scholarly journals Short-term WASH interventions in emergency responses in low- and middle-income countries

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis Yates ◽  
◽  
Jelena Allen ◽  
Myriam Leandre Joseph ◽  
Daniele Lantagne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Term ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Emergency Responses ◽  
Low And Middle Income

scholarly journals Poverty, early care, and stress reactivity in adolescence: Findings from a prospective, longitudinal study in South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 449-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Pasco Fearon ◽  
Mark Tomlinson ◽  
Robert Kumsta ◽  
Sarah Skeen ◽  
Lynne Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cortisol Reactivity ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Low And Middle Income

AbstractA considerable body of evidence suggests that early caregiving may affect the short-term functioning and longer term development of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical axis. Despite this, most research to date has been cross-sectional in nature or restricted to relatively short-term longitudinal follow-ups. More important, there is a paucity of research on the role of caregiving in low- and middle-income countries, where the protective effects of high-quality care in buffering the child's developing stress regulation systems may be crucial. In this paper, we report findings from a longitudinal study (N = 232) conducted in an impoverished periurban settlement in Cape Town, South Africa. We measured caregiving sensitivity and security of attachment in infancy and followed children up at age 13 years, when we conducted assessments of hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenocortical axis reactivity, as indexed by salivary cortisol during the Trier Social Stress Test. The findings indicated that insecure attachment was predictive of reduced cortisol responses to social stress, particularly in boys, and that attachment status moderated the impact of contextual adversity on stress responses: secure children in highly adverse circumstances did not show the blunted cortisol response shown by their insecure counterparts. Some evidence was found that sensitivity of care in infancy was also associated with cortisol reactivity, but in this case, insensitivity was associated with heightened cortisol reactivity, and only for girls. The discussion focuses on the potentially important role of caregiving in the long-term calibration of the stress system and the need to better understand the social and biological mechanisms shaping the stress response across development in low- and middle-income countries.

scholarly journals A Review of Electricity Demand Forecasting in Low and Middle Income Countries: The Demand Determinants and Horizons

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 5931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneeque A. Mir ◽  
Mohammed Alghassab ◽  
Kafait Ullah ◽  
Zafar A. Khan ◽  
Yuehong Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Demand Forecasting ◽  
Electricity Demand ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Electricity Demand Forecasting ◽  
Time Horizons ◽  
Comparative Review ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Low And Middle Income

With the globally increasing electricity demand, its related uncertainties are on the rise as well. Therefore, a deeper insight of load forecasting techniques for projecting future electricity demands becomes imperative for business entities and policy makers. The electricity demand is governed by a set of different variables or “electricity demand determinants”. These demand determinants depend on forecasting horizons (long term, medium term, and short term), the load aggregation level, climate, and socio-economic activities. In this paper, a review of different electricity demand forecasting methodologies is provided in the context of a group of low and middle income countries. The article presents a comprehensive literature review by tabulating the different demand determinants used in different countries and forecasting the trends and techniques used in these countries. A comparative review of these forecasting methodologies over different time horizons reveals that the time series modeling approach has been extensively used while forecasting for long and medium terms. For short term forecasts, artificial intelligence-based techniques remain prevalent in the literature. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of the demand determinants in these countries indicates a frequent use of determinants like the population, GDP, weather, and load data over different time horizons. Following the analysis, potential research gaps are identified, and recommendations are provided, accordingly.

scholarly journals NHS links: achievements of a scheme between one London mental health trust and Uganda

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 265-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dave Baillie ◽  
Jed Boardman ◽  
Tom Onen ◽  
Cerdic Hall ◽  
Maia Gedde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Educational Partnership ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Health Trust ◽  
Low And Middle Income

SummaryThis paper describes a link between a mental health trust (the East London Foundation Trust (ELFT)) in the UK and mental health services in Uganda which has developed since 2004. the aim of the link was to help support the development of mental health services in Uganda by establishing an educational partnership. During the first 3 years, nine staff from ELFT and nine staff from Butabika, from a variety of disciplines, have made short-term exchange visits. Evaluation of the link has demonstrated that benefits have been experienced in both London and Uganda. Such links can provide one way of strategically supporting and strengthening existing health services in low- and middle-income countries.

Some Conditions for Task Shifting in Low and Middle-Income Countries

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joop de Jong ◽  
Mark Jordans ◽  
Ivan Komproe ◽  
Robert Macy ◽  
Aline & Herman Ndayisaba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Task Shifting ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income
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