scholarly journals Guanxi, Social Capital and Networking

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Gema I. Sornoza-Parrales ◽  
Adrián O. Macías-Loor ◽  
Adriana Castillo-Merino ◽  
Sandra P. Toala-Bozada ◽  
Mónica del Pilar Quinónez-Cercado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
The West ◽  
Central Concept ◽  
Social Exchanges ◽  
Mutual Dependence ◽  
Great Responsibility ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Over Time

<p style="text-align: justify;">This article synthesizes the meaning and importance of Guanxi which is describes as the basic dynamics of personalized networks of influence and constitutes a central concept in Chinese society. Based on their own definitions of relationships, the West usually interprets it as a set of relationships and connections. However, it is much more complicated and intricate. Guanxi is one of the most powerful forces in Chinese culture, encompassing the idea of a complex series of connections of individuals and families with which a person is connected. Guanxi is created and deepened over time and brings with it a great responsibility in terms of social exchanges and favors. Understanding the role of Guanxi in business is very important to develop fruitful relationships in China. The nature of Guanxi reciprocity and the implicit obligations are one of the main reasons why the Chinese are reluctant to embark on deep business relationships with people they do not know. Literally "Guanxi" means the connection between two or more people through a relationship of mutual dependence that includes the realization of reciprocal personal gifts and favors.</p>

Patterns of Symptom Distress in Adults Receiving Treatment for Lung Cancer

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Cooley ◽  
Thomas H. Short ◽  
Helene J. Moriarty
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Symptom Distress ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Knowledge of the patterns of symptom distress in adults receiving treatment for lung cancer is an important first step in developing interventions that can potentially lessen symptom distress. The purposes of this secondary analysis were to describe the changes in patterns of symptom distress over time in adults receiving treatment for lung cancer, and to examine the relationship of selected demographic and clinical characteristics to symptom distress. Complete data were available for 117 patients. The patterns of symptom distress in adults receiving treatment for lung cancer varied between treatment groups and over time. Symptom distress scores were moderate to high on entry into the study, indicating that symptom management in newly diagnosed lung cancer patients is essential and should begin early in the course of illness. Moreover, clinical interventions should be tailored to the type of treatment. Various demographic and clinical variables were weak and inconsistent predictors of symptom distress, underscoring the importance of examining the role of psychosocial factors in mediating symptom distress.

scholarly journals PERANAN PAGUYUBAN TIONGHOA PURBALINGGA DALAM PELESTARIAN TRADISI CAP GO MEHPERANAN PAGUYUBAN TIONGHOA PURBALINGGA DALAM PELESTARIAN TRADISI CAP GO MEH

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rina Fitriyani
Keyword(s):  
Filial Piety ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Chinese Community ◽  
Interactive Analysis ◽  
Development And Utilization

