Influence of Wheel Alignment and Tire Characteristics on Vehicle Drift

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Yamazaki ◽  
T. Fujikawa ◽  
T. Suzuki ◽  
I. Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Wheel Model ◽  
Wheel Alignment ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Tire properties are some of the most important factors causing vehicle drift. In this paper, the influences of wheel alignment and tire properties on vehicle drift are discussed. The relationship between the wheel alignment of a vehicle and vehicle drift are examined. Also analyzed is the relationship between vehicle drift and front tire torque by using a four-wheel model while considering tire characteristics. The calculated front tire torque is compared with vehicle drift.

Research on Hysteresis Characteristic Model of Wheel Carcass

2013 ◽  
Vol 706-708 ◽  
pp. 1520-1523
Author(s):  
Hsin Guan ◽  
Rong He ◽  
Rui Guo
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Direction ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Actual Situation ◽  
Characteristic Model ◽  
Hysteresis Characteristic ◽  
Wheel Model ◽  
Rubber Bushing ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hysteresis Characteristics

In the existing wheel model, rim and rigid ring are connected with six direction spring and damper, which represent the elasticity of wheel carcass. In this paper, based on the ASCL original wheel model, the six direction hysteresis characteristic model of wheel carcass is built. In the vertical direction, Berg model which is widely used to describe the hysteresis characteristics of the rubber bushing is built to describe the hysteresis of wheel carcass, whose dynamic parameters are more consistent with the actual situation. In the other direction, the Fancher formula is used to describe the relationship of the force and displacement. Results showed out that the model has a high accuracy and is able to accurately describe hysteresis characteristics of wheel carcass by comparison with the suspension system K&C experimental results.

scholarly journals Wheel Model: an exposition of competition and cooperation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinwei Lin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Competition And Cooperation ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Wheel Model ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Universe

Competition and cooperation are not opposite, but competition and cooperation are closely related. Competition and cooperation are two very important driving forces for the evolution of natural organisms and the development of human civilization. Since the birth of humans, competition and cooperation have always been accompanied by human existence. This paper starts from the introduction of the earth, the universe, human civilization, and the formation of the natural world. This paper expounds that competition and cooperation are the basic principles of nature, and competition and cooperation are not opposite. Then the paper focuses on the relationship between competition and cooperation in human society. Then the wheel model is established. The wheel model is an inductive model. It can be used to vividly describe the relationship between competition and cooperation. In order to better explain the philosophical principle of the wheel model, the basic principle of the wheel model is explained by introducing the circular motion in physics, the collision of the matter principle and the atomic energy level. Then two common examples are given to illustrate the application of the wheel model. Finally, the conclusion and analysis are given.

The Algorithm Research on Adaptive Tooth Height Modeling Modification Based on PRO-E

2013 ◽  
Vol 380-384 ◽  
pp. 164-168
Author(s):  
Tian Li Li ◽  
Yi He ◽  
Ri Bo Ge
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Parametric Modeling ◽  
Test Situation ◽  
Cad System ◽  
Model Modification ◽  
Modeling Process ◽  
Single Tooth ◽  
Operational Test ◽  
Wheel Model ◽  
The Relationship

Three-dimensional CAD system is designed by using PRO-E tools. In particular, gear model has been widely used. The usual design philosophy is to perform parametric modeling based on different gears, find the relationship between different parameters, make use of restrictive relationship between different parameters, and complete its modeling process. In this paper, on the basis of this concept, the amount of modification is adaptively determined according to the actual conditions of the operational test situation in actual working conditions, and model modification lengths are optimized in which the amount of model modifications can all be allocated in the active or passive wheel sprocket teeth, and can also be modified both in active and passive wheel. Model modifications are done only in double tooth meshing zone and the gradually open lines in single tooth meshing zone are not modified to ultimately achieve the purpose of gear model optimizing.

scholarly journals Optimization of Wheel Reprofiling Based on the Improved NSGA-II

