Debonding of Leucite-reinforced Glass-ceramic Veneers Using Er, Cr:YSGG Laser Device: Optimizing Speed with Thermal Safety

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-106
Author(s):  
CJ Walinski ◽  
JE Gibson ◽  
DS Colvert ◽  
DC Redmond ◽  
JH Jafarian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Laser Energy ◽  
Water Spray ◽  
Thermal Safety ◽  
Tooth Structure ◽  
Laser Parameters ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Laser Fiber ◽  
Laminate Veneers ◽  
Dental Laser

Clinical Relevance Removing laminate veneers on anterior teeth by using an Er,Cr:YSGG dental laser can be completed faster than previously reported while maintaining thermal safety. SUMMARY Objective: When laminate veneer restorations require removal, the process is tedious, time-consuming, and potentially damaging to the underlying tooth structure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the removal of Empress CAD milled laminate veneers on extracted human central incisors by using an Er,Cr:YSGG dental laser while optimizing speed and maintaining thermal safety. Methods and Materials: A total of 22 extracted human incisors were mounted in acrylic blocks. Conservative veneer preparations were made on all samples with a high-speed dental handpiece with a diamond bur and air/water spray. The 22 blocks of IPS Empress CAD were designed and milled into laminate veneers with a CAD/CAM System and luted to the prepared teeth. An Er,Cr:YSGG dental laser was fitted with a handpiece and laser fiber (600-μm diameter cylindrical fiber, 6 mm in length). Laser parameters were 333 mJ/pulse, 30 Hz, 80% air, 50% water, 600-μm diameter fiber tip, at a fluence of 885.96 J/cm2. The laser fiber tip was held directly on the surface of each veneer in contact, perpendicular to the surface, and moved slowly, covering the labial surface while firing. Results: At the laser parameters tested (333 mJ/pulse, 30 Hz, 80% air, 50% water, 600-μm diameter fiber tip), the average duration of exposure to completely remove each laminate veneer was 14.16 ± 0.60 seconds, with a range of 10.75 to 21.25 seconds. The average thickness of each veneer measured at the midfacial was 0.75 +/− 0.03 mm. The mean intrapulpal temperature increase for this period was 0.71°C ± 0.15°C. Conclusions: A regression model between time and thickness (p<0.0001) proved to be significant. However, the same cannot be said when the same modeling was tested between temperature and thickness. It can therefore be concluded that as the thickness of a veneer increases, more time is necessary to remove a veneer using Er,Cr:YSGG laser energy; however, increasing thickness does not necessarily result in an increase in pulpal temperature. Within the limitations of this study (single restorative material and single luting agent), it can be concluded that removing CAD Empress laminate veneer restorations using an Er,Cr:YSGG laser is reliable and thermally safe, even at an average of 10 W of power at 30 Hz. Additionally, thermal safety is maximized with adequate aerosolized water spray.

scholarly journals Er:YAG Laser Debonding of Porcelain Laminate Veneers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Jean-Paul Rocca ◽  
Carlo Fornaini ◽  
Yinghua Zhen ◽  
Zengyi Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Er:Yag Laser ◽  
Anterior Tooth ◽  
Water Spray ◽  
Tooth Structure ◽  
Sem Observation ◽  
Laminate Veneers

The purpose of this study consists to verify if Er:YAG laser, at low fluences, is able to debond porcelain veneers, successfully used to improve anterior tooth esthetics, without damaging the tooth structures. A total of twelve freshly extracted teeth were used and samples were decontaminated, stored, prepared to obtain Veneers adhesion. One week after, Er:YAG laser with a non-contact sapphire tip with air-water spray was used for veneer debonding at 100 mJ of power and 30Hz of frequency (Fluence 5.91 J/cm2). Results demonstrated that veneer debonding is possible with an Er:YAG laser and that the total number of pulses does not seem related to its efficiency. SEM observation confirms that residual tooth structure is not altered when using these low fluences. Low fluences with Er:YAG laser are able to debond veneers while preserving the tooth structures. SEM observation confirmed that residual tooth structure is not altered with low fluences.