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menggambarkan peran Paguyuban Tionghoa Purbalingga (PTP) dalam menjaga kebudayaan Tionghoa, khususnya tradisi Cap Go Meh. Sebelum  Paguyuban Tionghoa Purbalingga terbentuk, perayaan Cap Go Meh hanya dirayakan dalam lingkup keluarga dan di dalam rumah saja, akan tetapi setelah adanya Paguyuban Tionghoa Purbalingga tradisi ini dirayakan secara terbuka sehingga tidak hanya golongan Tionghoa yang merasakan akan tetapi juga masyarakat Purbalingga. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan lokasi penelitian di kabupaten Purbalingga. Menggunakan bentuk analisis interaktif, penelitian ini menghasilkan fakta-fakta sebagai berikut. Bentuk-bentuk pelestarian tradisi Cap Go Meh meliputi perlindungan, pengembangan, dan pemanfaatan tradisi Cap Go Meh. Makna tradisi Cap Go Meh bagi masyarakat Tionghoa Purbalingga adalah wujud syukur, dan sarana berkumpul. Tradisi ini mengandung nilai 8 Jalan Kebenaran bagi golongan Tionghoa sesuai ajaran Tridharma Tionghoa yaitu kesetiaan (loyality), integritas (integrity), kesopanan (propriety), kebenaran moral (righteousness), kehormatan (honour), bakti (filial piety), kebajikan (kindness), kasih sayang (love).The objective of this study is to describe the role of Chinese Society of Purbalingga (PTP) in conserving Chinese culture, especially the tradition of Cap Go Meh. Before the establishment of the Chinese Society of Purbalingga, Cap Go Meh was celebrated only in the sphere of family and home, but after the Chinese Society of Purbalingga was established, the tradition was celebrated openly so that not only the Chinese but also people of Purbalingga can feel its presence. The study method used is qualitative approach and the research sites is in the district Purbalingga. Using the form of interactive analysis, this research found the following facts. Preservation of Cap Go Meh tradition include these practices: protection, development, and utilization of Cap Go Meh tradition. The meaning of Cap Go Meh tradition for the Chinese community in Purbalingga is an act of gratitude, and means of assembly. Besides, this tradition contains the value of 8 way sof truth according to the teachings of the Chinese Tridharma, loyality, integrity,  propriety, righteousness, honor, filial piety, kindness, and love.

scholarly journals Critica Literară Românească Din Perspectiva Metodelor De Analiză Autocolonială (1840-1939)

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
David Morariu
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
The Self ◽  
Economic Report ◽  
The West ◽  
Central Concept ◽  
Critical Discourses ◽  
The Way

AbstractThis study aims to analyze the Romanian critical discourses of the second half of the 19th century and especially of the first half of the 20th century, starting from the central concept of “self-colonization”, coined by Alexander Kiossev. The article opens with the conceptual delimiting of the phenomenon imposed by the Bulgarian theoretician and with the hypothesis that Romanian culture can be attributed to self-colonizing cultures. The demonstration of this hypothesis consists of three arguments. The critical discourses belonging to G. Ibrăileanu, E. Lovinescu and C. Dobrogeanu-Gherea highlight, firstly, some of the characteristics of this self-subordination relation. The way the first two emphasize the role of imitation, the necessity of adopting the foreign models and the way Gherea treats the dependence upon the West under an economic report, represent, briefly, the center of the first part of the demonstration. The second one brings to the fore Mihail Kogălniceanu and Titu Maiorescu’s profiles, their discourses being characterized by clumsiness and flaws so typical for a culture found in an early stage of its development. The last argument broadens the scope of the demonstration in the sense that the analysis focuses on social and economic delimiting. The purpose of this delimiting is to establish which are the areas that are more responsive to the manifestation of the self-colonizing phenomenon.

The Literati and the Dao

2019 ◽  
pp. 373-392
Author(s):  
Scott Lash
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Holy Roman Empire ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Nation State ◽  
The West ◽  
Imperial State

This chapter develops the argument that China is a civilizational state and follows a trajectory different from that of the Western nation-state. Weber is correct in selecting features of Chinese culture and social and political structure that stand in contrast to Western forms of rationalization: the role of magic, the particularism of guilds, the absence of the Western polis and Roman law, and the universalism demanded of Christianity in contrast to the religions of southeast Asia. Following Sheldon Pollock’s The Language of the Gods in the World of Men, the nature of language itself differentiates Latin in the West, Sanskrit in south and southeast Asia, and Chinese analogical language in China. Language, or langue-pensée, has a determining effect on stratification and configurations of power, especially in the development of the vernacularization of language as a precondition for the nation-state. China, in contrast to India and the West, resisted vernacularization. It is as if the West had kept to the Latin of the Holy Roman Empire. The nature of Chinese language therefore is intrinsic to the civilization and imperial state in China to this day.

