two mathematical models, were used to study the kinetics of the batch extraction process. The Peleg model showed the best fit to explain the kinetics of process with R2 > 0.99. Further conventional extraction methods are compared with the novel extraction method.

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