Smile Designing Using Laminate Veneers – A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sriram Thirugnanam
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Resin Cement ◽  
Thermal Coefficient ◽  
Tooth Structure ◽  
Aesthetic Result ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Aesthetic Results ◽  
Smile Aesthetics ◽  
Laminate Veneers

Aim: To describe a treatment plan that serves as a functional and aesthetic alternative to orthodontic treatment options that may be time-consuming, for mild crowding in anterior teeth wherein only aesthetics is of concern. Background: Laminate veneers are a conservative alternative to full coverage crowns for improving the appearance of the anterior teeth. Adhesive technologies make it possible to bond the prosthesis whilst preserving the tooth structure.[3] Immediate results are achieved since the prosthesis could be delivered within a few days. Ceramics are aesthetic, biocompatible, wear- resistant, exhibit excellent colour stability, and present a thermal coefficient of expansion similar to enamel. Hence prove to be the most desired material for laminate veneers. Case Description: Laser gingivoplasty was done on the maxillary anterior (13 to 23) to align the gingival zenith. Veneer preparation was done on the same teeth with minimal tooth reduction (0.5 mm) on the enamel only. All-ceramic veneers were bonded to the teeth with light cure resin cement to achieve the desired aesthetic results. Conclusion: Smile aesthetics can be achieved only when there is harmony between the teeth and the gingival zenith. With proper diagnosis and treatment planning, a desirable aesthetic result was achieved. Clinical Signification: Smile designing includes scientific and artistic principles, which helps in creating an aesthetic smile. These norms were found through the collection of data from patients, diagnostic casts, mock wax-ups, measurements, concepts of beauty, and golden proportions.

scholarly journals Surface Forming Criteria of Ti-6AL-4V Titanium Alloy under Laser Loading

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5406
Author(s):  
Fei Yin ◽  
Xia Ye ◽  
Hongbing Yao ◽  
Pengyu Wei ◽  
Xumei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Yttrium Aluminum Garnet ◽  
Laser Energy ◽  
Target Material ◽  
Nanosecond Laser ◽  
Laser Shock ◽  
Shock Condition ◽  
Key Factor

In order to study the spallation phenomenon of titanium alloy under the shock of nanosecond laser, the Neodymium-Yttrium-Aluminum Garnet laser was used to carry out laser shock experiments on the surface of titanium alloy. By observing and measuring the surface morphology of the target material, the forming factors and the changes of the surface morphology under different parameter settings, the forming criteria of the titanium alloy were obtained. The results show that under the single variable method, the change of laser energy can affect the target shape variable, and there is a positive correlation between them. When the thickness was greater than or equal to 0.08 mm, no obvious cracks were found in the targets. Moreover, the number of impact times was the key factor for the target deformation; with the growth of impact times, the target deformation gradually became larger until the crack appeared. The larger the diameter of the spot, the more likely the target was to undergo plastic deformation. The surface of titanium alloy with a thickness of 0.08 mm appeared to rebound under specific laser shock condition. The changes in the back of the target material were observed in real time through a high-speed camera, and the plasma induced by the laser was observed in the process. This study is based on the results of previous studies to obtain the titanium alloy forming criteria, which provides a basis for the setting of laser parameters and the thickness of the target when the nanosecond laser impacts the Ti-6AL-4V target.

scholarly journals Fractographical Analysis and Biomechanical Considerations of a Tooth Restored With Intracanal Fiber Post: Report of the Fracture and Importance of the Fiber Arrangements

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. E149-E158 ◽  
Author(s):  
VF Wandscher ◽  
CD Bergoli ◽  
IF Limberger ◽  
TP Cenci ◽  
P Baldissara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Fiber Post ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Parallel Fibers ◽  
Tooth Structure ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Compressive Stresses

SUMMARY Objective: This article aims to present a fractographic analysis of an anterior tooth restored with a glass fiber post with parallel fiber arrangement, taking into account force vectors, finite element analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Methods: A patient presented at the Faculty of Dentistry (Federal University of Santa Maria, Brazil) with an endodontically treated tooth (ETT), a lateral incisor that had a restorable fracture. The treatment was performed, and the fractured piece was analyzed using stereomicroscopy, SEM, and finite element analysis. Results: The absence of remaining coronal tooth structure might have been the main factor for the clinical failure. We observed different stresses actuating in an ETT restored with a fiber post as well as their relationship with the ultimate fracture. Tensile, compression, and shear stresses presented at different levels inside the restored tooth. Tensile and compressive stresses acted together and were at a maximum in the outer portions and a minimum in the inner portions. In contrast, shear stresses acted concomitantly with tensile and compressive stresses. Shear was higher in the inner portions (center of the post), and lower in the outer portions. This was confirmed by finite element analysis. The SEM analysis showed tensile and compression areas in the fiber post (exposed fibers=tensile areas=lingual surface; nonexposed fibers=compression areas=buccal surface) and shear areas inside the post (scallops and hackle lines). Stereomicroscopic analysis showed brown stains in the crown/root interface, indicating the presence of microleakage (tensile area=lingual surface). Conclusion: We concluded that glass fiber posts with parallel fibers (0°), when restoring anterior teeth, present a greater fracture potential by shear stress because parallel fibers are not mechanically resistant to support oblique occlusal loads. Factors such as the presence of remaining coronal tooth structure and occlusal stability assist in the biomechanical equilibrium of stresses that act upon anterior teeth.

