scholarly journals Human and Avian Influenza Viruses Target Different Cells in the Lower Respiratory Tract of Humans and Other Mammals

2007 ◽  
Vol 171 (4) ◽  
pp. 1215-1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debby van Riel ◽  
Vincent J. Munster ◽  
Emmie de Wit ◽  
Guus F. Rimmelzwaan ◽  
Ron A.M. Fouchier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Avian Influenza Viruses

scholarly journals Insights into the Acquisition of Virulence of Avian Influenza Viruses during a Single Passage in Ferrets

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 915
Author(s):  
Butler ◽  
Middleton ◽  
Haining ◽  
Layton ◽  
Rockman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Avian Influenza Viruses ◽  
Single Passage ◽  
H5n1 Isolate ◽  
High Pathogenicity

Circulating avian influenza viruses pose a significant threat, with human infections occurring infrequently but with potentially severe consequences. To examine the dynamics and locale of the adaptation process of avian influenza viruses when introduced to a mammalian host, we infected ferrets with H5N1 viruses. As expected, all ferrets infected with the human H5N1 isolate A/Vietnam/1203/2004 showed severe disease and virus replication outside the respiratory tract in multiple organs including the brain. In contrast infection of ferrets with the avian H5N1 virus A/Chicken/Laos/Xaythiani26/2006 showed a different collective pattern of infection; many ferrets developed and cleared a mild respiratory infection but a subset (25–50%), showed extended replication in the upper respiratory tract and developed infection in distal sites. Virus from these severely infected ferrets was commonly found in tissues that included liver and small intestine. In most instances the virus had acquired the common virulence substitution PB2 E627K but, in one case, a previously unidentified combination of two amino acid substitutions at PB2 S489P and NP V408I, which enhanced polymerase activity, was found. We noted that virus with high pathogenicity adaptations could be dominant in an extra-respiratory site without being equally represented in the nasal wash. Further ferret passage of these mutated viruses resulted in high pathogenicity in all ferrets. These findings illustrate the remarkable ability of avian influenza viruses that avoid clearance in the respiratory tract, to mutate towards a high pathogenicity phenotype during just a single passage in ferrets and also indicate a window of less than 5 days in which treatment may curtail systemic infection.

scholarly journals Infection of Human Tracheal Epithelial Cells by H5 Avian Influenza Virus Is Regulated by the Acid Stability of Hemagglutinin and the pH of Target Cell Endosomes

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomo Daidoji ◽  
Junichi Kajikawa ◽  
Yasuha Arai ◽  
Yohei Watanabe ◽  
Ryohei Hirose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Membrane Fusion ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Tracheal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Tracheal Epithelial ◽  
Conducting Airways

Despite the possible relationships between tracheal infection and concomitant infection of the terminal part of the lower respiratory tract (bronchioles/alveoli), the behavior of avian influenza viruses (AIVs), such as H5N1, in the conducting airways is unclear. To examine the tropism of AIVs for cells lining the conducting airways of humans, we established human tracheal epithelial cell clones (HTEpC-Ts) and examined their susceptibility to infection by AIVs. The HTEpC-Ts showed differing susceptibility to H5N1 and non-zoonotic AIVs. Viral receptors expressed by HTEpC-Ts bound all viruses; however, the endosomal pH was associated with the overall susceptibility to infection by AIVs. Moreover, H5N1 hemagglutinin broadened viral tropism to include HTEpC-Ts, because it had a higher pH threshold for viral–cell membrane fusion. Thus, H5N1 viruses infect human tracheal epithelial cells as a result of their higher pH threshold for membrane fusion which may be one mechanism underlying H5N1 pathogenesis in human airway epithelia. Efficient replication of H5N1 in the conducting airways of humans may facilitate infection of the lower respiratory tract.

scholarly journals Seasonal and Pandemic Human Influenza Viruses Attach Better to Human Upper Respiratory Tract Epithelium than Avian Influenza Viruses

2010 ◽  
Vol 176 (4) ◽  
pp. 1614-1618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debby van Riel ◽  
Michael A. den Bakker ◽  
Lonneke M.E. Leijten ◽  
Salin Chutinimitkul ◽  
Vincent J. Munster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Human Influenza ◽  
Avian Influenza Viruses ◽  
Upper Respiratory

One-step fast and label-free imaging array for multiplexed detection of trace avian influenza viruses

2021 ◽  
pp. 338645
Author(s):  
Dagang Jiang ◽  
Yafei Tian ◽  
Yujiao Zhang ◽  
Xueyun Lu ◽  
Dan Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Avian Influenza Viruses ◽  
Multiplexed Detection ◽  
Imaging Array ◽  
One Step
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