scholarly journals Erratum. Clinical Impact of Residual C-Peptide Secretion in Type 1 Diabetes on Glycemia and Microvascular Complications. Diabetes Care 2021;44:390–398

Diabetes Care ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. dc21er04b
Author(s):  
Anita Jeyam ◽  
Helen Colhoun ◽  
Stuart McGurnaghan ◽  
Luke Blackbourn ◽  
Timothy J. McDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetes Care ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Clinical Impact ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Peptide Secretion

Erratum. Clinical Impact of Residual C-Peptide Secretion in Type 1 Diabetes on Glycemia and Microvascular Complications. Diabetes Care 2021;44:390–398

Diabetes Care ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. dc21er04b
Author(s):  
Anita Jeyam ◽  
Helen Colhoun ◽  
Stuart McGurnaghan ◽  
Luke Blackbourn ◽  
Timothy J. McDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetes Care ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Clinical Impact ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Peptide Secretion

scholarly journals Clinical Impact of Residual C-Peptide Secretion in Type 1 Diabetes on Glycemia and Microvascular Complications

Diabetes Care ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. dc200567
Author(s):  
Anita Jeyam ◽  
Helen Colhoun ◽  
Stuart McGurnaghan ◽  
Luke Blackbourn ◽  
Timothy J. McDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Clinical Impact ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Peptide Secretion

scholarly journals Clinical Impact of Residual C-Peptide Secretion in Type 1 Diabetes on Glycemia and Microvascular Complications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Jeyam ◽  
Helen Colhoun ◽  
Stuart McGurnaghan ◽  
Luke Blackbourn ◽  
Timothy J McDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Peptide Secretion ◽  
The Relationship

<i>Objective: </i>To quantify the relationship of residual C-peptide secretion to glycemic outcomes and microvascular complications in type 1 diabetes. <p><i>Design and Methods: </i>C-peptide was measured in an untimed blood sample in the SDRNT1BIO cohort of 6076 people with type 1 diabetes followed for an average of 5.2 years. </p> <p><i>Results: </i>In regression models adjusted for age at onset and duration, effect sizes for C-peptide ≥200 versus <5 pmol/l were as follows: insulin dose at baseline 27% lower (p=2×10−39), HbA1c during follow-up 4.9 mmol/mol lower (p=3×10−13), hazard ratio for hospital admission for diabetic ketoacidosis during follow-up 0.44 (p=0.0001), odds ratio for incident retinopathy 0.51 (p=0.0003). Effects on risk of serious hypoglycemic episodes were detectable at lower levels of C-peptide, and the form of the relationship was continuous down to the limit of detection (3 pmol/l). In regression models contrasting C-peptide 30 to <200 with <5 pmol/l, the odds ratio for self-report of at least one serious hypoglycemic episode in the last year was 0.56 (p=6×10−8), and the hazard ratio for hospital admission for hypoglycemia during follow-up was 0.52 (p=0.03). </p> <p><i>Conclusion: </i>These results in a large representative cohort suggest that even minimal residual C-peptide secretion could have clinical benefit in type 1 diabetes, in contrast to a follow-up study of the DCCT intensively-treated cohort where an effect on hypoglycemia was seen only at C-peptide levels ≥130 pmol/l. This has obvious implications for design and evaluation of trials of interventions to preserve or restore pancreatic islet function in type 1 diabetes. </p>

scholarly journals Residual C-peptide secretion and hypoglycemia awareness in people with type 1 diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e002288
Author(s):  
Martine J Wellens ◽  
Charlotte E Vollenbrock ◽  
Pim Dekker ◽  
Lianne S M Boesten ◽  
Petronella H Geelhoed-Duijvestijn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Severe Hypoglycemia ◽  
Diabetes Duration ◽  
Fasting Serum ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Diabetes Onset ◽  
Peptide Secretion

IntroductionThis study aimed to assess the association between fasting serum C-peptide levels and the presence of impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH) in people with type 1 diabetes.Research design and methodsWe performed a cross-sectional study among 509 individuals with type 1 diabetes (diabetes duration 5–65 years). Extensive clinical data and fasting serum C-peptide concentrations were collected and related to the presence or absence of IAH, which was evaluated using the validated Dutch version of the Clarke questionnaire. A multivariable logistic regression model was constructed to investigate the association of C-peptide and other clinical variables with IAH.ResultsIn 129 (25%) individuals, residual C-peptide secretion was detected, while 75 (15%) individuals reported IAH. The median (IQR) C-peptide concentration among all participants was 0.0 (0.0–3.9) pmol/L. The prevalence of severe hypoglycemia was lower in people with demonstrable C-peptide versus those with absent C-peptide (30% vs 41%, p=0.025). Individuals with IAH were older, had longer diabetes duration, more frequently had macrovascular and microvascular complications, and more often used antihypertensive drugs, antiplatelet agents and cholesterol-lowering medication. There was a strong association between IAH and having a severe hypoglycemia in the preceding year. In multivariable regression analysis, residual C-peptide, either continuously or dichotomous, was associated with lower prevalence of IAH (p=0.040–0.042), while age at diabetes onset (p=0.001), presence of microvascular complications (p=0.003) and body mass index (BMI) (p=0.003) were also independently associated with the presence of IAH.ConclusionsHigher BMI, the presence of microvascular complications and higher age at diabetes onset were independent risk factors for IAH in people with type 1 diabetes, while residual C-peptide secretion was associated with lower risk of this complication.

