Tire Temperature and Rolling Resistance Prediction with Finite Element Analysis

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Ebbott ◽  
R. L. Hohman ◽  
J.-P. Jeusette ◽  
V. Kerchman
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Constitutive Modeling ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Transient Temperature ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Temperature Distributions ◽  
Truck Tires ◽  
Steady State Temperature ◽  
Resistance Prediction ◽  
Thermomechanical Method

Abstract A finite element-based method is demonstrated to predict tire rolling resistance and temperature distributions. Particular attention is given to the material properties and constitutive modeling as these have a significant effect on the predictions. A coupled thermomechanical method is described where both the stiffness and the loss properties are updated as a function of strain, temperature, and frequency. Results for rolling resistance and steady state temperature distribution are compared with experiments for passenger and radial medium truck tires. An extension of the method for transient temperature predictions is also demonstrated.

Tread Depth Effects on Tire Rolling Resistance

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Luchini ◽  
M. M. Motil ◽  
W. V. Mars
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Truck Tires ◽  
The Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Equilibrium Test ◽  
Depth Effects

Abstract This paper discusses the measurement and modeling of tire rolling resistance for a group of radial medium truck tires. The tires were subjected to tread depth modifications by “buffing” the tread surface. The experimental work used the equilibrium test method of SAE J-1269. The finite element analysis (FEA) tire model for tire rolling resistance has been previously presented. The results of the testing showed changes in rolling resistance as a function of tread depth that were inconsistent between tires. Several observations were also inconsistent with published information and common knowledge. Several mechanisms were proposed to explain the results. Additional experiments and models were used to evaluate the mechanisms. Mechanisms that were examined included tire age, surface texture, and tire shape. An explanation based on buffed tread radius, and the resulting changes in footprint stresses, is proposed that explains the observed experimental changes in rolling resistance with tread depth.

Application of Computational Mechanics to Tire Design—Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Nakajima
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Computational Mechanics ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Side Wall ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Crown Shape

Abstract The tire technology related with the computational mechanics is reviewed from the standpoint of yesterday, today, and tomorrow. Yesterday: A finite element method was developed in the 1950s as a tool of computational mechanics. In the tire manufacturers, finite element analysis (FEA) was started applying to a tire analysis in the beginning of 1970s and this was much earlier than the vehicle industry, electric industry, and others. The main reason was that construction and configurations of a tire were so complicated that analytical approach could not solve many problems related with tire mechanics. Since commercial software was not so popular in 1970s, in-house axisymmetric codes were developed for three kinds of application such as stress/strain, heat conduction, and modal analysis. Since FEA could make the stress/strain visible in a tire, the application area was mainly tire durability. Today: combining FEA with optimization techniques, the tire design procedure is drastically changed in side wall shape, tire crown shape, pitch variation, tire pattern, etc. So the computational mechanics becomes an indispensable tool for tire industry. Furthermore, an insight to improve tire performance is obtained from the optimized solution and the new technologies were created from the insight. Then, FEA is applied to various areas such as hydroplaning and snow traction based on the formulation of fluid–tire interaction. Since the computational mechanics enables us to see what we could not see, new tire patterns were developed by seeing the streamline in tire contact area and shear stress in snow in traction.Tomorrow: The computational mechanics will be applied in multidisciplinary areas and nano-scale areas to create new technologies. The environmental subjects will be more important such as rolling resistance, noise and wear.

A Method for Applying Automatic Temperature Control to the Transient Finite Element Analysis of a Pressure Vessel Undergoing Postweld Heat Treatment

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Sciascia
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Temperature Profile ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Postweld Heat Treatment ◽  
Transient Temperature ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Heater Power ◽  
Postweld Heat

For complex finite element problems it is often desirable to prescribe boundary conditions that are difficult to quantify. The analysis of a pressure vessel undergoing postweld heat treatment (PWHT) is an example of such a problem. The PWHT process is governed by Code rules, but the temperature and gradient requirements they impose are not sufficient to precisely describe the complete vessel temperature profile. The imposition of such a profile in the analysis results in uncertainty and errors. A suitable but difficult approach is to specify heater power instead of temperatures, letting the solver determine the temperature profile. Unfortunately, the individual heater power levels necessary to meet the Code requirements are usually not known in advance. Determining the power levels necessary is particularly difficult if a transient solution is required. A means of actively controlling the heaters during the FEA solution is requirement for this approach. A simple and adaptive control algorithm was incorporated into the FEA solver via its scripting capability. Heat flux boundary conditions (heater power) were applied instead of transient temperature boundary conditions. Heater power levels were optimized to achieve predetermined time/temperature goals as the solution proceeded. The algorithm described was successfully applied to a pressure vessel PWHT with 14 zones of control. The approach may be adapted to other problems and boundary conditions.

Finite element analysis for temperature distributions in a cold forging

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 2979-2984
Author(s):  
Dongbum Kim ◽  
Sungwook Kim ◽  
Inchul Song ◽  
Byungcheol Jeon ◽  
Inhwan Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Cold Forging ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Temperature Distributions

A Comparison Between Three- and Two-Dimensional Thermal Finite Element Analysis of the Gas Metal Arc Welding Process

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad S. Davoud ◽  
Xiaomin Deng
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Gas Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Transient Temperature ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
2D Model

Predictions of transient temperature distributions in welding can help the selection of welding process parameters that minimize residual stresses. A three-dimensional (3D) thermal finite element model of bead-on-plate gas metal are welding (GMAW) is presented and is used to evaluate a cross-sectional, two-dimensional (2D) counterpart model. While the thermomechanical problem of welding is 3D in nature, it is shown that the 2D model can provide temperature field predictions comparable to those of the 3D model, even though the 2D model tends to predict peak temperatures higher than those of the 3D model. Both types of model predictions are compared to welding test measurements.

Thermal compensation using the hybrid metrology approach compared to traditional scaling

2017 ◽  
Vol 232 (13) ◽  
pp. 2364-2374
Author(s):  
David Ross-Pinnock ◽  
Glen Mullineux
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Linear Temperature ◽  
Temperature Distributions ◽  
Finite Element Analysis Simulation ◽  
Uniform Scaling

Control of temperature in large-scale manufacturing environments is not always practical or economical, introducing thermal effects including variation in ambient refractive index and thermal expansion. Thermal expansion is one of the largest contributors to measurement uncertainty; however, temperature distributions are not widely measured. Uncertainties can also be introduced in scaling to standard temperature. For more complex temperature distributions with non-linear temperature gradients, uniform scaling is unrealistic. Deformations have been measured photogrammetrically in two thermally challenging scenarios with localised heating. Extended temperature measurement has been tested with finite element analysis to assess a compensation methodology for coordinate measurement. This has been compared to commonly used uniform scaling and has outperformed this with a highly simplified finite element analysis simulation in scaling a number of coordinates at once. This work highlighted the need for focus on reproducible temperature measurement for dimensional measurement in non-standard environments.

The Steady-State Temperature Field Analysis of the 3D Rolling Tire Based on Adina FEA Software

2009 ◽  
Vol 87-88 ◽  
pp. 518-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
Yan He ◽  
Zhen Chao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Temperature Field ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element Analysis Model ◽  
Steady State Temperature ◽  
Steady Temperature Field

Based on the Adina finite element analysis software, 3D axisymmetric finite element analysis model of the 205/75R15 PCR tire was established, the steady temperature field of rolling tire was simulated, and the thermal distribution colored cloud diagram of steady-state temperature field of 3D rolling tire which directly shows the temperature distribution of each section of tire was analyzed to offer certain guidance to the improvement of tire structure and rubber formula.

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