scholarly journals Impaired motor control due to proprioceptive sensory loss in a patient with cerebral infarction localized to the postcentral gyrus

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Kato ◽  
M Izumiyama
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Cerebral Infarction ◽  
Sensory Loss ◽  
Postcentral Gyrus

Nonlesional central lobule seizures: use of awake cortical mapping and subdural grid monitoring for resection of seizure focus

2003 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 1255-1262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron A. Cohen-Gadol ◽  
Jeffrey W. Britton ◽  
Frederic P. Collignon ◽  
Lisa M. Bates ◽  
Gregory D. Cascino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seizure Frequency ◽  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Cortical Stimulation ◽  
Limited Resection ◽  
Awake Craniotomy ◽  
Sensory Loss ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Postcentral Gyrus ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Surgical treatment options for intractable seizures caused by a nonlesional epileptogenic focus located in the central sulcus region are limited. The authors describe an alternative surgical approach for treating medically refractory nonlesional perirolandic epilepsy. Methods. Five consecutive patients who were treated between 1996 and 2000 for nonlesional partial epilepsy that had originated in the central lobule were studied. The patients' ages ranged from 16 to 56 years (mean 28.6 years; there were four men and one woman). The duration of their epilepsy ranged from 8 to 39 years (mean 20.2 years), with a mean seizure frequency of 19 partial seizures per week. Preoperative assessment included video electroencephalography (EEG) and subtracted ictal—interictal single-photon emission computerized tomography coregistered with magnetic resonance imaging (SISCOM). Patients underwent an awake craniotomy stereotactically guided by the ictal EEG and SISCOM studies. Cortical stimulation was used to identify the sensorimotor cortex and to reproduce the patient's aura. A subdural grid was then implanted based on these results. Subsequent postoperative ictal electrocorticographic recordings and cortical stimulation further delineated the site of seizure onset and functional anatomy. During a second awake craniotomy, a limited resection of the epileptogenic central lobule region was performed while function was continuously monitored intraoperatively. One resection was limited to the precentral gyrus, two to the postcentral gyrus, and in two the excisions involved regions of both the pre- and postcentral gyri. In three patients a hemiparesis occurred postsurgery but later resolved. In the four patients whose resection involved the postcentral gyrus, transient cortical sensory loss and apraxia occurred, which completely resolved in three. Two patients are completely seizure free, two have experienced occasional nondisabling seizures, and one patient has benefited from a more than 75% reduction in seizure frequency. The follow-up period ranged from 2 to 5.5 years (mean 3.5 years). Conclusions. A limited resection of the sensorimotor cortex may be performed with acceptable neurological morbidity in patients with medically refractory perirolandic epilepsy. This procedure is an alternative to multiple subpial transections in the surgical management of intractable nonlesional epilepsy originating from the sensorimotor cortex.

scholarly journals The role of somatosensation in automatic visuo-motor control: a comparison of congenital and acquired sensory loss

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Chris Miall ◽  
Daria Afanasyeva ◽  
Jonathan D. Cole ◽  
Peggy Mason
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
Sensory Loss ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
Trial Duration ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Drawing Tasks ◽  
Task Conditions

AbstractStudies of chronically deafferented participants have illuminated how regaining some motor control after adult-onset loss of proprioceptive and touch input depends heavily on cognitive control. In this study we contrasted the performance of one such man, IW, with KS, a woman born without any somatosensory fibres. We postulated that her life-long absence of proprioception and touch might have allowed her to automate some simple visually-guided actions, something IW appears unable to achieve. We tested these two, and two age-matched control groups, on writing and drawing tasks performed with and without an audio-verbal echoing task that added a cognitive demand. In common with other studies of skilled action, the dual task was shown to affect visuo-motor performance in controls, with less well-controlled drawing and writing, evident as increases in path speed and reduction in curvature and trial duration. We found little evidence that IW was able to automate even the simplest drawing tasks and no evidence for automaticity in his writing. In contrast, KS showed a selective increase in speed of signature writing under the dual-task conditions, suggesting some ability to automate her most familiar writing. We also tested tracing of templates under mirror-reversed conditions, a task that imposes a powerful cognitive planning challenge. Both IW and KS showed evidence of a visuo-motor planning conflict, as did the controls, for shapes with sharp corners. Overall, IW was much faster than his controls to complete tracing shapes, consistent with an absence of visuo-proprioceptive conflict, whereas KS was slower than her controls, especially as the corners became sharper. She dramatically improved after a short period of practice while IW did not. We conclude that KS, who developed from birth without proprioception, may have some visually derived control of movement not under cognitive control, something not seen in IW. This allowed her to automate some writing and drawing actions, but impaired her initial attempts at mirror-tracing. In contrast, IW, who lost somatosensation as an adult, cannot automate these visually guided actions.

