scholarly journals Abundance of rare-earth elements in the Earth's crust: Evidence for origin of granites and recent sedimentary rocks.

1976 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Balashov ◽  
A. I. Tugarinov
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Earth's Crust

scholarly journals An Overview of Rare Earth Ores Beneficiation in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thi Kim Dung NHU ◽  
Van Luan PHAM ◽  
Thi Chinh VU ◽  
Van Duoc TRAN
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Magnetic Materials ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Essential Minerals ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Earth's Crust

Rare earth metals are used in electricity, electronics, nuclear, optics, space, metallurgy,superconducting and super magnetic materials, glass and ceramics, and agriculture. Some rare earthelements are added to fertilizers for crops and some trials for animal feed. Rare earth elements, exceptfor radioactive promethium, are relatively abundant in the earth's crust. Vietnam has a tremendous rareearth potential, distributed mainly in the Northwest, including Nam Xe, Dong Pao, Muong Hum, andYen Bai. There are many research projects on rare earth ores of different types globally, but the focus ismainly on the essential minerals, including monazite, xenotime, and bastnaesite. This report summarizesresearch data on rare earth ore intending to produce a general assessment of rare earth ore and itsbeneficiation technology in Vietnam.

scholarly journals Rare earth elements in soils of saline agrolandscapes of the Baraba plain

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
N. V. Semendyaeva ◽  
A. A. Morozova ◽  
N. I. Dobrotvorskaya ◽  
N. V. Elizarov
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Earth's Crust ◽  
Humus Horizons

The total content of rare earth elements in the soil profile of saline agricultural landscapes catena of the Baraba plain within Novosibirsk region was studied. The total content of zirconium, yttrium, scandium, gallium, including lanthanides - cerium, lanthanum and ytterbium was determined. Rare earth elements are extremely poorly analyzed. At present, their influence on plants, organisms of animals and humans is being actively studied, although the maximum permissible and tentatively permissible concentrations for them have not yet been developed. The total content of rare earth elements, determined in the soils of the catena, depends on the granulometric composition and the degree of humus content of the soil horizons. It was revealed that in the studied soils they are mainly contained in the number of clarkes of the earth's crust, with the exception of lanthanum in the humus horizons, where its content is almost 1.5 times (44-48 mg/kg) higher than the clarke in the earth's crust (29 mg/kg), and ytterbium (10 times higher than the clarke). Along the soil profile, an insignificant movement of rare earth elements in both vertical and horizontal directions was noted, which indicates a low mobility of their compounds. Zirconium predominates in the profile of the studied soils from the group of rare earth elements. Its content in the humus horizons of soils of eluvial positions is within the clarke of the earth's crust; variations along the profile are insignificant. Ytterbium is contained in large quantities - from 1.89 to 4.05 mg/kg of soil, which is significantly higher than the clarke of the earth's crust (0.3 mg/kg of soil). The role of lanthanides in the soil -plant - animal - human system requires further in-depth study.

scholarly journals An Updated Review of Toxicity Effect of the Rare Earth Elements (REEs) on Aquatic Organisms

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1663
Author(s):  
Nemi Malhotra ◽  
Hua-Shu Hsu ◽  
Sung-Tzu Liang ◽  
Marri Jmelou M. Roldan ◽  
Jiann-Shing Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Aquatic Biota ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Toxicity Effect ◽  
Earth's Crust

Rare earth elements (REEs) or “technology metals” were coined by the U.S. Department of Energy, a group of seventeen elements found in the Earth’s crust. These chemical elements are vital and irreplaceable to the world of technology owing to their unique physical, chemical, and light-emitting properties, all of which are beneficial in modern healthcare, telecommunication, and defense. Rare earth elements are relatively abundant in Earth’s crust, with critical qualities to the device performance. The reuse and recycling of rare earth elements through different technologies can minimize impacts on the environment; however, there is insufficient data about their biological, bioaccumulation, and health effects. The increasing usage of rare earth elements has raised concern about environmental toxicity, which may further cause harmful effects on human health. The study aims to review the toxicity analysis of these rare earth elements concerning aquatic biota, considering it to be the sensitive indicator of the environment. Based on the limited reports of REE effects, the review highlights the need for more detailed studies on the hormetic effects of REEs. Aquatic biota is a cheap, robust, and efficient platform to study REEs’ toxicity, mobility of REEs, and biomagnification in water bodies. REEs’ diverse effects on aquatic life forms have been observed due to the lack of safety limits and extensive use in the various sectors. In accordance with the available data, we have put in efforts to compile all the relevant research results in this paper related to the topic “toxicity effect of REEs on aquatic life”.

scholarly journals How Rare Are Rare-Earth Elements in Living Things?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocío Bustillos-Cristales ◽  
Yagul Pedraza-Pérez ◽  
Luis Ernesto Fuentes-Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Earth's Crust ◽  
Living Organisms

Rare-earth elements (REEs) are a group of metallic chemical elements that share some properties and that despite their name are not too rare in the Earth’s crust. Until recently, we did not know of any REEs that were necessary for any living organism. Now we know that there are some bacteria that use REEs to perform reactions that let them consume alcohol. Humans are also interested in REEs because these elements are valuable for many technological applications. In this article, we will explain the only known participation of REEs in living organisms and explain why future research on REEs is important.

Drawing sedimentary outcrops

2019 ◽  
pp. 141-168
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Genge
Keyword(s):  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Sedimentary Facies ◽  
Worked Examples ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Sedimentary Structures ◽  
History Of ◽  
Earth's Crust ◽  
Life On Earth

Sedimentary rocks are the commonest rocks found on the surface of the Earth’s crust and record much of the history of both our planet and life on Earth. This chapter describes how to draw outcrops of sedimentary rocks in the field and the most important features of these rocks to record and describe. The stratigraphy and interpretation of sedimentary rocks is also considered in the chapter and includes a description of common sedimentary structures. The use of sedimentary facies in evaluation of depositional environment is introduced. Five worked examples of field sketches of sedimentary outcrops are given to illustrate how to make accurate and detailed observations of sediments. Examples include how to draw unconformities, sedimentary structures, lithologies, and graphic logs.

Watershed scale assessment of rare earth elements in soils derived from sedimentary rocks

2019 ◽  
Vol 191 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bárbara de Albuquerque Pereira ◽  
Yuri Jacques Agra Bezerra da Silva ◽  
Clístenes Williams Araújo do Nascimento ◽  
Ygor Jacques Agra Bezerra da Silva ◽  
Rennan Cabral Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Watershed Scale ◽  
Scale Assessment
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