scholarly journals Cronobiological and Sleep Related Aspects Associated to Neurodevelopment and Academic Performance in Pediatric Age

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
Miguel Meira e Cruz ◽  
◽  
Fernanda Dubourg ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Biological Rhythms ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Behavioral Performance ◽  
Sleep Physiology ◽  
Timing System ◽  
Circadian Timing System ◽  
Main Representative

Biological rhythms and sleep as their main representative are relevant biofunctional factors to the neuro-cognitive and behavioral development with particular interest in pediatric domain. Some aspects associated to central nervous system and higher function homeostasis, like social-afective equilibrium, critical judgement and memories consolidations and learning, have, in this phase of life, a relationship with the circadian timing system stability and with cronotype. On the other hand, inadequate or insufficient sleep has a negative impact in several biopsychosocial parameters interacting with these domains and conditioning the normal development causing changes in neuro-cognitive and behavioral performance. This review looked for the fundamental aspects of chronobiology and sleep physiology applied to neurodevelopment and its impact in the educational context regarding academic performance.

scholarly journals Adenosine integrates light and sleep signalling for the regulation of circadian timing in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aarti Jagannath ◽  
Norbert Varga ◽  
Robert Dallmann ◽  
Gianpaolo Rando ◽  
Pauline Gosselin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Circadian Timing ◽  
Receptor Signalling ◽  
Sleep Physiology ◽  
Timing System ◽  
Circadian Timing System

AbstractThe accumulation of adenosine is strongly correlated with the need for sleep and the detection of sleep pressure is antagonised by caffeine. Caffeine also affects the circadian timing system directly and independently of sleep physiology, but how caffeine mediates these effects upon the circadian clock is unclear. Here we identify an adenosine-based regulatory mechanism that allows sleep and circadian processes to interact for the optimisation of sleep/wake timing in mice. Adenosine encodes sleep history and this signal modulates circadian entrainment by light. Pharmacological and genetic approaches demonstrate that adenosine acts upon the circadian clockwork via adenosine A1/A2A receptor signalling through the activation of the Ca2+ -ERK-AP-1 and CREB/CRTC1-CRE pathways to regulate the clock genes Per1 and Per2. We show that these signalling pathways converge upon and inhibit the same pathways activated by light. Thus, circadian entrainment by light is systematically modulated on a daily basis by sleep history. These findings contribute to our understanding of how adenosine integrates signalling from both light and sleep to regulate circadian timing in mice.

Circadian rhythms, sleep, and anti-cancer treatments

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasquale F. Innominato ◽  
David Spiegel
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Timing System ◽  
Physical Wellbeing ◽  
Circadian Timing System ◽  
Chemotherapy Agents

The circadian timing system temporally regulates biological functions relevant for psycho-physical wellbeing, spanning all the systems related to health. Hence, disruption of circadian rhythms, along with sleep cycles, is associated with the development of several diseases, including cancer. Moreover, altered circadian and sleep functions negatively impact on cancer patients’ quality of life and survival, above and beyond known determinants of outcome. This alteration can occur as a consequence of cancer, but also of anti-cancer treatments. Indeed, circadian rhythms govern also the ability of detoxifying chemotherapy agents across the 24 hours. Hence, adapting chemotherapy delivery to the molecular oscillations in relevant drug pathways can decrease toxicity to healthy cells, while increasing the number of cancer cells killing. This chronomodulated chemotherapy approach, together with the maintenance of proper circadian function throughtout the whole disease challenge, would finally result in safer and more active anticancer treatments, and in patients experiencing better quality and quantity of life.

A Study on impact of smartphone addiction on academic performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.6) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Chaudhury ◽  
Hrudaya Kumar Tripathy
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Smartphone Addiction ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Outdoor Sports ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Masses ◽  
The Impact

Smartphone addiction is increasingly affecting the masses and is negatively impacting the younger generation. Several researches have been done to study the impact of internet and smartphone addiction. However no work has been done to predetermine academic performance from smartphone addiction using data mining techniques. A total of 222 University students participated in the questionnaire. The survey questionnaire consisted of demographic information, internet access pattern and smartphone addiction pattern. Data was analysed using machine learning techniques using classification models. The results further encouraged us to find the correlation between smartphone addiction and academic performance. Pearson’ correlation was used to establish that smartphone usage had a negative impact on academic performance. Additionally other attributes like internet connectivity and active involvement in outdoor sports activities were investigated. Experimental results confirmed a negative correlation of these attributes with academic performance. The findings were of immense use and could be used to reduce the internet addiction amongst the student community and also enhance their academic performance

Absenteeism and performance in a quantitative module A quantile regression analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranab Kumar Pani ◽  
Pallavi Kishore
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Learning Styles ◽  
Quantile Regression ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Classroom Environment ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Quantile Regression Analysis ◽  
And Performance