On the thalamo-cortical connexions of the general sensory cortex of Macaca

1953 ◽  
Vol 141 (905) ◽  
pp. 467-487 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Cortex ◽  
Sensory Loss ◽  
Cell Degeneration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Retrograde Degeneration ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Postcentral Gyrus ◽  
Ventral Nucleus ◽  
Lateral Nucleus ◽  
Cytoarchitectonic Areas

The ascending thalamic connexions of the general sensory cortex of Macaca have been studied by recording the retrograde cell degeneration in the posterior ventral nucleus of the thalamus following selective lesions involving the cytoarchitectonic areas o f the postcentral gyrus. Area 3 (of Brodmann) receives connexions from the entire rostro-caudal extent of the nucleus; they are derived from most of the cells in the rostral half and from at least 50% of the cells in the caudal half. Area 1 receives the exclusive projection of a proportion of the cells (up to 30% in the caudal half of the nucleus), and probably also collaterals from other axons which terminate mainly in area 3. The retrograde degeneration following lesions of area 2 provides no evidence that this area receives the exclusive projection of any of the cells of the posterior ventral nucleus, but there is evidence that it receives collaterals of axons terminating mainly in areas 3 and 1. Destruction of any one of the cytoarchitectonic areas of the postcentral gyrus results in a partial diffuse degeneration over the whole cross-sectional area of the ventro-lateral nucleus at different levels. Only when a complete sector of the postcentral gyrus is destroyed, involving all three cytoarchitectonic areas, is there a sharply circumscribed lamina of retrograde degeneration extending throughout the rostro-caudal extent of the nucleus. The nucleus lateralis posterior of the thalamus projects to the parietal cortex; there is no evidence that it has any connexion with the general sensory cortex. The results of these experiments are discussed in relation to clinical observations of dissociated sensory loss following lesions of the postcentral gyrus in man.

Effect of Early Application of Nursing Rehabilitation on Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients in Phu Tho General Hospital, Vi-etnam: Heavy Case Observation (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngoc Huy Nguyen ◽  
An Quang Nguyen ◽  
Mai Thuy Lam ◽  
Thong Van Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Cerebral Infarction ◽  
Barthel Index ◽  
Nursing Intervention ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Early Application ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Normal Functions

UNSTRUCTURED Globally, stroke is considered to be the most common cause of disability in adults. Most patients need nursing intervention to recover their normal functions. Moreover, early nursing intervention is recommended as soon as possible. Case study: The paper describes the outcomes of a 60-year-old patient with stroke according to an assessment of motor control conducted using the Bobath and Barthel index scoring form. He was diagnosed with cerebral infarction and hypertension. At the time, he was unable to sit, stand, or walk. The man was indicated for early nursing interven-tion immediately after hospitalization for one day. After hospitalization for 6 weeks, the patient was able to sit, stand, and walk with moderate assistance.

scholarly journals Acute Onset Asymmetric Sensorimotor Paraparesis: Not Always Spinal!

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-42
Author(s):  
Dhananjay Gupta ◽  
Pradeep R ◽  
Anish Mehta ◽  
Mahendra Javali ◽  
Purshottam T. Acharya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cerebral Infarction ◽  
Symptomatic Improvement ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Sensory Loss ◽  
Cerebral Stroke ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
The Brain

Objective: To report an atypical case of acute onset sensorimotor paraparesis secondary to bilateral cerebral stroke. Background: Acute onset paraparesis or paraplegia is usually secondary to a spinal cord disease. Central or cerebral causes of paraparesis are rare and include parasagittal and bilateral precentral lesions. Design/Methods: Case report and literature review. Results: A 65-year-old man presented with acute onset weakness of both lower limbs, associated with pins and needle sensation. On examination, he was found to have paraparesis (grade 2/5, both legs) and an asymmetric sensory loss in both legs and thighs. Spinal magnetic resonance imaging ruled out any compressive or noncompressive etiology. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed an acute infarction in the bilateral cerebral hemisphere in both the pre- and postcentral gyrus. An angiogram of the brain revealed an aplastic right ACA-A1 with left ACA-A1 feeding bilateral A2. There was distal left ACA-A1 stenosis seen, the probable cause of bilateral stroke in this patient. The patient was treated conservatively and showed symptomatic improvement during the course of stay at the hospital. Conclusion: This case of acute paraparesis secondary to bilateral cerebral infarction demonstrates the need to always look for a cerebral cause. In patients with cerebral infarction, who present early to a hospital, it may provide a window for thrombolytic or endovascular therapy.

Physiologic Studies Provide New Perspectives on Early Speech Development

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Erin M. Wilson ◽  
Ignatius S. B. Nip
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Motion Tracking ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Speech Motor Control ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Facial Motion ◽  
Disordered Speech ◽  
Speech Motor ◽  
Physiologic Data

Abstract Although certain speech development milestones are readily observable, the developmental course of speech motor control is largely unknown. However, recent advances in facial motion tracking systems have been used to investigate articulator movements in children and the findings from these studies are being used to further our understanding of the physiologic basis of typical and disordered speech development. Physiologic work has revealed that the emergence of speech is highly dependent on the lack of flexibility in the early oromotor system. It also has been determined that the progression of speech motor development is non-linear, a finding that has motivated researchers to investigate how variables such as oromotor control, cognition, and linguistic factors affect speech development in the form of catalysts and constraints. Physiologic data are also being used to determine if non-speech oromotor behaviors play a role in the development of speech. This improved understanding of the physiology underlying speech, as well as the factors influencing its progression, helps inform our understanding of speech motor control in children with disordered speech and provide a framework for theory-driven therapeutic approaches to treatment.

DECOMPRESSIVE CRANIECTOMY FOR MASSIVE CEREBRAL INFARCTION-A JOINT-CENTRE EXPERIENCE *

2001 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. A2-A2
Author(s):  
Gilberto Ka Kit Leung ◽  
Michael Wing Yau Lee ◽  
Wai Man Lui ◽  
Wilson Wai Shing Ho
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Infarction ◽  
Decompressive Craniectomy
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