Wear and microwear on the teeth of a moose (Alces alces) population in Manitoba, Canada

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 2467-2479 ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. Young ◽  
Therese M. Marty
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Incisor Tooth ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Tooth Structure ◽  
Microwear Analysis ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic Analysis

A group of wild moose from Manitoba, Canada, were documented as having excessive tooth wear. Replicas of one incisor tooth were collected from 16 individuals and from 19 controls for comparison by volumetric and scanning electron microscopic analysis. All animals were aged from tooth cementum lines. Tooth replicas were cast from silicone rubber impressions in epoxy resin and sputter coated with gold. Tooth wear with age was compared statistically by measuring crown height, percent tooth loss, interfacet distance, and facet area on the incisors. The unique pattern of wear on the anterior teeth of affected moose was described. In affected animals, crown heights were significantly reduced and percent tooth loss was excessive. Microwear analysis found that an abrasive agent, acting predominantly in a lingual to labial direction, had been responsible for loss of enamel and dentine incisally and interproximally, and on the facial and lingual surfaces to a lesser extent. Interdental facets became involved by vertical abrasion. Control teeth showed fewer but coarser scratches and only approached the pattern of wear found in affected moose in a few individuals in old age. The loss of tooth structure would lead to diminished cropping efficiency and damage to the periodontium.

scholarly journals Soft Tissue Applications of Er,Cr:YSGG Laser in Pediatric Dentistry

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferah Rehman ◽  
Vivek Chaturvedy
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Laser Energy ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Pediatric Dentistry ◽  
Patient Comfort ◽  
Operating Efficiency ◽  
Hard Tissue ◽  
Contact Mode ◽  
Tooth Structure ◽  
Dental Tissues

ABSTRACT Soft tissue laser, such as diode and Nd:YAG lasers were initially used in soft tissue lesions because of its increased success rate. It was because of the fact that these lasers were well-absorbed by chromophores, such as hemoglobin and melanin which are found abundant in the oral mucosa. The introduction of erbium family in 1990 comprising the Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG lasers made the hard tissue laser a boon for dentistry. Erbium, chromium-doped yttrium, scandium, gallium and garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) was introduced in 1997 for the surgical needs of clinical dentistry in general practice. The erbium belongs to the rare earth which is embedded in a host crystal. The actual lasing process takes place in the Er ion Er3+. Two host crystals consisting of yttrium, aluminum, and garnet (Y3A5O12) and yttrium, scandium, gallium, and garnet (Y3Sc2Ga3O12) are added to the erbium. The interest to use these hard tissue laser in the treatment of soft tissue lesion was because of the properties of these lasers which are well-absorbed by chromophore water apart from hydroxy appetite crystals. Erbium laser energy is absorbed by collagen, hydroxyapatite, and water components. It allows the laser to cut soft tissue, tooth structure, and bone. In the noncontact mode, the incision is scalpel-like, with very little hemostasis. In contact mode, it performs soft tissue sculpting with adequate hemostasis. The Er,Cr:YSGG is the world's most advanced dental laser, which is ideal all-tissue laser because all dental tissues contain water, for the multidisciplinary dentist who performs a broad spectrum of procedures. It delivers the highest level of clinician control, operating efficiency, flexibility in tip, and accessory selection. For optimal clinical results and patient comfort in hard and soft tissue procedures, the erbium lasers have set a new standard of clinical performance. The present case series aims to highlight the various soft tissue applications of Er,Cr:YSGG (Waterlase Biolase®, Biolase, Inc, San Clemente, California, USA) in pediatric patients. How to cite this article Kumar G, Rehman F, Chaturvedy V. Soft Tissue Applications of Er,Cr:YSGG Laser in Pediatric Dentistry. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):188-192.