Purpose – There is growing evidence that learning is faster, measurably better and more productive in a classroom setting when a student attends classes regularly. Each student brings in his/her experience, skills, and unique learning styles to a class – thus a classroom environment can potentially create positive externalities through which a student can gain substantially from various strengths of his/her peers. However, students do remain absent from their classes for a variety of reasons. One of the measurable effects of regular non-attendance in a university class, where students from various cultures and regions interact, is the academic performance. The purpose of this paper is to determine if there is any potential causal link between absenteeism (attendance) and academic performance. Design/methodology/approach – Data were culled from the records of three batches of students in a British university campus in the Middle East. Quantile regression methods were used to establish the causal relationship between absenteeism and academic performance. Findings – A quantile regression analysis reveals that absenteeism has negative impact on academic performance. This also suggests that low performers are worse affected by absenteeism as compared to the high performers. Research limitations/implications – Inclusion of some other factors, such as study habits, additional hours spent on quantitative modules, student’s ethnicity background, particularly in the context of United Arab Emirates, could have emboldened the robustness of the study. Non-availability or paucity of this information, to some degree, has limited the conclusions of this study. Originality/value – Proponents of mandatory attendance argue that there is a positive correlation between attendance and performance. But, one very important issue which gets overlooked is who actually benefits more by attending classes – are the shirkers who have a poor attendance record or the ones who are more sincere, more regular, and active participants in a class? This study uses quantile regression analysis to address this issue.

scholarly journals Metabolic disturbances: role of the circadian timing system and sleep

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navin Adhikary ◽  
Santosh Lal Shrestha ◽  
Jia Zhong Sun
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Circadian Timing ◽  
Timing System ◽  
Circadian Timing System

Transient circadian internal desynchronization after light-dark phase shift in monkeys

1977 ◽  
Vol 232 (1) ◽  
pp. R31-R37 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Moore-Ede ◽  
D. A. Kass ◽  
J. A. Herd
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Saimiri Sciureus ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Dark Phase ◽  
Dark Cycle ◽  
Water Excretion ◽  
Urinary Potassium ◽  
Timing System ◽  
Internal Desynchronization ◽  
Circadian Timing System

In four conscious chair-acclimatized squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) studied with lights on (600 lx) from 0800 to 2000 h daily (LD 12:12), prominent 24-h rhythms in feeding, drinking, activity, body temperature, and urinary potassium, sodium, and water excretion were seen. When the monkeys were subjected to 36 h of darkness followed by 36 h of light each variable demonstrated a circadian rhythm which was not passively dependent on the light-dark cycle. After the 24-h light-dark cycle was abruptly phase-delayed by 8 h, all the rhythms resynchronized with the new light-dark cycle phase, demonstrating that light-dark cycles are an effective zeitgeber. However, the resynchronization of the rhythms of feeding, drinking, activity, and body temperature was 90% complete within approximately 2 days while the 90% resynchronization of the urinary rhythms took approximately 5 days. These results suggest that the circadian timing system in S. sciureus may consist of several spontaneously oscillating units which can become transiently uncoupled during pertubations of environmental time cues.

scholarly journals The challenges of adolescent sleep

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 20190080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaby Illingworth
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Period ◽  
Sleep Health ◽  
Insufficient Sleep ◽  
Cognitive Health ◽  
Circadian Timing ◽  
Timing System ◽  
Adolescent Sleep ◽  
Circadian Timing System ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
Adolescent Functioning

Sleep is vital for our physical, emotional and cognitive health. However, adolescents face many challenges where their sleep is concerned. This is reflected in their sleep patterns including the timing of their sleep and how much sleep they achieve on a regular basis: their sleep is characteristically delayed and short. Notably, insufficient sleep is associated with impairments in adolescent functioning. Endogenous and exogenous factors are known to affect sleep at this age. Alterations in the bioregulation of sleep, comprising the circadian timing system and the sleep/wake homeostatic system, represent the intrinsic mechanisms at work. Compounding this, environmental, psychosocial and lifestyle factors may contribute to shortened sleep. This review discusses the amount of sleep gained by adolescents and its implications, the challenges to adolescent sleep and the interventions introduced in an effort to prioritize sleep health in this important developmental period.

scholarly journals Nature of Academic Programs, Epistemological Beliefs and Their Impact on Pakistani University Students’ Academic Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 781-803
Author(s):  
Rafaquat Ali ◽  
Bushra Shoukat ◽  
Rabia Bahoo
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
University Students ◽  
Epistemological Beliefs ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Academic Programs ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
The Impact

The students’ academic behaviours and academic performance differ with their epistemological beliefs. Different social-cultural and educational contexts inculcate differences in students’ epistemological beliefs. However, the impact of the nature of the academic programs on students’ epistemological beliefs is most obvious. The students of different disciplines can have different epistemological beliefs. These different epistemological beliefs differ in their impact on students’ academic performance and academic behaviour. Hence, the current study evaluated the interrelationships of various educational programs and epistemological beliefs and their importance in students’ academic performance. The volunteer university students provided data about their academic programs, epistemological beliefs, and academic performance. Researchers used the Generalized Structured Component Analysis approach to calculate the suitability of specified measurement and structural models. The impact of subjects of the soft field of study such as Behavioural Sciences, English Literature was negative on naive epistemological beliefs in knowledge structure and omniscient authority compared to subjects of the hard field of studies such as Mathematical, Physical Sciences, and Biological Sciences. The Business Sciences from the soft applied field of study had the least noticeable negative impact on naive epistemological beliefs compared to other subjects of pure soft and pure hard field of studies. Only, the belief in quick learning had a significant negative impact on students’ academic performance.

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