scholarly journals Clinical Impact of Residual C-Peptide Secretion in Type 1 Diabetes on Glycemia and Microvascular Complications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Jeyam ◽  
Helen Colhoun ◽  
Stuart McGurnaghan ◽  
Luke Blackbourn ◽  
Timothy J McDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Peptide Secretion ◽  
The Relationship

<i>Objective: </i>To quantify the relationship of residual C-peptide secretion to glycemic outcomes and microvascular complications in type 1 diabetes. <p><i>Design and Methods: </i>C-peptide was measured in an untimed blood sample in the SDRNT1BIO cohort of 6076 people with type 1 diabetes followed for an average of 5.2 years. </p> <p><i>Results: </i>In regression models adjusted for age at onset and duration, effect sizes for C-peptide ≥200 versus <5 pmol/l were as follows: insulin dose at baseline 27% lower (p=2×10−39), HbA1c during follow-up 4.9 mmol/mol lower (p=3×10−13), hazard ratio for hospital admission for diabetic ketoacidosis during follow-up 0.44 (p=0.0001), odds ratio for incident retinopathy 0.51 (p=0.0003). Effects on risk of serious hypoglycemic episodes were detectable at lower levels of C-peptide, and the form of the relationship was continuous down to the limit of detection (3 pmol/l). In regression models contrasting C-peptide 30 to <200 with <5 pmol/l, the odds ratio for self-report of at least one serious hypoglycemic episode in the last year was 0.56 (p=6×10−8), and the hazard ratio for hospital admission for hypoglycemia during follow-up was 0.52 (p=0.03). </p> <p><i>Conclusion: </i>These results in a large representative cohort suggest that even minimal residual C-peptide secretion could have clinical benefit in type 1 diabetes, in contrast to a follow-up study of the DCCT intensively-treated cohort where an effect on hypoglycemia was seen only at C-peptide levels ≥130 pmol/l. This has obvious implications for design and evaluation of trials of interventions to preserve or restore pancreatic islet function in type 1 diabetes. </p>

scholarly journals Comparison of proinsulin and C-peptide secretion in healthy versus long-standing type 1 diabetes mellitus cohorts: A pilot study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. e0207065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Sullivan ◽  
Jose M. Cacicedo ◽  
Iniya Rajendran ◽  
Devin W. Steenkamp
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Peptide Secretion

scholarly journals Declining trends of diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy with improving diabetes care indicators in Japanese patients with type 2 and type 1 diabetes (JDDM 46)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Yokoyama ◽  
Shin-ichi Araki ◽  
Koichi Kawai ◽  
Katsuya Yamazaki ◽  
Osamu Tomonaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Diabetes Care ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Treatment Target ◽  
Younger Patients

ObjectiveWe examined changes in prevalence of diabetic microvascular/macrovascular complications and diabetes care indicators for adults in Japan with type 2 and type 1 diabetes over one decade.Research design and methodsTwo independent cohorts were recruited with the same inclusion criteria in 2004 (cohort 1: 3319 with type 2 and 286 with type 1 diabetes) and in 2014 (cohort 2: 3932 with type 2 and 308 with type 1 diabetes). Prevalence of complications and care indicators including achieving treatment targets for glycemia, blood pressure, lipid control, body mass index (BMI), and smoking were compared. In addition, patients in cohort 1 were re-examined in 2014 and their data were compared with the baseline data of each cohort.ResultsIn type 2 diabetes, the prevalence of nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, chronic kidney disease, current smoking and stroke significantly decreased, with improvements in achieving treatment target rates in cohort 2 two as compared with cohort 1. In type 1 diabetes, the prevalence of nephropathy, retinopathy, chronic kidney disease, and hemoglobin A1Cvalues significantly decreased. Decreases in prevalence of microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes were similarly found in each age-matched and sex-matched group, whereas younger patients exhibited marked increase in BMI and lower treatment target achieving rates compared with elderly patients. Regarding normoalbuminuric renal impairment, only a slight increase in the prevalence was observed both in type 2 and type 1 diabetes. In cohort 1, re-examined in 2014, care indicators were significantly improved from 2004, while complications increased with getting 10 years older.ConclusionsWe observed declining trends of diabetic microvascular complications with improvement in diabetes care indicators in type 2 and type 1 diabetes. Younger patients with type 2 diabetes exhibited marked increase in BMI and lower rates of achieving treatment targets compared with elderly patients, which remains a concern.

scholarly journals Biological Activity of c-Peptide in Microvascular Complications of Type 1 Diabetes—Time for Translational Studies or Back to the Basics?

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 9723
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Ryk ◽  
Aleksandra Łosiewicz ◽  
Arkadiusz Michalak ◽  
Wojciech Fendler
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

People with type 1 diabetes have an increased risk of developing microvascular complications, which have a negative impact on the quality of life and reduce life expectancy. Numerous studies in animals with experimental diabetes show that c-peptide supplementation exerts beneficial effects on diabetes-induced damage in peripheral nerves and kidneys. There is substantial evidence that c-peptide counteracts the detrimental changes caused by hyperglycemia at the cellular level, such as decreased activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and sodium potassium ATPase, and increase in formation of pro-inflammatory molecules mediated by nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells: cytokines, chemokines, cell adhesion molecules, vascular endothelial growth factor, and transforming growth factor beta. However, despite positive results from cell and animal studies, no successful c-peptide replacement therapies have been developed so far. Therefore, it is important to improve our understanding of the impact of c-peptide on the pathophysiology of microvascular complications to develop novel c-peptide-based treatments. This article aims to review current knowledge on the impact of c-peptide on diabetic neuro- and nephropathy and to evaluate its potential therapeutic role.

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