scholarly journals Preparation of Modified Montmorillonite with Benzethonium and Benzalconium Chloride for Nanocomposites Preparation

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-294
Author(s):  
Daniel Resende ◽  
◽  
Camila Dornelas ◽  
Maria I. B. Tavares ◽  
Lucio Cabral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lattice Relaxation ◽  
Lattice Relaxation Time ◽  
Proton Spin ◽  
Spin Lattice Relaxation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Modified Clays ◽  
Spin Lattice ◽  
Low Field ◽  
Benzethonium Chloride ◽  
Organically Modified

Modified clays were intercalated with benzethonium chloride and benzalkonium chloride by exchanging the sodium ions. The organoclays obtained were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD); thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and low field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), through proton spin-lattice relaxation time measurements (T1H). From the characterization data, the formation of organically modified clays was confirmed. These products can probably be used to prepare PVC nanocomposites with superior processing characteristics due to better chemical structure of clay surfactants.

Proton Spin Lattice Relaxation in the Dimethylammonium Group

1993 ◽  
Vol 48 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 713-719
Author(s):  
K. Venu ◽  
V. S. S. Sastry
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Lattice Relaxation ◽  
Lattice Relaxation Time ◽  
Proton Spin ◽  
Spin Lattice Relaxation ◽  
Methyl Groups ◽  
Dipolar Interactions ◽  
Spin Temperature ◽  
Spin Lattice ◽  
Molecular Group

Abstract A model for the spin lattice relaxation time of the protons of dimethylammonium in the Redfield limit and common spin temperature approximation is developed. The three fold reorientations of the methyl groups, the rotation of the whole molecular group around its two fold symmetric axis and possible correlations among these motions are considered. The effect of these processes on the dipolar interactions among the protons within the same molecular group is taken into account. The resulting relaxation rate is powder averaged and used to explain the experimental data in literature on [NH2(CH3)2]3Sb2Br9 . The analysis shows that dynamically inequivalent groups exist in this compound and that the effect of proposed correlation among the different motions on the final results is negligible.

NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RELAXATION IN GAS MIXTURES

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1027-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Llewelyn Williams
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Lattice Relaxation ◽  
Lattice Relaxation Time ◽  
Proton Spin ◽  
Spin Lattice Relaxation ◽  
Spin Lattice ◽  
Gas Molecules ◽  
De Broglie Wavelength ◽  
Diffraction Effects ◽  
Good Agreement

Measurements of the proton spin–lattice relaxation time using pulse techniques have been made on the hydrogen–nitrogen, hydrogen–neon, and hydrogen–helium systems from room temperature to 60° K. The results are in good agreement with the Oppenheim–Bloom theory and illustrate the importance of the radial distribution of the gas molecules and of diffraction effects associated with the de Broglie wavelength.

35Cl NQR and Crystal Structure Studies of Salts of Chlorodifluoro- and Dichloroacetic Acid

1992 ◽  
Vol 47 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 241-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reha Basaran ◽  
Shi-qi Dou ◽  
Alarich Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Lattice Relaxation ◽  
Lattice Relaxation Time ◽  
Dichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Spin Lattice Relaxation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Spin Lattice ◽  
Chlorodifluoroacetic Acid ◽  
Reorientation Motion ◽  
Guanidinium Salt

AbstractThe 35Cl NQR spectra of several chlorodifluoroacetates were studied as a function of temperature, including the acid ClF2CCOOH. The cations were: Ammonium, guanidinium, paramethylanilinium. Also some acid salts M⊕ClF2CCOO⊖ • n - ClF2CCOOH ( n > l ) were studied by 35Cl NQR. The bleaching temperatures of the NQR signals were determined. In the para-methylanilinium salt and in the guanidinium salt a phase transition has been observed. The crystal structure of guanidinium chlorodifluoroacetate has been determined at room temperature (a = 1089 pm, 6 = 845 pm, c = 832 pm, space group Pnma, Z = 4). For comparison, guanidinium dichloroacetate was studied by 35Cl NQR and by X-ray diffraction, too: P21/c, Z = 4 , a = 804pm, b = 1202 pm, c = 1080 pm, ß = 131.58°. For guanidinium chlorodifluoroacetate and chlorodifluoroacetic acid, the 35Cl spin lattice relaxation time T1 and the line width have been followed up as a function of temperature. Therefrom, the activation energies of the reorientation motion of the group -CF2C1 have been determined to be 14 kJ • mol-1 (from T1) and 12.5 kJ • mol- 1 (from Δv) for the pure acid and 9.2 kJ • mol-1 and 8.8 kJ • mol-1 , respectively, for the guanidinium salt.

Surface Induced Spin-Lattice Relaxation of Water in Tricalcium Silicate Gels

1991 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 697-699
Author(s):  
F. Milia ◽  
Y. Bakopoulos ◽  
Lj. Miljkovic
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Lattice Relaxation ◽  
Lattice Relaxation Time ◽  
Tricalcium Silicate ◽  
Proton Spin ◽  
Spin Lattice Relaxation ◽  
Water Proton ◽  
Hydration Time ◽  
Spin Lattice ◽  
Stage Process

AbstractThe water proton spin-lattice relaxation time and recovery function of exchangeable water was measured in tricalcium silicate (C3S) gels. The measurements were carried out as a function of the hydration time and grain size. Results show that the hydration of (C3S) is a two stage process. A model is developped

Incommensurability and Domain Structure of K2SbF5

2002 ◽  
Vol 57 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 456-460
Author(s):  
A. M. Panich ◽  
L. A. Zemnukhova ◽  
R. L. Davidovich
Keyword(s):  
Relaxation Time ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Lattice Relaxation ◽  
Lattice Relaxation Time ◽  
Spin Lattice Relaxation ◽  
Temperature Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Spin Lattice ◽  
Relaxation Measurements ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Phase transitions and incommensurability in K2SbF5 have been studied by means of 123Sb NQR spectra and spin-lattice relaxation measurements. The phase transitions occur at 117, 135 and 260 K. The line shape and temperature dependence of the spin-lattice relaxation time T1 at 135 to 260 K are characteristic for an incommensurate state with a plane wave modulation regime. At 117 to 135 K a distinct fine structure of the NQR spectra has been observed. The X-ray diffraction pattern of this phase is interpreted as a coexistence of two modulation waves along the a and b axis with wave vectors (a*/6 + b*/6) and (a*/2 + b*/2), respectively. The best interpretation that fits our NQR data is a coexistence of two domains, the structures of which are modulated with different periods in such a manner that each domain exhibits only one of the aforementioned modulation waves. Redistribution of line intensities with the variation of temperature shows that one of the domains becomes energetically preferable on cooling and is transformed into the low temperature phase at 117 K. The 123SbNQR measurements in K2SbF5 show unusually short values of T1, which become close to the spin-spin relaxation time T2 with increasing temperature. - Pacs: 61.44.Fw, 64.60, 64.70, 64.70.Rh, 76.60

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