Experiment Research of Laser Induced Air Breakdown

2014 ◽  
Vol 599-601 ◽  
pp. 201-204
Author(s):  
Hai Dong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Laser Excitation ◽  
Laser Energy ◽  
Ionization Process ◽  
High Speed Camera ◽  
Experiment Research ◽  
Sound Energy ◽  
Air Breakdown

The principle of laser induced air breakdown was introduced. The laser energy conversion in ionization process was studied. The phenomenon of laser induced air breakdown was observed by using high speed camera. It was found that a higher laser energy induced more laser energy to transfer into light and sound energy. The plasma reached maximum in shape in about 20 to 30 ns after laser excitation, and disappeared in about 16μs.

scholarly journals Comparing Zirconia to Anterior Strip Crowns in Primary Anterior Teeth in children, A Randomized Clinical Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumer M Alaki ◽  
Bashaer S Abdulhadi ◽  
Medhat A AbdelBaki ◽  
Najla M Al-Alamoudi
Keyword(s):  
Resin Composite ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Random Allocation ◽  
Tooth Structure ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Gingival Health ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Zirconia Crowns ◽  
Restoration Failure

Abstract Background: Providing restorations to anterior teeth in children is a challenging task due to the need for high esthetics, strength, and durability. This study was done to compare prefabricated primary zirconia with resin composite strip crowns on primary maxillary central and lateral incisors with regards to gingival health, plaque accumulation, recurrent caries, restoration failure, and opposing teeth wear over a period of 3, 6 and 12 months. Methods: Children attending the King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Dentistry (KAUFD) clinics who needed restorations were screened for inclusion criteria. A total of 120 teeth were treated; 60 with zirconia and 60 with strip crowns. Randomization was done by simple random allocation using SPSS software version 20.0 (Armonk, NY; IBM Corp.). A simple descriptive statistic was used for analysis by Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test and Chi-square test. Level of significance was set at (α = 0.05) and level of confidence at (95%). The presented research was registered retrospectively at ClinicalTrials.gov in 6th of August 2017, under registration number NCT03184012.Results: Zirconia crowns showed significantly less gingival bleeding at the 3- and 6-months follow up periods (p<0.006, p<0.001; respectively), less plaque accumulation at all follow up visits (p<0.001), no restoration failure (p<0.001), but more wear to opposing teeth (p<0.02). No significant difference was found between the two crowns with regards to recurrent caries (p<0.135).Conclusion: Based on our data we conclude that overtime teeth covered with zirconia crowns show better gingival health and less bleeding, plaque accumulation as well as less loss of material. On the other hand, zirconia can cause more loss of opposing tooth structure.

scholarly journals Restorasi pada gigi anterior setelah perawatan endodontik Restoration of anterior tooth after endodontic treatment

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Besse Tenri Awaru ◽  
Juni Jekti Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Anterior Tooth ◽  
Tooth Crown ◽  
Tooth Structure ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Endodontically Treated Tooth ◽  
Selection Of

Structure of the anterior teeth after endodontic treatment usually become weak because of the extensive loss of toothstructure. It causes a big problem to an endodontically treatment tooth when considering its restoration, examplereduced strength of the remaining tooth structure. Restoration that covers the tooth crown can be used if aesthetic andfunctional problems factors have been considered. However, composite resins are also often the treatment of choice forthe restoration of endodontically treated tooth. In this literature review, it will be discussed the selection of the properrestoration of the anterior teeth that have been endodontically treated.

Characteristics of the Keyhole and Energy Absorption during YAG Laser Welding of Al-Li Alloy

2011 ◽  
Vol 287-290 ◽  
pp. 2401-2406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai Qin Duan ◽  
Shui Li Gong
Keyword(s):  
Laser Welding ◽  
Heat Input ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Laser Energy ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
High Speed Camera ◽  
Welding Time ◽  
Welding Condition ◽  
Yag Laser ◽  
Temperature Area

In this paper, the keyhole of YAG laser welding 5A90 Al-Li alloy was observed and measured through the high speed camera. The characteristics of the keyhole and the effects of welding parameters were studied. The characteristics of the absorption of laser energy and the susceptivity for heat input in welding 5A90 were given. The results show that in this welding condition, the keyhole of laser welding 5A90 is nearly a taper and the highest temperature area is in the bottom. There are clear effects of heat input on the characteristics, especially the surface radius of keyhole and plasma/vapor in keyhole. Another phenomena is observed that sometime plasma/vapor could disappear in 0.3ms welding time, and this feature will be more remarkable as decrease of heat input. It shows that the absorption of energy is unsteady. It is known that when this instability reaches a certain value, an unsteady weld will be formed.

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