scholarly journals Kunstverkets nødvendighet

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-40
Author(s):  
Øivind Varkøy
Keyword(s):  
Human Subject ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Social Origins ◽  
Work Of Art ◽  
The Third ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
The World ◽  
Ways Of Thinking ◽  
Better Than

A work of art is never just a thing or an object. In the art experience, a relationship is established between a person and a part-subject/part-object, never between a person and just a “thing”. These claims are in a certain tension with the well-known critique of the traditional western focus on music as works or objects. The discussion in this essay is based on three premises. The first premise is that our object-oriented understanding of music is historically and socially constructed. The second premise is that the historical and social origins of all ways of thinking in no way prevent some ways of thinking from being “better” than others. This opens up the possibility of being able to think that some ways of relating to music are more meaningful than others. The third premise is that a fundamental prerequisite for moving encounters between the human subject and music is the very idea of music as a work of art (as a part-subject/part-object). The necessity of a rethinking of the work of art as a part-subject/part-object is related to the possibility of re-romanticization, re-describing the world poetically.

Distinction between Dolus and Culpa with reference to Arson in Zakon Sudnyj LJudem, the Vinodol Law and the Statute of Senj

De Jure ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Haman ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
The Third ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Better Than

The difference between intent (dolus) and negligence (culpa) was rarely emphasized in codified medieval laws and regulations. When compared to the legal statements related to intent, negligence was mentioned even more rarely. However, there are some laws that distinguished between the two concepts in terms of some specific crimes, such as arson. This paper draws attention to three medieval Slavic legal documents – the Zakon Sudnyj LJudem (ZSLJ), the Vinodol Law and the Statute of Senj. They are compared with reference to regulations regarding arson, with the focus being on arson as a crime committed intentionally or out of negligence. The ZSLJ as the oldest known Slavic law in the world shows some similarities with other medieval Slavic legal codes, especially in the field of criminal law, since most of the ZSLJ’s articles are related to criminal law. On the other hand, the Vinodol Law is the oldest preserved Croatian law and it is among the oldest Slavic codes in the world. It was written in 1288 in the Croatian Glagolitic script and in the Croatian Chakavian dialect. The third document – the Statute of Senj – regulated legal matters in the Croatian littoral town of Senj. It was written in 1388 – exactly a century after the Vinodol Law was proclaimed. When comparing the Vinodol Law and the Statute of Senj with the Zakon Sudnyj LJudem, there are clear differences and similarities, particularly in the field of criminal law. Within the framework of criminal offenses, the act of arson is important for making a distinction between intent and negligence. While the ZSLJ regulates different levels of guilt, the Vinodol Law makes no difference between dolus and culpa. On the other hand, the Statute of Senj strictly refers to negligence as a punishable crime. Even though the ZSLJ is almost half a millennium older than the Statute of Senj and around 400 years older than the Vinodol Law, this paper proves that the ZSLJ defines the guilt and the punishment for arson much better than the other two laws.

scholarly journals Estetiche della percezione

2007 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Work Of Art ◽  
Symbolic Form ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The World ◽  
Lively Debate ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Contemporary Artists

This book is a continuation of the lively debate launched in Dall'oggetto estetico all'oggetto artistico which the same editors published with Firenze University Press. The argument of the book is the organic link connecting the two thematic axes that define the ambit of aesthetics: the theory of perception and reflection on the arts. The apparent tautology of the title is intended to stress how the interpenetration of perception and work of art is structural and organic, thus calling up the theoretical urgency of this problem for an effective understanding of the dynamics of the sense of art as a "symbolic form" in which the relation between the mind and the world is embodied in an exemplary manner. The book is divided into three sections. The first presents nuclei of reflection emerging from unconventional contemporary perspectives. The second addresses various angles of the theory of perception. Finally, the third part explores several cases in which contemporary artists have tackled the link between expressive practice and the articulation of perception.

American Art and Illegal Activity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. Ekelund ◽  
John D. Jackson ◽  
Robert D. Tollison
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Money Laundering ◽  
American Art ◽  
Art World ◽  
Criminal Enterprise ◽  
Work Of Art ◽  
Illegal Activity ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World

This chapter presents an economic characterization of theft and fakery in the art world generally and with respect to American art specifically. When costs are low or benefits are high, there is more theft and fakery. That happens to be the case in the generally opaque market for art. With low national and international enforcement and higher and higher prices for art, we should not be surprised that art crime is the third largest criminal enterprise in the world. Art is used as “money” in drug operations and in money laundering of other illicit activities. Authenticity through experts, provenance, and exhibition records may add credence or establishment of authenticity to a work of art but, in many case, such “credence” may be faked. The story of art crime is told through a multiplicity of examples and “case studies,” derived primarily from theft and fakery of American art.

Atopias

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Neyrat
Keyword(s):  
Object Oriented ◽  
Global Studies ◽  
Speculative Realism ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Classical Philosophy ◽  
Self Differentiation ◽  
Object Oriented Ontology ◽  
Excluded Middle ◽  
Living Being

Atopias argues for a transcendence that is a relation between thought and the world, rather than an object or a substance that escapes the world. In doing so, Atopies intervenes within the fields of object-oriented ontology and speculative realism, as well as classical philosophy, psychoanalysis, structuralism, poststructuralism, ecology, and global studies. The book posits that existence must be thought prior to being. Neyrat’s radical existentialism becomes the basis for a new theory of being, understood as the self-differentiation of the existent. Such self-differentiation, or spacing, is fundamentally different than the “Grand Divides” that postructuralist theories have critiqued. The first part of the book develops a critique of saturated immanence, or a world that attempts to immunize itself by rejecting forms of transcendence. From here the book turns to an internal divergence at the heart of philosophy, offering a new reading of Socrates. The second part of the book is a theory of the “trans-ject,” or an existing living being that is formed from the outside. The third section of the book examines the creation of metaphysical propositions through the transgression of the law of the excluded middle. Elaborating a politics of existence, Atopias calls us to defend the eccentricity of the living against that which prevents the living from existing.

