Degradation of Computer-aided Design/Computer-aided Manufacturing Composites by Dietary Solvents: An Optical Three-dimensional Surface Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. E176-E184
Author(s):  
SM Munusamy ◽  
AU Yap ◽  
HL Ching ◽  
NA Yahya
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Computer Aided Manufacturing ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Air Control ◽  
Dimensional Surface

Clinical Relevance Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) composite resins are susceptible to degradation by dietary solvents. Dietary counselling is prudent when placing such CAD/CAM restorations. SUMMARY This study determined the effect of dietary solvents on the surface roughness (Ra) of direct, indirect, and computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) dental composites. The materials evaluated were a direct composite (Filtek Z350 XT [FZ]), an indirect composite (Shofu Ceramage [CM]), and four CAD/CAM composites (Lava Ultimate [LU], Shofu Block HC [HC], Cerasmart [CS], and Vita Enamic [VE]). Specimens (12×14×1.5 mm) of each material were prepared, measured for baseline Ra, ranked, divided into six groups (n=12), and conditioned in the following media for 1 week at 37°C: air (control), distilled water, 0.02 N citric acid, 0.02 N lactic acid, heptane, and 50% ethanol-water solution. The composite specimens were then subjected to postconditioning Ra testing using an optical three-dimensional surface analyzer (G4e, Alicona Imaging GmbH, Raaba, Austria). Inter-medium and inter-material comparisons were performed with one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Bonferroni test at a significance level of α=0.05. Mean Ra values ranged from 0.086 ± 0.004 μm to 0.153 ± 0.005 μm for the various material/medium combinations. For all materials, conditioning in air (control) and distilled water generally resulted in significantly lower mean Ra than exposure to other dietary solvents. Conditioning in citric acid presented the roughest surfaces for FZ, CM, and CS. For LU, HC, and VE, exposure to lactic acid, heptane, and ethanol solution resulted in the highest mean Ra. Regardless of conditioning media, FZ had the highest and VE the lowest mean Ra compared with other composites. The CAD/CAM composites remained susceptible to surface degradation by dietary solvents despite their industrial polymerization.

Recognising Facial Surfaces

Perception ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 755-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicki Bruce ◽  
Patrick Healey ◽  
Mike Burton ◽  
Tony Doyle ◽  
Anne Coombes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Matching Accuracy ◽  
The People ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Closed Head ◽  
The Face ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Dimensional Surface

The extent to which faces depicted as surfaces devoid of pigmentation and with minimal texture cues (‘head models’) could be matched with photographs (when unfamiliar) and identified (when familiar) was examined in three experiments. The head models were obtained by scanning the three-dimensional surface of the face with a laser, and by displaying the surface measured in this way by using standard computer-aided design techniques. Performance in all tasks was above chance but far from ceiling. Experiment 1 showed that matching of unfamiliar head models with photographs was affected by the resolution with which the surface was displayed, suggesting that subjects based their decisions, at least in part, on three-dimensional surface structure. Matching accuracy was also affected by other factors to do with the viewpoints shown in the head models and test photographs, and the type of lighting used to portray the head model. In experiment 2 further evidence for the importance of the nature of the illumination used was obtained, and it was found that the addition of a hairstyle (not that of the target face) did not facilitate matching. In experiment 3 identification of the head models by colleagues of the people shown was compared with identification of photographs where the hair was concealed and eyes were closed. Head models were identified less well than these photographs, suggesting that the difficulties in their recognition are not solely due to the lack of hair. Women's heads were disproportionately difficult to recognise from the head models. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for the use of such three-dimensional head models in forensic and surgical applications.

User’s Perspective of CAD/CAM Software

1988 ◽  
Vol 4 (04) ◽  
pp. 280-285
Author(s):  
R. V. Shields
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Great Emphasis ◽  
End User ◽  
Computer Aided Manufacturing ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Cam Software

Great emphasis has been attached to the achievement of productivity and producibility benefits through the application of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technologies. To ensure the achievement of these benefits, it is important that the end user have appropriate software and be able to use it to his advantage. The proper procurement, customization, installation, training, and implementation of software can play a significant role in the effectiveness of CAD/CAM.

scholarly journals Awareness Among Dental Undergraduate Students Regarding CAD/CAM Technology—A Survey Report

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 (02) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Sushmita V. Palanisamy ◽  
Chethan Hegde
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Computer Aided Manufacturing ◽  
The Third ◽  
Survey Report ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Aided Design

Abstract Background Contemporary dentistry is advancing toward computer-aided design/ computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology. But the budding dentists are unaware about the advancement. This survey aims at detecting the level of awareness among the undergraduate students and then correlating those results to modify the future curriculum. Objective The study aims (1) to assess the awareness among the dental undergraduate students and (2) to correlate the level of awareness among the third years, final years, and interns. Sample Selection Study sample consist of 300 students (third year students, final year students, and interns) of A. B. Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India. The information of the survey was collected with the help of a questionnaire. Results More than 70% of the students were aware about the basic functioning of CAD/CAM unit and approximately 74% of the students were unaware about the materials used to fabricate the prosthesis using CAD/CAM technology.

A New Proposal for Three-Dimensional Positioning of the Chin Using a Single Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing Surgical Guide

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 1963-1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Jorge Cavalcante Costa ◽  
Maurício Silva Demétrio ◽  
Pedro Thalles Bernardo Carvalho Nogueira ◽  
Larissa Raposo Rodrigues ◽  
Paulo Domingos Ribeiro Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Computer Aided Manufacturing ◽  
Surgical Guide ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Aided Design

scholarly journals Monitoring Alveolar Ridge Remodelling Post-Extraction Using Sequential Intraoral Scanning over a Period of Four Months

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6638
Author(s):  
Khaled E. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Changes ◽  
Intraoral Scanning ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
2D And 3D

The potential applications of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) and intraoral scanning exceed the delivery of standard prosthodontic interventions. The aim of this study was to clinically present a developed assessment technique, that relies on the use of sequential intraoral scanning, three-dimensional superimposition, and 2D and 3D deviation analyses based on a standardised protocol, as an auxiliary tool in monitoring dimensional changes of residual ridge post-extraction with a follow-up period of four months.

scholarly journals VIRTUAL TECHNOLOGIES IN DENTISTRY

2020 ◽  
pp. 606-612
Author(s):  
S.V. KAZUMYAN ◽  
◽  
I.A. DEGTEV ◽  
V.V. BORISOV ◽  
K.A. ERSHOV
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Interdisciplinary Treatment ◽  
Digital Dentistry ◽  
Dental Restorations ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Planning Approach ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Aided Design

The article represents the information that in the age of digital dentistry, virtual treatment planning is becoming an increasingly important element of dental practice. With new technological advances in computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) of dental restorations, predictable interdisciplinary treatment using a reverse planning approach appears to be beneficial and feasible. It is noted that thanks to achievements in medical imaging and computer programming, 2D axial images can be processed into other reformatted representations (sagittal and coronal) and three-dimensional (3D) virtual models representing the patient’s anatomy. It is shown that telemedicine occupies a special place among modern technologies in dentistry, which is used both for remote consultation and for the successful treatment of patients. Keywords: Virtual assistants , virtual nurses, voice technologies, artificial intelligence, virtual reality, 3D printing, telemedicine.

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