A Diagonally Braked Vehicle for the Investigation of Tire Traction

1973 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Yager
Keyword(s):  
Surface Finish ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Test Technique ◽  
Pneumatic Tire ◽  
Vehicle Test

Abstract The development and application of a diagonally braked vehicle test technique has yielded insights into factors known to affect pneumatic tire traction such as certain tire parameters (including size, construction, and tread pattern) and pavement properties (including surface finish and the type and extent of contamination). This paper reviews the effects of tire and surface characteristics on available traction, discusses how the test results could be applied to estimate aircraft stopping performance under low traction conditions, and concludes with comments relative to possible future application of the diagonally braked vehicle.

Effects of Surface Finish and Loading Conditions on the Low Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Austenitic Stainless Steel in PWR Environment for Various Strain Amplitude Levels

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Alain Le Duff ◽  
Andre´ Lefranc¸ois ◽  
Jean Philippe Vernot
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Strain Amplitude ◽  
Surface Finish ◽  
Low Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Complex Loading ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cycle Fatigue

In February/March 2007, The NRC issued Regulatory Guide “RG1.207” and Argonne National Laboratory issued NUREG/CR-6909 that is now applicable in the US for evaluations of PWR environmental effects in fatigue analyses of new reactor components. In order to assess the conservativeness of the application of this NUREG report, Low Cycle Fatigue (LCF) tests were performed by AREVA NP on austenitic stainless steel specimens in a PWR environment. The selected material exhibits in air environment a fatigue behavior consistent with the ANL reference “air” mean curve, as published in NUREG/CR-6909. LCF tests in a PWR environment were performed at various strain amplitude levels (± 0.6% or ± 0.3%) for two loading conditions corresponding to a simple or to a complex strain rate history. The simple loading condition is a fully reverse triangle signal (for comparison purposes with tests performed by other laboratories with the same loading conditions) and the complex signal simulates the strain variation for an actual typical PWR thermal transient. In addition, two various surface finish conditions were tested: polished and ground. This paper presents the comparisons of penalty factors, as observed experimentally, with penalty factors evaluated using ANL formulations (considering the strain integral method for complex loading), and on the other, the comparison of the actual fatigue life of the specimen with the fatigue life predicted through the NUREG report application. For the two strain amplitudes of ± 0.6% and ± 0.3%, LCF tests results obtained on austenitic stainless steel specimens in PWR environment with triangle waveforms at constant low strain rates give “Fen” penalty factors close to those estimated using the ANL formulation (NUREG/6909). However, for the lower strain amplitude level and a triangle loading signal, the ANL formulation is pessimistic compared to the AREVA NP test results obtained for polished specimens. Finally, it was observed that constant amplitude LCF test results obtained on ground specimens under complex loading simulating an actual sequence of a cold and hot thermal shock exhibits lower combined environmental and surface finish effects when compared to the penalty factors estimated on the basis of the ANL formulations. It appears that the application of the NUREG/CR-6909 in conjunction with the Fen model proposed by ANL for austenitic stainless steel provides excessive margins, whereas the current ASME approach seems sufficient to cover significant environmental effects for representative loadings and surface finish conditions of reactor components.

Comparison between Charpy Transition Temperature TCVN and Reference Temperature T° for 10Ni3CrMoV Steel

2007 ◽  
Vol 539-543 ◽  
pp. 4488-4493
Author(s):  
Yi Fei Gao ◽  
Jun Chang Shen ◽  
Bo Qun Wu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Material Design ◽  
Reference Temperature ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Test Technique ◽  
Fracture Appearance Transition Temperature ◽  
Qt Steels ◽  
Fracture Appearance ◽  
Lower Tolerance

Charpy transition temperature TCVN and reference temperature To for 10Ni3CrMoV steel were determined using two different experimental techniques such as Charpy V-notch impact test technique and reference temperature To test technique. It was found that two methods provided different test results. The median master curve with upper and lower tolerance bounds was got from the test. The upper tolerance bound is often used for material design and application. At the same time the TCVN and To results were discussed for two kinds of heat treatment which are QT(Quenching and Temper) and QLT(Quenching, anneal and temper). JC (med ) K values calculated were 101 and 105MPam1/2 for the QT and QLT steels, respectively. These indicated that the QLT steels have the higher JC (med ) K , the lower reference temperature and lower energy (or fracture appearance) transition temperature(ETT50 or FATT50) than the QT steels. This was mainly related with the different microstructures of two kinds of heat treatment.