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Xinghu Wang ◽  
Jiabin Yuan ◽  
Sha Hua ◽  
Bojia Duan
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Operators ◽  
Wheel Wear ◽  
Nsga Ii ◽  
Attrition Rates ◽  
Decision Variables ◽  
Flange Thickness ◽  
Wheel Model ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Nondominated Sorting

Wheels are the key components of a train, and the shape of the wheel flange should be maintained to ensure the security of train operations. As a method to maintain the shape at the cost of the diameter size, reprofiling has significant impacts on the lifecycle of a train. A wheel model is built in this paper based on the analysis of the wheel wear features and datasets from Taiyuan locomotives. With the decision variables T i , T i ′ , which describe the reprofiling strategy, we formulate a multiobjective optimization problem simultaneously minimizing the reprofiling numbers and maximizing the serving years. To find the solutions of the multiobjective model, the NSGA-II (nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II) is extended with an alteration of the crowding distance calculation and genetic operators. The improved NSGA-II performs better than other approaches (e.g., fixed reprofiling strategy, changeable reprofiling strategy, and NSGA-II). Meanwhile, outstanding solutions with longer servicing years and less reprofiling are listed in this paper. Our study reveals the relationship between the diameter, flange thickness, and their individual attrition rates and proposes a wear model, multiobjective model, and improved NSGA-II. Compared with existing reprofiling strategies, the strategy recommended in our work can significantly increase the lifecycle of the wheel coupled with a low repair frequency.

Interstellar gas in the central region of the Galaxy

1967 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 239-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Central Region ◽  
Galactic Plane ◽  
Neutral Hydrogen ◽  
Continuum Emission ◽  
Galactic Centre ◽  
Interstellar Gas ◽  
Hydrogen Recombination ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Centre Region ◽  
The Relationship

A review is given of information on the galactic-centre region obtained from recent observations of the 21-cm line from neutral hydrogen, the 18-cm group of OH lines, a hydrogen recombination line at 6 cm wavelength, and the continuum emission from ionized hydrogen.Both inward and outward motions are important in this region, in addition to rotation. Several types of observation indicate the presence of material in features inclined to the galactic plane. The relationship between the H and OH concentrations is not yet clear, but a rough picture of the central region can be proposed.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

Choosing a Markov blanket

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Parr
Keyword(s):  
Markov Blanket ◽  
Target Article ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This commentary focuses upon the relationship between two themes in the target article: the ways in which a Markov blanket may be defined and the role of precision and salience in mediating the interactions between what is internal and external to a system. These each rest upon the different perspectives we might take while “choosing” a Markov blanket.

Tinkering with cognitive gadgets: Cultural evolutionary psychology meets active inference

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Benjamin Badcock ◽  
Axel Constant ◽  
Maxwell James Désormeau Ramstead
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Psychology ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Active Inference ◽  
Innovative Research ◽  
Cognitive Faculties ◽  
Cultural Evolutionary ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Cognitive Gadgets offers a new, convincing perspective on the origins of our distinctive cognitive faculties, coupled with a clear, innovative research program. Although we broadly endorse Heyes’ ideas, we raise some concerns about her characterisation of evolutionary psychology and the relationship between biology and culture, before discussing the potential fruits of examining cognitive gadgets through the lens of active inference.

Radiation Damage, Contrast and Statistics in High Resolution Biological Electron Microscopy

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 260-261
Author(s):  
Robert M. Glaeser
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Particle Flux ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Resolution Image ◽  
High Resolution Image ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Counting Statistics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Picture Element

It is well known that a large flux of electrons must pass through a specimen in order to obtain a high resolution image while a smaller particle flux is satisfactory for a low resolution image. The minimum particle flux that is required depends upon the contrast in the image and the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio at which the data are considered acceptable. For a given S/N associated with statistical fluxtuations, the relationship between contrast and “counting statistics” is s131_eqn1, where C = contrast; r2 is the area of a picture element corresponding to the resolution, r; N is the number of electrons incident per unit area of the specimen; f is the fraction of electrons that contribute to formation of the image, relative to the total number of electrons incident upon the object.

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