scholarly journals Economic recovery in the world and in the United States at the beginning of the third decade

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
P. A. Aksenov
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Budget Deficit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Fiscal Stimulus ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Merchandise Trade ◽  
Economic Growth Rates ◽  
Better Than

The speed of the economic is estimated to improve at the beginning of the third decade. After pandemic stress and economic restrictions of the last year, the domestic product of the world is expected to grow during the current year, with G 20 countries (as a whole), and especially China, doing better than the world and much better than for example the countries of the euro zone. The economic activities in the United States, after slowing at the end of the last year; tend to grow higher than the major advanced economies in Europe are projected. Different economic growth rates are also among the sectors, and the economies that most dependent on travel, tourism, other services suffer most. As to world merchandise trade it shows returning to pre-pandemic levels. But time is needed for consumer confidence recovering progress, labour market improving, losses due to increased poverty. Meanwhile the fiscal support continues growing with records leading, for example, in the United States to budget deficit exceeding one of the last year. The effects of the planned fiscal stimulus remain mainly uncertain concerning both economic activities and the prospects of raising tax revenues to moderate the speed of growing budget deficit.

The New Materialism

2018 ◽  
pp. 96-106
Author(s):  
David Wood
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Hybrid Model ◽  
New Materialism ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
New Words ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
The World ◽  
Ways Of Thinking ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Post Humanism

Post-humanism throws up deep questions about agency and responsibility at a point in human and terrestrial history at which we most urgently need answers. Do new materialists—a cluster of contemporary thinkers influenced by Spinoza, Deleuze, and feminism—help us with such answers? Is it enough to speak of the agency of things? Or a hybrid model in which humans share agency with natural forces? Or to rethink agents not as independent beings but essentially relational, assemblages? Is new materialism any better than the old one? It offers ways of thinking and talking that attempt to overcome or displace patterns of thought that generate blind repetitions of empty formulae. Following Deleuze, new materialism attempts to overcome the ways in which we are caught up in reactive forces, which has a direct impact on how we respond to climate change. But it is less plausible as ontology, often falling into performative self-contradiction, and more significant as discursive innovation. It opens the world in new ways, refiguring matter with new words, new concepts. It wants to point to the resistance, recalcitrance, and powers of things, but much of the work takes place in transforming our discursive inheritance.

The Economic Situation

1962 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 4-20
Keyword(s):  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Better Than

Only if the underlying upward trend in exports continues is output this year likely to do better than recover its loss in the second half of last year. This review of the economic situation begins in the first section with exports so far, the world economic situation and exports prospects. The second section deals with home demand and output. The third section sums up the outlook for the economy and the balance of payments.

A Developmental Study of Intonation Recognition

1968 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 825-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn M. Corlew
Keyword(s):  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Developmental Study ◽  
Multiple Choice Test ◽  
The Third ◽  
Matching Test ◽  
Better Than

Two experiments investigated the information conveyed by intonation from speaker to listener. A multiple-choice test was devised to test the ability of 48 adults to recognize and label intonation when it was separated from all other meaning. Nine intonation contours whose labels were most agreed upon by adults were each matched with two English sentences (one with appropriate and one with inappropriate intonation and semantic content) to make a matching-test for children. The matching-test was tape-recorded and given to children in the first, third, and fifth grades (32 subjects in each grade). The first-grade children matched the intonations with significantly greater agreement than chance; but they agreed upon significantly fewer sentences than either the third or fifth graders. Some intonation contours were matched with significantly greater frequency than others. The performance of the girls was better than that of the boys on an impatient question and a simple command which indicates that there was a significant interaction between sex and intonation.

Using Connectionist Modules for Decision Support

1990 ◽  
Vol 29 (03) ◽  
pp. 167-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hripcsak
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Posterior Probability ◽  
Back Propagation ◽  
Connectionist Model ◽  
Test Set ◽  
The Third ◽  
Independent Test ◽  
Better Than

AbstractA connectionist model for decision support was constructed out of several back-propagation modules. Manifestations serve as input to the model; they may be real-valued, and the confidence in their measurement may be specified. The model produces as its output the posterior probability of disease. The model was trained on 1,000 cases taken from a simulated underlying population with three conditionally independent manifestations. The first manifestation had a linear relationship between value and posterior probability of disease, the second had a stepped relationship, and the third was normally distributed. An independent test set of 30,000 cases showed that the model was better able to estimate the posterior probability of disease (the standard deviation of residuals was 0.046, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.046-0.047) than a model constructed using logistic regression (with a standard deviation of residuals of 0.062, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.062-0.063). The model fitted the normal and stepped manifestations better than the linear one. It accommodated intermediate levels of confidence well.

Optimum Structure of the Banking Market: How Many Banks Are Necessary for Russia?

2006 ◽  
pp. 75-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Moiseev
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Optimum Structure ◽  
Population Number ◽  
The Third ◽  
Banking Market ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Equilibrium Number

The number of classical banks in the world has reduced. In the majority of countries the number of banks does not exceed 200. The uniqueness of the Russian banking sector is that in this respect it takes the third place in the world after the USA and Germany. The paper reviews the conclusions of the economic theory about the optimum structure of the banking market. The empirical analysis shows that the number of banks in a country is influenced by the size of its territory, population number and GDP per capita. Our econometric estimate is that the equilibrium number of banks in Russia should be in a range of 180-220 units.

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