In-Vehicle Test Results for Advanced Propulsion and Vehicle System Controls Using Connected and Automated Vehicle Information

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shreshta Rajakumar Deshpande ◽  
Shobhit Gupta ◽  
Dennis Kibalama ◽  
Nicola Pivaro ◽  
Marcello Canova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Results ◽  
Automated Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle System ◽  
Vehicle Test ◽  
Vehicle Information

Towards a more rational approach to chemical compatibility testing of clay

2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 597-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
J K Kodikara ◽  
F Rahman ◽  
S L Barbour
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Condition ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Rigid Wall ◽  
New Technique ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Lateral Strain ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Chemical Compatibility ◽  
Test Technique ◽  
Flexible Wall

Chemical compatibility tests using hydraulic conductivity testing with chemical permeants are normally undertaken to assess the integrity of compacted clayey liners used for waste containment. This paper highlights the fact that current routine methods of flexible wall and rigid wall testing techniques fail to represent the zero lateral strain boundary condition that is required to realistically represent the field situation. The test results indicate that flexible wall permeameters underestimate the likely increases in hydraulic conductivity due to chemicals, while the rigid wall permeameters can severely overestimate these effects. A new test technique, which incorporates the zero lateral strain condition in a simple manner, is presented. This technique involves the use of a rigid wall concept in a flexible wall permeameter. A split rigid mould is used to encase the soil specimen that is glued to the internal surfaces of the mould, to apply the zero lateral strain boundary condition. The new technique is shown to be suitable for both chemical compatibility and desiccation testing. The tests were undertaken with varying concentrations of saline water, methanol, and landfill leachate. The test results indicate that the new technique produces results that fall between the results obtained from flexible wall and rigid wall permeameters. It is argued that the new test technique provides a more rational approach for chemical compatibility testing than the current rigid wall and flexible wall techniques.Key words: soil, hydraulic conductivity, chemical compatibility, landfill, permeameter, boundary condition.

scholarly journals PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MENULIS PARAGRAF DESKRIPTIF SISWA KELAS X SMA NEGERI 02 BENGKULU TENGAH DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE MENULIS BERANTAI (ESTAFET WRITING)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-163
Author(s):  
Heni Puspita
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Test Cycle ◽  
Test Technique ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Average Value ◽  
School Year ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Photo Documentation

The purpose of this study for improve the students class X1 skill of SMAN 2 Central Bengkulu Tengah in write descriptive paragraph with estafet writing method. This study design is the design of classroom action research conducted in two cycles, the first cycle and the second cycle. Collecting data on the first cycle and the second cycle using test technique and nontest. The test used is a test action in the form of assignment to write a description, whereas nontest techniques used in the form of guidelines for observation, the journal guidelines, interview guides, and photo documentation guidelines. Data analysis technique of this research is qualitative and quantitative. Quantitative techniques are used to analyze and compare test results pre-cycle, the first cycle, the second cycle, and qualitative techniques used to analyze and compare the results nontest in the first cycle and the second cycle. Based on the analysis of research data, in class X1 totaling 30 students can be concluded that by using the estafet writing method can increase the skill of writing a paragraph descriptive. In the first cycle, the value of an average of 71.65% in the second cycle, the average value of 88.73%, an increase of 17.08%. This means that there is an increase in the skill of writing a paragraph descriptive of the students with estafet writing method. This increase can be seen from the results of tests conducted students in class X SMAN 2 Central Bengkulu 2016/2017 school year that includes the end of the test cycle test cycle I and II.  

Direct Palladium-Gold on copper as a Surface Finish for next generation Packages.

