The impact of formal savings on salaried workers’ spending and borrowing in Eastern Ghana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tricia Koroknay-Palicz ◽  
Markus Goldstein ◽  
Leora Klapper ◽  
Niklas Buehren ◽  
Simone Schaner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salaried Workers ◽  
The Impact

Low-Wage Workers and the Enforceability of Noncompete Agreements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lipsitz ◽  
Evan Starr
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Job Mobility ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Salaried Workers ◽  
Wage Effects ◽  
Wage Distributions ◽  
Noncompete Agreements ◽  
Hourly Workers ◽  
The Impact

We exploit the 2008 Oregon ban on noncompete agreements (NCAs) for hourly-paid workers to provide the first evidence on the impact of NCAs on low-wage workers. We find that banning NCAs for hourly workers increased hourly wages by 2%–3% on average. Since only a subset of workers sign NCAs, scaling this estimate by the prevalence of NCA use in the hourly-paid population suggests that the effect on employees actually bound by NCAs may be as great as 14%–21%, though the true effect is likely lower due to labor market spillovers onto those not bound by NCAs. Whereas the positive wage effects are found across the age, education, and wage distributions, they are stronger for female workers and in occupations where NCAs are more common. The Oregon low-wage NCA ban also improved average occupational status in Oregon, raised job-to-job mobility, and increased the proportion of salaried workers without affecting hours worked. This paper was accepted by Lamar Pierce, organizations.

The Impact of Social Policies on Income Distribution and the Labour Market in Italy

1985 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmela D'Apice ◽  
Alessandra Del Boca
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Unequal Treatment ◽  
Salaried Workers ◽  
Wage Earners ◽  
Social Expenditures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Needy

AbstractItalian social policies are divided between insurance and public assistance, an ambivalence that occasionally results in unequal treatment of equals and discriminatory distribution of benefits. Though expansion of social expenditures slowed after 1975, social programmes did not suffer real cuts until 1983. The effect of social policies on poverty is not direct: most recent changes in the income distribution reflect the effects of recession. Though the Italian share of GDP officially allocated to social expenditures is still below the average of that in other industrialized countries, resources available to the needy are understated because of informal channels within the institutional system. Although the data on income distribution are inadequate, improvements can be discerned in the lowest decile owing to transfer policies targeted on families during the 1970s. In general, the equalizing policies championed by the unions in the 1970s have improved the well-being of wage earners and salaried workers, as well as pensioners.

The feminine sector: explaining the overrepresentation of women in the nonprofit sector in the USA

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 556-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-joo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Nonprofit Sector ◽  
Industry Structure ◽  
Gender Segregation ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Content Type ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Salaried Workers ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Public Sectors ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors that affect a person's choice to work in a specific sector to understand the overrepresentation of women in the nonprofit sector in the USA. Design/methodology/approach – This study views a sector choice of prime-age salaried workers as a three-way choice among for-profit, nonprofit, and public sectors. One's choice of employment sector in this study depends on extrinsic and intrinsic motivations, and is also shaped by structural factors. These benefits, in turn, tend to be determined by individual characteristics. Consequently, this study estimated the endogenous switching regression of earnings and sector choice. Findings – Results from 2003 to 2007 Current Population Survey (CPS) September supplement data indicate that the so-called “feminine” industries are concentrated in the nonprofit sector, and this gendered industry structure attributes to women's overrepresentation in the sector. The results also suggest that women with more education and experience may choose nonprofit jobs over jobs in the other sector while nonprofit employment is generally associated with negative wage differentials. Research limitations/implications – This study does not model employers’ behaviors while gender segregation and discriminatory hiring practices may have contributed to women's overrepresentation in the nonprofit sector due to the lack of employer-side information in CPS. Consequently, the estimation of sector choice without employer information is likely to suffer from an endogeneity problem. Practical implications – This study highlights the factors affecting the concentration of women in the nonprofit sector. Nonprofit organizations may use the information to better understand their employees. Social implications – The findings suggest that women's sector choice is largely embedded in the industry structure of the nonprofit sector. Originality/value – This study examines a sector choice of prime-age salaried workers as a three way choice, instead of a binary choice, among for-profit, nonprofit, and public sectors, which reflects the reality better. Further, this study contributes to the literature on nonprofit employment by testing the impact of nonprofit status on an individual's earnings. Lastly, this study contribute to understanding women's overrepresentation in the nonprofit sector by examining both the structural and utilitarian aspects of sector choice.

scholarly journals Circumstances and Consequences of Snakebite Envenomings: A Qualitative Study in South-Eastern Costa Rica

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jazmín Arias-Rodríguez ◽  
José María Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Agricultural Work ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Salaried Workers ◽  
The Impact