The Biographical Approach to Chinese History: A Symposium: Preliminary Reflections

1962 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-455
Author(s):  
Howard L. Boorman
Keyword(s):  
Annual Meeting ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Historical Writing ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
The West ◽  
Special Position ◽  
Biographical Approach ◽  
The Individual

The distinctive, albeit controversial, role of the individual in history has given rise in the West to the development of biography as a special field of literature and historical writing. In China, the writing of biography has for many centuries also occupied a special position, a position shaped both by the forms and purposes of Chinese historical writing and by the fabric of Chinese society. The papers of this symposium, presented originally at the 1961 annual meeting of the American Historical Association, offer a preliminary assessment of the place of biographical writing in China and may serve to suggest avenues for further fruitful study and research.

scholarly journals Sports Participation For Hong Kong Women And Hong Kong Initiatives

1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-30
Author(s):  
Mee Lee LEUNG
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Value System ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Child Bearing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Changing Role

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.Historically, sports was globally understood within the context of a masculine value system both in the Eastern and Western Societies. The 'Ying' and the 'Yang' stand for female and male in the Chinese culture implied that the female are more fragile and submissive where as the male being more aggressive and stronger. With 90% of the population in Hong Kong being Chinese, the cultural belief in a Chinese society that "Women's place should be in the home" has confined women to attend household chores and child bearing activities. In early 20th century, with the changing role of women in China and especially in Hong Kong, women are more active that they were a decade ago. Women are equal nowadays in a wide range of activities because they are better educated, play a more committed role and live a more active life. Thus, their participation in sports has increased in the past decade both in recreation and in competition. This paper attempts to report on Hong Kong women's participation in major games and also to recommend strategies which can further enhance women's place in sports.歷史上，無論東西方社會，運動廣泛地被視為屬於雄性的項目。正如中國以陰陽來代表女男一樣，女性被認為較順從和脆弱的，而男性則較強壯和具攻擊性。在九成人口都是中國人的香港社會中，「女性應該留在家裡」的觀念曾規限著女性須要處理家務和照顧孩子的責任。踏入20世紀，女性對社會事務的參與也開始積極起來。時至今日，香港的女性在多方面都能跟男性般獲得平等對待。她們不單止得到較佳的敎育機會， 在社會的角色也越來越重要。因此，無論在運動比賽及健體活動上，女性的參與比十年前的大為提高。究竟香港女性過去在主要運動競賽上的參與情況和未來女性在運動發展上方針應該如何?這都是本文探討的綱領。

scholarly journals Pralaužiant geležinę uždangą: Rusijos disidentų vaidmuo perduodant laisvą žodį į Vakarus

2009 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 54-69
Author(s):  
Egidijus Jaseliūnas
Keyword(s):  
Free Speech ◽  
Main Channel ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Iron Curtain ◽  
The West ◽  
Exchange Of Information ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Relationship Of

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama, kaip sovietų valdžios totalinės žodžio kontrolės suvaržyta Lietuvos visuomenė XX amžiaus aštuntajame dešimtmetyje rado išeitį, leidusią perduoti necenzūruotą informaciją į Vakarų pasaulį. Siekiama atskleisti, kaip ir kodėl efektyviausias, o dažnai ir vienintelis būdas perduoti valdžios necenzūruojamą informaciją į laisvąjį pasaulį tapo Rusijos disidentai. Pasitelkus istorijos mokslo metodus, analizuojama informacijos kaita tarp lietuvių ir rusų periodinės savilaidos, t. y. unikalaus reiškinio, kurį galima įvardyti terminu „piliečių žurnalistika.“ Aštuntajame dešimtmetyje šis informacijos keitimasis tapo reiškiniu, dariusiu įtaką Sovietų Sąjungos vidaus gyvenimui ir viešajai nuomonei Vakaruose.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: savilaida, periodinė savilaida, „Lietuvos Katalikų Bažnyčios kronika“, „Einamųjų įvykių kronika“, disidentai, cenzūra, Sovietų Sąjunga.Breaking the Iron Curtain: The Role of Russian Dissidents in Conveying the Free Speech to the WestEgidijus Jaseliūnas SummaryThe article analyzes relationship of Lithuanian dissidents with dissidents in Russia, through which in the soviet period uncensored information was conveyed to the West. The very first relations were attained in the end of the 50 s. However, at this time there were no attempts to convey uncensored information to the West through this channel. The relations developed with the formation of the dissident movements. Thus, the situation changed in the beginning of the 70 s, and samizdat played a very important role in this process. Dissidents in Russia became the main channel to distribute uncensored information about the situation in Lithuania to the West. The exchange of information, as well as the distribution of samizdat production, were a spontaneous and unorganized phenomenon.