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (DPC) ◽  
pp. 001145-001184
Author(s):  
Mustafa Ozkok ◽  
Sven Lamprecht ◽  
Gustavo Ramos ◽  
Arnd Kilian
Keyword(s):  
Surface Finish ◽  
Copper Wire ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Wire Bonding ◽  
Gold Layer ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Fine Line ◽  
Surface Finishes ◽  
Copper Wire Bonding ◽  
Bond Tests

A new surface finish is entering the market. The need for this finish comes from needs for new assembly technologies like copper wire bonding or chip assembly by thermo compression bond. Furthermore Nickel an element, which is the base of many surface finishes like ENIG or ENEPIG, is more and more regarded as an unpleasant element as of several disadvantages, such as for high frequency applications, for environmental issues or for fine line applications were a 5 μm Ni Layer is just simply too thick. All these concerns supporting the introduction of a new surface finish, a direct EP and direct EPAG finish. In particular, its suitability for copper wire bonding and its fine line capability makes it very attractive from a cost standpoint of view. In addition, the mentioned technological handicaps of nickel based finishes could be solved by applying a revolutionary surface finish – A Direct Palladium with an optional gold layer. The direct deposition of palladium on copper with an optional gold layer does have further technological, environmental and economical advantages. The suggested paper will describe and discuss the advantages and chances using this new surface finish, as well as demonstrate soldering on various wire bond tests on the Direct EP and EPAG finishes as well as soldering test results.

Performance of basaltic dust issued from an asphaltic plant as a flocculant additive for wastewater treatment

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-154
Author(s):  
R.M. Ramírez Zamora ◽  
A. Chávez Mejía ◽  
R. Domínguez Mora ◽  
A. Durán Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Oxide Content ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Test Technique ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Physicochemical Characterisation ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Positive Effect

The feasibility of using basaltic dust as a flocculant additive or coagulant aid for wastewater treatment was assessed in this research. The experimental study was divided into two stages: 1) physicochemical characterisation of the basaltic dust by applying standardised techniques, and 2) evaluation of this material as flocculant additive for the coagulation-flocculation of wastewater treated for reuse. Coagulation-flocculation experiments were carried out in the laboratory with a mixture of industrial and municipal wastewater samples collected from two points of the final discharge of the Mexico City sewerage system. Aluminium sulphate and lime were used as coagulants and the basaltic dust as flocculant additive, by applying the jar-test technique. The results of the corrosivity, reactivity, explosiveness, toxicity, inflammability and biological risk tests indicated that this material is classified as a non-hazardous waste (according to the Mexican legislation, NOM-052-ECOL-1993). The density, oxide content and particle size values of basaltic dust were similar to those reported for the flocculant additive denominated activated silica. The jar test results showed a positive effect of basaltic dust over the effluent and sludge qualities, to the extent that coagulant doses can be reduced 30% (from 150 mg/L to 110 mg/L of Al2(SO4)3).

Automotive Cabin Filtration In-Vehicle Test Results

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Hutter ◽  
Samuel E. Lee ◽  
Kenneth L. Rubow ◽  
Benjamin Y. H. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Test Results ◽  
Vehicle Test

Proposal of Determination Procedure About Fatigue Safety Factors for Arbitrary Best Fit Curves

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuchika Kawasaki
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Test ◽  
Surface Finish ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Safety Factors ◽  
Determination Procedure ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Best Fit

Fatigue safety factors cover not only the scattered range of fatigue test results obtained from test specimens, but also the difference in the fatigue lives between the test specimens and vessels / piping in plants. Therefore necessary safety factors have a relation to the accuracy of a best fit curve which is determined by the test results and the component’s conditions. This paper describes a determination procedure of fatigue safety factors for a new best fit curve so that designers can determine adequate safety factors for arbitrary best fit curves and material databases. This determination procedure is explained using a 316FR fatigue database, and the safety factors for new 316FR best fit curve are shown. These safety factors are estimated based on the accuracy of the best fit curve, and are calculated for each surface finish in the designed vessels and piping. Therefore the adoption of accurate best fit curves in limited conditions will result in smaller safety factors than the present code.

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