scholarly journals Bone Mass and Density in Youth With Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity, and Healthy Weight

Diabetes Care ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 2544-2552
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Kindler ◽  
Andrea Kelly ◽  
Philip R. Khoury ◽  
Lorraine E. Levitt Katz ◽  
Elaine M. Urbina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Healthy Weight

Bone mass and density in youth with type 2 diabetes, obesity, and healthy weight

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kindler JM ◽  
Kelly A ◽  
Khoury PR ◽  
Levitt Katz LE ◽  
Urbina EM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Healthy Weight

scholarly journals Bone Mass and Density in Youth with Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity, and Healthy Weight

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Kindler ◽  
Andrea Kelly ◽  
Philip R. Khoury ◽  
Lorraine E. Levitt Katz ◽  
Elaine M. Urbina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Areal Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Z Scores

<b>Objective</b>: Youth-onset type 2 diabetes is an aggressive condition with increasing incidence. Adults with type 2 diabetes have increased fracture risk despite normal areal bone mineral density (aBMD), but the influence of diabetes on the growing skeleton is unknown. We compared bone health in youth with type 2 diabetes to controls with obesity or healthy weight. <p><b>Research Design and Methods</b>: Cross-sectional study of youth (56% African American, 67% female) ages 10-23 years with type 2 diabetes (n=180), obesity (BMI>95<sup>th</sup>; n=226), or healthy weight (BMI<85<sup>th</sup>; n=238). Whole body (less head) aBMD and lean mass, and abdominal visceral fat were assessed via DXA. Lean body mass index (LBMI) and aBMD standard deviation (SD) scores (“Z-scores”) were computed using published reference data. </p> <p><b>Results</b>: We observed age-dependent differences in aBMD and LBMI Z-scores between the healthy weight, obese, and type 2 diabetes groups. In children, aBMD and LBMI Z-scores were greater in the type 2 diabetes vs obese groups, but in adolescents and young adults, aBMD and LBMI Z-scores were lower in the type 2 diabetes vs. obese group (age interactions P<0.05). In the type 2 diabetes and obese groups, aBMD was about 0.5 SDs lower for a given LBMI Z-score compared to healthy weight controls (P<0.05). Further, aBMD was lower in those with greater visceral fat (β=-0.121, P=0.047).</p> <p><b>Conclusions</b>: These results suggest that type 2 diabetes may be detrimental to bone density around the age of peak bone mass. Given the increased fracture risk in adults with type 2 diabetes, there is a pressing need for longitudinal studies aimed at understanding the influence of diabetes on the growing skeleton.</p>

scholarly journals Bone Mass and Density in Youth with Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity, and Healthy Weight

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Kindler ◽  
Andrea Kelly ◽  
Philip R. Khoury ◽  
Lorraine E. Levitt Katz ◽  
Elaine M. Urbina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Areal Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Z Scores

<b>Objective</b>: Youth-onset type 2 diabetes is an aggressive condition with increasing incidence. Adults with type 2 diabetes have increased fracture risk despite normal areal bone mineral density (aBMD), but the influence of diabetes on the growing skeleton is unknown. We compared bone health in youth with type 2 diabetes to controls with obesity or healthy weight. <p><b>Research Design and Methods</b>: Cross-sectional study of youth (56% African American, 67% female) ages 10-23 years with type 2 diabetes (n=180), obesity (BMI>95<sup>th</sup>; n=226), or healthy weight (BMI<85<sup>th</sup>; n=238). Whole body (less head) aBMD and lean mass, and abdominal visceral fat were assessed via DXA. Lean body mass index (LBMI) and aBMD standard deviation (SD) scores (“Z-scores”) were computed using published reference data. </p> <p><b>Results</b>: We observed age-dependent differences in aBMD and LBMI Z-scores between the healthy weight, obese, and type 2 diabetes groups. In children, aBMD and LBMI Z-scores were greater in the type 2 diabetes vs obese groups, but in adolescents and young adults, aBMD and LBMI Z-scores were lower in the type 2 diabetes vs. obese group (age interactions P<0.05). In the type 2 diabetes and obese groups, aBMD was about 0.5 SDs lower for a given LBMI Z-score compared to healthy weight controls (P<0.05). Further, aBMD was lower in those with greater visceral fat (β=-0.121, P=0.047).</p> <p><b>Conclusions</b>: These results suggest that type 2 diabetes may be detrimental to bone density around the age of peak bone mass. Given the increased fracture risk in adults with type 2 diabetes, there is a pressing need for longitudinal studies aimed at understanding the influence of diabetes on the growing skeleton.</p>

scholarly journals Population-Based Estimates of Physical Activity for Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cautionary Tale of Potential Confounding by Weight Status

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald C. Plotnikoff ◽  
Steven T. Johnson ◽  
Constantinos A. Loucaides ◽  
Adrian E. Bauman ◽  
Nandini D. Karunamuni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Physical Activity Levels