Neuroscience-Based Lie Detection: The Urgent Need for Regulation

2007 ◽  
Vol 33 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 377-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry T. Greely ◽  
Judy Illes
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Chinese Character ◽  
Lie Detection ◽  
Graphic Representation ◽  
The West ◽  
Chinese Scholars ◽  
Relational Aspect ◽  
Technical Illustration

“Illustration” or “map” are among the most frequently used words for translating the Chinese character tu, a graphic representation of any phenomenon that can be pictured in life and society, whether in traditional China or elsewhere. Investigations of the early role of tu in Chinese culture first set out to answer questions about who produced tu, the background of its originator, and the originator's purpose. How were pictures conceptualized? Interpreted? In examining tu, Chinese scholars stressed the relational aspect of tu and shu (writing) to answer both these questions, as well as to the importance of not robbing an image of its overall beauty and life with too much graphic detail. In the West, specific concepts of technical or scientific illustrations did not exist before the Renaissance. With the coming of that age, technical illustration became a specific branch of knowledge and activity, with its own specific goals and ends.

The paradigms of religious and philosophical plurality

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiziana Lippiello
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Chinese Values ◽  
Philosophy And Religion ◽  
Traditional Chinese Culture ◽  
Chinese Scholars ◽  
China Today

The beginning of the twentieth century marked the confutation and negation of traditional Chinese values by intellectuals, who thought that Confucianism, and in general traditional Chinese culture, had hindered scientific, economic, and social progress. Nonetheless, we are now witnessing a revival of the tradition, from a political and cultural perspective, aiming to address and provide resolutions to the contradictions and issues of contemporary societies. Which are the most valuable traditions in China today, and what is their impact on Chinese society? This paper will provide some of the theories promoted by Chinese scholars and their interpretation of the role of philosophy and religion today.

Is Seeing Believing?

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 190-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Eyssel ◽  
Daniel Geschke ◽  
Wolfgang Frindte
Keyword(s):  
Communication Theory ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Channel Preference ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Abstract. Islamophobia is a severe issue in Germany and other Western societies. To advance our understanding and contribute to possible solutions, the present two-wave field study investigated the role of TV consumption in the emergence and maintenance of Islamophobia in a weighted sample of non-Muslim Germans (N = 97; aged 14–33 years). Past research has indicated a negative bias in Islam-related news coverage, which is especially extreme on German private TV channels. The present study investigated the relationship between TV consumption and Islamophobia using Slater’s theory of reinforcing spirals of media selectivity and effects ( Slater, 2007 , Communication Theory, 17, 281–303). It sought to investigate the validity of and to refine Slater’s theory. Thus, TV consumption was differentiated between quantity and quality (divided between preference for public channels ARD/ZDF and private channels RTL/Sat.1). We hypothesized (a) a significant cross-sectional relationship of quantity and quality of TV consumption (preference for public/private channels) to the Islamophobia level, and (b) a mutual reinforcement of quantity/quality of TV consumption and Islamophobia over time. Results of step-wise linear regressions showed significant relations of private channel preference to levels of Islamophobia (cross-sectional) and a mutually reinforcing spiral process between the private channel preference and Islamophobia over time. The results emphasize (a) the importance of a specification of the construct of media use central to Slater's theory and (b) the need for an improvement of the Islam-related news coverage to decrease Islamophobia in Germany.

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