Material loss analysis in glass additive manufacturing by laser glass deposition

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 042050
Author(s):  
Khodor Sleiman ◽  
Katharina Rettschlag ◽  
Peter Jäschke ◽  
Nicholas Capps ◽  
Edward C. Kinzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Material Loss ◽  
Laser Glass ◽  
Loss Analysis ◽  
Glass Additive

scholarly journals Sensing and control in glass additive manufacturing

Mechatronics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 188-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Peters ◽  
Joseph Drallmeier ◽  
Douglas A. Bristow ◽  
Robert G. Landers ◽  
Edward Kinzel
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Glass Additive ◽  
And Control

Additive Manufacturing of fused silica using Coaxial Laser Glass Deposition: Experiment, Simulation and Discussion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Grabe ◽  
Marius Lammers ◽  
Song Wang ◽  
Xuejian Wang ◽  
Katharina Rettschlag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Fused Silica ◽  
Laser Glass

Spatial Frequency Analysis for Improved Quality in Big Area Additive Manufacturing (BAAM)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric MacDonald ◽  
Edward Burden ◽  
Jason Walker ◽  
Jonathan Kelly ◽  
Brett Conner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Fourier Analysis ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Vision System ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Grand Challenge ◽  
Material Loss ◽  
Correct Operation

Process control in 3D printing (also known formally as Additive Manufacturing - AM) has largely been absent even in production systems. Simultaneously, computer vision has become more accessible with open source libraries (e.g. OpenCV, used successfully for traversing the state of California in an autonomous vehicle to win a DARPA Grand Challenge). 3D printing is particularly well suited to be enhanced by computer vision as fabrication is layer wise and predictable assuming correct operation. Big Area Additive Manufacturing (BAAM) — operating at significantly larger scales than traditional 3D printing — stands to benefit given the higher throughput of material (hundreds of pounds per hour) and the associated high costs of errant fabrication. Furthermore, minimum feature sizes in BAAM, such as individual layers, are sufficiently large to be analyzed with standard photography. With computer vision, sophisticated algorithms can be applied to identify problems early in the process that are not normally manifest until after process completion. Subtle and latent defects can be remediated before the onset of permanent damage or at a minimum the process can be aborted to avoid significant material loss. Fourier analysis can provide a useful perspective of the spatial periodicity of the layers of exposed surfaces during fabrication and this spectral information can inform the process of surface roughness, delamination, and deposition consistency in a data efficient manner. The large layer thickness of BAAM allow for Fourier analysis to be performed with standard photography. This paper explores the implementation and advantages of a low cost computer vision system that leverages OpenCV libraries operating on a Raspberry Pi Linux computer with simple yet high resolution photography — driven by the hypothesis that quality and yield of open source BAAM hardware can be dramatically enhanced.

scholarly journals Additive manufacturing of silica glass using laser stereolithography with a top-down approach and fast debinding

RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (29) ◽  
pp. 16344-16348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Liu ◽  
Bin Qian ◽  
Xiaofeng Liu ◽  
Limin Tong ◽  
Jianrong Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Silica Glass ◽  
Top Down ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Glass Additive ◽  
Laser Stereolithography

A new approach for glass additive manufacturing with stereolithography that raises the efficiency in a great extent.

scholarly journals Additive manufacturing of glass: CO2-Laser glass deposition printing

Procedia CIRP ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 272-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp von Witzendorff ◽  
Leonhard Pohl ◽  
Oliver Suttmann ◽  
Peter Heinrich ◽  
Achim Heinrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Co2 Laser ◽  
Laser Glass

scholarly journals Influence of Sand Fines Transport Velocity on Erosion-Corrosion Phenomena of Carbon Steel 90-Degree Elbow

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rehan Khan ◽  
Hamdan H. Ya ◽  
William Pao ◽  
Mohamad Zaki bin Abdullah ◽  
Faizul Azly Dzubir
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Internal Surface ◽  
Corrosion Mechanism ◽  
Flow Loop ◽  
Material Loss ◽  
Loss Analysis ◽  
Erosion Corrosion ◽  
Transport Velocity ◽  
Discrete Phase

Erosion-corrosion is an ineluctable flow assurance problem confronted in hydrocarbon transportation and production systems. In this work, the effect of sand fines velocity on the erosion-corrosion behavior of AISI 1018 carbon steel long radius 90° elbows was experimentally and numerically investigated for liquid-solid flow conditions. Experiments were effectuated for sand fines of mean diameter 50 µm circulated in a flow loop with three different velocities (0.5, 1 and 2 m/s). To elucidate the erosion-corrosion mechanism and degradation rate, the material loss analysis, multilayer paint modeling (MPM) and microscopic imaging technique were employed, with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and discrete phase modeling (DPM) also capacitating to evaluate the erosion distribution. It was perceived that increasing slurry velocity significantly changes the particle-wall impaction mechanism, leading to an increase in material degradation in the elbow bottom section up to 2 times in comparison to the low transport velocity. The erosion scars and pits development at the elbows internal surface was found to govern the wear mechanism in the carbon steel and made downstream section susceptible to erosion and corrosion. The material removal mechanisms were ascertained to change from cutting to pitting and plastic deformation with an increase of sand fines transportation velocity from 0.5 m/s to 2 m/s.