At a population level, the method used to determine those meeting physical activity guidelines has important implications, as estimating “sufficient” physical activity might be confounded by weight status. The objective of this study was to test the difference between three methods in estimating the prevalence of “sufficient activity” among Canadian adults with type 2 diabetes in a large population sample (N=1614) while considering the role of weight status as a potential confounder. Our results revealed that estimates of physical activity levels vary by BMI categories, depending on the methods examined. Although physical activity levels were lower in the obese, their energy expenditure estimates were not different from those who were overweight or of a healthy weight. The implications of these findings are that biased estimates of physical activity at a population level may result in inappropriate classification of adults with type 2 diabetes as “sufficiently active” and that the inclusion of body weight in estimating physical activity prevalence should be approached with caution.

The Blood Pressure Response to Exercise in Youth with Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Type 2 Diabetes

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane E. Yardley ◽  
Jacqueline Hay ◽  
Freya MacMillan ◽  
Kristy Wittmeier ◽  
Brandy Wicklow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Pressure Response ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Response To Exercise

Type 2 diabetes is associated with hypertension and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. In adults, blood pressure (BP) responses to exercise are predictive of these complications. To determine if the hemodynamic response to exercise is exaggerated in youth with dysglycemia (DG) compared with normoglycemic overweight/obese (OB) and healthy weight (HW) controls a cross-sectional comparison of BP and heart rate (HR) responses to graded exercise to exhaustion in participants was performed. DG and OB youth were matched for age, BMI z-score, height and sex. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were measured every 2 min, and HR was measured every 1 min. SBP was higher in OB and DG compared with HW youth at rest (p > .001). Despite working at lower relative workloads compared with HW, the BP response was elevated during exercise in OB and DG. For similar HR and oxygen consumption rates, BP responses to exercise were slightly higher in OB and DG compared with HW. OB and DG youth both display elevated resting and exercise BP relative to HW peers. Obesity may play a greater role than dysglycemia in the exaggerated BP response to exercise in youth.

Bone mass and bone resorption in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Metabolism ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 940-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroko Hosoda ◽  
Michiaki Fukui ◽  
Ichiko Nakayama ◽  
Mai Asano ◽  
Mayuko Kadono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Postmenopausal Women

scholarly journals Decreased osteoclastogenesis, osteoblastogenesis and low bone mass in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1935-1941 ◽  
Author(s):  
FEI XU ◽  
YONGHUI DONG ◽  
XIN HUANG ◽  
MI LI ◽  
LIANG QIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Low Bone Mass

scholarly journals Bone mass and strength in older men with type 2 diabetes: The Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moira A Petit ◽  
Misti L Paudel ◽  
Brent C Taylor ◽  
Julie M Hughes ◽  
Elsa S Strotmeyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Osteoporotic Fractures ◽  
Older Men

scholarly journals Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplementation Combined with Exercise Training on Glycemic Control and Bone Health in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomin Sun ◽  
Sirui Zhou ◽  
Mengyue Dong ◽  
Wenjuan Xiao ◽  
Xin He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Mass Content

Abstract Aims This study aimed to examine the effect of a 12-week vitamin D supplementation and exercise training alone and in combination on glycemic control and bone health in Chinese type 2 diabetes patients.MethodsSixty-one type 2 diabetes patients (age, 33–65 years; 72.0% men) with non-insulin dependence were randomized into the 12-week vitamin D group (1000 IU/day), exercise group (60%–80% of maximal heart rate, 1 h/time, 2–3 times/week), vitamin D combined with exercise group, and control group. A 75-g oral glucose tolerance test was used to estimate glycemic control. Dual X-ray absorptiometry was used to examine bone health (bone mass content and bone mass density) and body fat percentage (%).Results During the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, lower glucose and higher insulin levels were found in the vitamin D combined with exercise group, vitamin D group, and exercise group after intervention than before intervention, although the differences were not statistically significant. A significant exercise and vitamin D interaction for the insulinogenic index (P = 0.032) and a borderline interaction for the glucose disposition index (P = 0.051) were observed, while no further independent effect was observed. Compared with non-vitamin D supplementation, vitamin D supplementation significantly alleviated the loss of total bone mass content (95% CI: -29.9–19.4 vs. -74.9–-24.7), trunk bone mass content (95% CI: -24.1–19.5 vs. -56.1–-11.7), and spine bone mass density (95% CI: -0.03–0.03 vs. -0.07–-0.01).ConclusionsThe findings suggest that 12-week combined vitamin D and exercise intervention has a potentially positive effect on glycemic control, and vitamin D supplementation plays an important role in the prevention of bone loss, which was identified in the exercise alone group. Further studies are needed to elucidate the long-term effect of combined vitamin D and exercise intervention in type 2 diabetes patients.The study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial System (No. ChiCTR1800015383).

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