Near Electric Field Around the Shipboard Navigational Radar Patch Array Antenna: Comparison to Human Exposure Limits

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andela Matkovic ◽  
Antonio Sarolic
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Array Antenna ◽  
Exposure Limits

scholarly journals Radiation Pattern Reconfigurable Waveguide Slot Array Antenna Using Liquid Crystal

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Hongyu Shi ◽  
Jianxing Li ◽  
Shitao Zhu ◽  
Anxue Zhang ◽  
Zhuo Xu
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Radiation Pattern ◽  
Array Antenna ◽  
Antenna Element ◽  
Waveguide Slot ◽  
Radiation Direction ◽  
Coupled Resonator

In this paper, we proposed a radiation pattern reconfigurable waveguide slot array antenna using liquid crystal (LC). Together with the waveguide slot, the designed complementary electric-field-coupled resonator functions like a switch controlled by the dielectric constant of the LC, which can control the antenna element to radiate or not. Thus, the array factor and radiation pattern can be manipulated. The proposed antenna was simulated, fabricated, and measured. Its radiation direction can be reconfigured to 46° or 0° at about 15 GHz.

Acceptable Levels of Vibration on Ships

1973 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 105-111
Author(s):  
F. Everett Reed
Keyword(s):  
Human Exposure ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Exposure Limits ◽  
Body Vibration ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Time Exposure ◽  
Proficiency Level ◽  
Draft International Standard ◽  
Sound Foundation

The Draft International Standard ISO/DIS 2631 "Guide for the Evaluation of Human Exposure to Whole-Body Vibration" provides an excellent base for setting acceptable levels of vibration on ships.2 A standard for evaluating vibration levels has been needed for some time and the new standard not only provides a sound foundation for evaluating vibration, but also permits the vibration levels to be rated numerically as percentages of the established standard of fatigue-decreased proficiency. The standard is related to frequency, direction of motion, and the time exposure at the different locations in the ship. "Safe exposure limits" and "reduced comfort limits" are defined in terms of percentages of this same fatigue-decreased proficiency level.

Metabolism of an Industrial Uranium Trioxide Dust after Deposition in the Rat Lung

1985 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 563-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.N. Stradling ◽  
J.W. Stather ◽  
M. Ellender ◽  
S.A. Sumner ◽  
J.C. Moody ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Exposure ◽  
Aqueous Suspension ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Rat Lung ◽  
Exposure Limits ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Uranium Trioxide ◽  
Hexavalent Uranium ◽  
Uranium Compounds ◽  
Body Tissues

Uranium trioxide, produced industrially, was administered to rats either by inhalation or direct injection of an aqueous suspension into the lungs. The results: 1 show that uranium was cleared rapidly from the lungs, mainly to the blood; 2 show that distribution of uranium among body tissues, and the fraction of the systemic content excreted in urine, was similar to that obtained for other transportable hexavalent uranium compounds; 3 suggest that urine monitoring data would be of more value than lung radioactivity counting measurements for assessing occupational human exposure; 4 indicate that for setting exposure limits by inhalation the uranium trioxide should be considered a highly transportable compound. Thus intakes by workers should be restricted to those recommended for short-term exposures and not those based on an annual limit.

scholarly journals Calculation of electromagnetic field from mobile phone induced in the pituitary gland of children head model

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 854-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Stankovic ◽  
Dejan Jovanovic ◽  
Dejan Krstic ◽  
Vera Markovic ◽  
Momir Dunjic
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Penetration Depth ◽  
Field Distribution ◽  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Electric Field Distribution ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Exposure Limits

Background/Aim. A mobile phone is a source of electromagnetic radiation located close to the head and consequently its intense use may cause harmful effects particularly in younger population. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of electromagnetic field of the mobile phone on the pituitary gland of the child. Methods. In order to obtain the more accurate results for this research 3D realistic model of child's head whose size corresponds to an average child (7 years old) was created. Electric field distribution in child head model and values of Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) at the region of pituitary gland were determined. This study was performed for the frequencies of 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, and 2100 MHz, as the most commonly used in mobile communications. The special attention was dedicated to the values of the electric field and the values of the SAR in the pituitary gland. For all frequencies over 10 g and 1 g of tissue average SAR was calculated. The electric field distribution and values of average SAR for 10 g and 1 g trough the model of child's head were obtained by the using numerical calculation based on the Finite Integration Technique (FIT). Results. The largest value of electric field in the region of the pituitary gland was at the frequency of 900 MHz, as a consequence of the highest penetration depth. Lower values of the electric field in the region of the pituitary gland were at frequencies of 1,800 MHz and 2,100 MHz. The SAR in the pituitary gland decreased as the frequency increased as a direct consequence of lower penetration depth. Conclusion. The electric field strength from a mobile phone is higher than the value specified by standards for the maximum allowable exposure limits. The high values of the electric field are not only in the vicinity of a mobile phone but also in tissues and organs of the human head. Particular attention should be paid to the exposure of children to radiation of mobile phones. Smaller dimensions of children?s head and smaller thickness of tissues and organs have as a consequence greater penetration of electromagnetic waves.

Examination of a Split Transformer Arrangement for the Inductive Link of Contactless Power Transfer Systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 856 ◽  
pp. 178-183
Author(s):  
Eleni Gati ◽  
Antonios G. Kladas ◽  
Stefanos N. Manias
Keyword(s):  
Human Exposure ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Cost Comparison ◽  
Transfer System ◽  
Power Transfer ◽  
Exposure Limits ◽  
Inductive Power Transfer ◽  
Air Gaps ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Contactless Power Transfer

In this work, a split transformer topology is proposed for use in a wireless electric vehicle charger. The topology presents desirable characteristics concerning minimization of the air gap, easiness of alignment, weight and cost. Comparison is performed with spiral topologies presented in relevant literature. The coupling coefficient of the system for various air gaps and misalignment conditions is extracted by 3D finite element simulations and experimentally validated by a 3 kW prototype inductive power transfer system. The magnetic field at nominal power of operation is also simulated for evaluation of the compliance to the human exposure limits.

Simulation Study of the Array Antenna

2014 ◽  
Vol 602-605 ◽  
pp. 2978-2981
Author(s):  
Gang Wu ◽  
Yu Tang
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Field Intensity ◽  
Electric Field Intensity ◽  
Array Antenna ◽  
Accurate Data ◽  
Array Pattern ◽  
Electric And Magnetic Field ◽  
Zone Field ◽  
Symmetrical Center ◽  
Primary Pattern

In this paper, after introducing the concept of far zone field, expression of the electric and magnetic field intensities of symmetrical center-fed dipole is derived based on structure of the array antenna by the electric field intensity formula of symmetrical center-fed dipole. When the electric field intensity of the array antenna is known, the direction function of the array antenna is obtained by concept of the primary pattern and array pattern , Finally, computer programming simulation is used to realize the visualization of the direction function of the primary pattern and array pattern. . In this way, the accurate data and precise curve are obtained so the goal of direct-viewing analysis of the problems is achieved.

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