scholarly journals The Performance of Mixed Manufacturer Metal On Metal Total Hip Replacements

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Barker Cook ◽  
Jeremy M. Latham ◽  
Robert J.K. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Head ◽  
Hip Resurfacing ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Material Loss ◽  
Total Hip ◽  
Loss Analysis ◽  
Total Hip Replacements ◽  
Metal On Metal ◽  
Hip Replacements ◽  
Stem Damage

Using a femoral head from one manufacturer on the stem of another manufacturer poses the risk that the taper interface between the components may not contact correctly and the performance of the joint will be impaired. The cohorts in this study are a combination of modular Birmingham Hip Resurfacing (BHR) and Adept femoral heads on CPT stems. The study reviews the geometry of the taper interfaces to establish if the taper clearance angles was outside of the normal range for other taper interfaces. In addition the rates of material loss from the bearings and taper and a ranking of the stem damage were reviewed to determine if the levels of loss were above that seen for other similar joints. The material loss analysis demonstrated that the rates or levels of loss from the bearings, taper and stem were no different to levels published for manufacturer matched joints and in many cases were lower. The results demonstrate that the taper clearance angles for the mixed manufacturer joints (BHR-CPT: 0.067 to -0.116, Adept-CPT: 0.101 to -0.056) were within the range of other studies and manufacturer matched clearances (0.134 to -0.149).Using components from different manufacturers has not in this instance increased the level of material loss from the joints, when compared to other similar manufacturer matched joints.

scholarly journals On the Fabrication of Metallic Single Crystal Turbine Blades with a Commentary on Repair via Additive Manufacturing

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Nicole Marie Angel ◽  
Amrita Basak
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Directionally Solidified ◽  
Material Loss ◽  
Manufacturing Defects ◽  
Process Failure ◽  
Traditional Manufacturing

The turbine section of aircraft engines (both commercial and military) is an example of one of the most hostile environments as the components in this section typically operate at upwards of 1650 °C in the presence of corrosive and oxidative gases. The blades are at the heart of the turbine section as they extract energy from the hot gases to generate work. The turbine blades are typically fabricated using investment casting, and depending on the casting complexity, they generally display one of the three common microstructures (i.e., equiaxed or polycrystalline, directionally solidified, and single crystal). Single crystal casting is exotic as several steps of the casting process are traditionally hands-on. Due to the complex production process involving several prototyping iterations, the blade castings have a significant cost associated with them. For example, a set of 40 single crystal turbine blades costs above USD 600,000 and requires 60–90 weeks for production. Additionally, if the components suffer from material loss due to prolonged service or manufacturing defects, the traditional manufacturing methods cannot restore the parent metallurgy at the damage locations. Hence, there is a significant interest in developing additive manufacturing (AM) technologies that can repair the single crystal turbine blades. Despite the blades’ criticality in aircraft propulsion, there is currently no review article that summarizes the metallurgy, production process, failure mechanisms, and AM-based repair methods of the single crystal turbine blades. To address this existing gap, this review paper starts with a discussion on the composition of the single crystal superalloys, describes the traditional fabrication methods for the metallic single crystal turbine blades, estimates the material and energy loss when the blades are scrapped or reverted, and provides a summary of the AM technologies that are currently being investigated for their repair potential. In conclusion, based on the literature reviewed, this paper identifies new avenues for research and development approaches for advancing the fabrication and repair of single crystal turbine blades.

High energy resolution spectrometer for the dedicated STEM

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 558-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.E. Batson
Keyword(s):  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Core Loss ◽  
Beam Current ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Resolution ◽  
Acquisition Time ◽  
Good Definition ◽  
Loss Analysis ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Acceleration Voltage

Use of the STEM to obtain precise electronic information has been hampered by the lack of energy loss analysis capable of a resolution and accuracy comparable to the 0.3eV energy width of the Field Emission Source. Recent work by Park, et. al. and earlier by Crewe, et. al. have promised magnetic sector devices that are capable of about 0.75eV resolution at collection angles (about 15mR) which are great enough to allow efficient use of the STEM probe current. These devices are also capable of 0.3eV resolution at smaller collection angles (4-5mR). The problem that arises, however, lies in the fact that, even with the collection efficiency approaching 1.0, several minutes of collection time are necessary for a good definition of a typical core loss or electronic transition. This is a result of the relatively small total beam current (1-10nA) that is available in the dedicated STEM. During this acquisition time, the STEM acceleration voltage may fluctuate by as much as 0.5-1.0V.

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