A qualitative study was carried out in south-eastern Costa Rica on the circumstances and consequences of snakebite envenomings. This region has the highest incidence of snakebites and the lowest per capita and per family income in the country. There is a high degree of destitution and an unstable labor situation in the region. This study was based on semistructured interviews with 15 people who had suffered snakebite envenomings. This sample size was established on the basis of data saturation. Bites occurred mostly while doing agricultural work, either as salaried workers, as occasional workers, or working on their own. Although all people were attended in health centers of the public health system, and received antivenom free of charge, the majority of them did not receive compensation or rehabilitation upon discharge from the health facilities as a result of not being regular salaried workers. People described many difficulties as a consequence of these envenomings, such as permanent physical sequelae, including two amputations, psychological consequences, economic hardships, and difficulties for reinsertion into agricultural work. In spite of the significant advances that Costa Rica has made for reducing the impact of these envenomings, results reveal issues that require urgent attention by government and civil society organizations, to compensate for the physical, psychological, social, and economic consequences of these envenomings.

Formation of Lunar Craters and Bright Rays as a Result of Meteorite Impacts

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 415-418
Author(s):  
K. P. Stanyukovich ◽  
V. A. Bronshten
Keyword(s):  
Explosive Charge ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Meteorite Impacts ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Lunar Craters ◽  
The Impact

The phenomena accompanying the impact of large meteorites on the surface of the Moon or of the Earth can be examined on the basis of the theory of explosive phenomena if we assume that, instead of an exploding meteorite moving inside the rock, we have an explosive charge (equivalent in energy), situated at a certain distance under the surface.

The Geosciences Applied to Lunar Exploration

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 169-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Probable Mechanism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lunar Exploration ◽  
Geological Model ◽  
Apply Geophysics ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
The Impact

The term geo-sciences has been used here to include the disciplines geology, geophysics and geochemistry. However, in order to apply geophysics and geochemistry effectively one must begin with a geological model. Therefore, the science of geology should be used as the basis for lunar exploration. From an astronomical point of view, a lunar terrain heavily impacted with meteors appears the more reasonable; although from a geological standpoint, volcanism seems the more probable mechanism. A surface liberally marked with volcanic features has been advocated by such geologists as Bülow, Dana, Suess, von Wolff, Shaler, Spurr, and Kuno. In this paper, both the impact and volcanic hypotheses are considered in the application of the geo-sciences to manned lunar exploration. However, more emphasis is placed on the volcanic, or more correctly the defluidization, hypothesis to account for lunar surface features.

Asteroid and Comet Impact Speeds upon Mars: Significance for Panspermia and the Supply of Organics

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Steel
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Regions Of Interest ◽  
Significant Fraction ◽  
Organic Chemicals ◽  
Impact Speed ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWhilst lithopanspermia depends upon massive impacts occurring at a speed above some limit, the intact delivery of organic chemicals or other volatiles to a planet requires the impact speed to be below some other limit such that a significant fraction of that material escapes destruction. Thus the two opposite ends of the impact speed distributions are the regions of interest in the bioastronomical context, whereas much modelling work on impacts delivers, or makes use of, only the mean speed. Here the probability distributions of impact speeds upon Mars are calculated for (i) the orbital distribution of known asteroids; and (ii) the expected distribution of near-parabolic cometary orbits. It is found that cometary impacts are far more likely to eject rocks from Mars (over 99 percent of the cometary impacts are at speeds above 20 km/sec, but at most 5 percent of the asteroidal impacts); paradoxically, the objects impacting at speeds low enough to make organic/volatile survival possible (the asteroids) are those which are depleted in such species.

Organic Syntheses During the Impact of a Comet with a Gaseous Planet

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 189-195
Author(s):  
Cesare Guaita ◽  
Roberto Crippa ◽  
Federico Manzini
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Material ◽  
Molecular Form ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Blue Filter ◽  
Organic Syntheses ◽  
The Impact

AbstractA large amount of CO has been detected above many SL9/Jupiter impacts. This gas was never detected before the collision. So, in our opinion, CO was released from a parent compound during the collision. We identify this compound as POM (polyoxymethylene), a formaldehyde (HCHO) polymer that, when suddenly heated, reformes monomeric HCHO. At temperatures higher than 1200°K HCHO cannot exist in molecular form and the most probable result of its decomposition is the formation of CO. At lower temperatures, HCHO can react with NH3 and/or HCN to form high UV-absorbing polymeric material. In our opinion, this kind of material has also to be taken in to account to explain the complex evolution of some SL9 impacts that we observed in CCD images taken with a blue filter.

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