scholarly journals Trajectory of Excess Medical Expenditures 10 Years Before and After Diabetes Diagnosis Among U.S. Adults Aged 25–64 Years, 2001–2013

Diabetes Care ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sundar S. Shrestha ◽  
Ping Zhang ◽  
Israel A. Hora ◽  
Edward W. Gregg
Keyword(s):  
Medical Expenditures ◽  
Diabetes Diagnosis ◽  
Before And After

scholarly journals Work Disability Before and After Diabetes Diagnosis: A Nationwide Population-Based Register Study in Sweden

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. e22-e29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenni Ervasti ◽  
Marianna Virtanen ◽  
Jaana Pentti ◽  
Tea Lallukka ◽  
Petter Tinghög ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Work Disability ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Register Study ◽  
Diabetes Diagnosis ◽  
Before And After

scholarly journals Morbilidade Neonatal na Diabetes Gestacional: Coincidência ou Consequência do Consenso de 2011

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 589
Author(s):  
Gabriela Mimoso ◽  
Guiomar Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Diabetes Diagnosis ◽  
Perinatal Complications ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
New Guidelines ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Gestational diabetes is one of the diseases associated with pregnancy with higher rate of complications. Despite being a transitory condition, short and long term complications related to gestational diabetes have been described. There is scientific evidence to say that good metabolic control decreases perinatal complications. In 2011, new criteria was proposed for its diagnosis, which made possible its diagnosis during the 1st trimester of pregnancy. The aim of this study is to compare neonatal morbidity in two groups of women with gestational diabetes diagnosis before and after the latest Portuguese guidelines for diabetes and pregnancy were published (February 2011).Material and Methods: We included all newborns born in Maternidade Bissaya Barreto whose mother, followed at our maternity between 2008 and 2013, had unifetal pregnancy complicated by diabetes. We used a perinatal database and analysed the impact of the new guidelines in perinatal morbidity over two periods of three years.Results: There were 774 women who met the inclusion criteria. We found that gestational diabetes was diagnosed earlier, insulin therapy was more frequent. Neonatal morbidity was increased, and there were more cases of neonatal hypoglycemia and congenital anomalies, and newborns became smaller for gestational age.Discussion: The increase in neonatal morbidity was associated with early diagnosis and rigorous metabolic control.Conclusion: To analyse national data will be fundamental to understand this unexpected increase in morbidity.

Use of contraception before and after a diabetes diagnosis: An observational matched cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara E. Murray Horwitz ◽  
Lydia E. Pace ◽  
Eleanor Bimla Schwarz ◽  
Dennis Ross-Degnan
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Diabetes Diagnosis ◽  
Matched Cohort ◽  
Matched Cohort Study ◽  
Before And After

scholarly journals C-Peptide Levels in Subjects Followed Longitudinally Before and After Type 1 Diabetes Diagnosis in TrialNet

Diabetes Care ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 1836-1842
Author(s):  
Magdalena M. Bogun ◽  
Brian N. Bundy ◽  
Robin S. Goland ◽  
Carla J. Greenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetes Diagnosis ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Before And After

scholarly journals Clean air actions in China, PM2.5 exposure, and household medical expenditures: A quasi-experimental study

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. e1003480
Author(s):  
Tao Xue ◽  
Tong Zhu ◽  
Wei Peng ◽  
Tianjia Guan ◽  
Shiqiu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Medical Expenditures ◽  
Medical Expenditure ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Mixed Effect Models ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Clean Air

Background Exposure to air pollution, a leading contributor to the global burden of disease, can cause economic losses. Driven by clean air policies, the air quality in China, one of the most polluted countries, has improved rapidly since 2013. This has enabled a unique, quasi-experiment to assess the economic impact of air pollution empirically. Methods and findings Using a series of nation-scale longitudinal surveys in 2011, 2013, and 2015, we first examined the questionnaire-based medical expenditure changes before and after the policy intervention for air pollution. Using a state-of-the-art estimator of the historical concentration of particulate matters with diameter less than 2.5 μm (particulate matter (PM)2.5), we further quantified the association between household medical expenditure and PM2.5 using mixed-effect models of the repeated measurements from 26,511 households in 126 cities. Regression models suggest a robust linear association between reduced PM2.5 and saved medical expenditures, since the association did not vary significantly across models with different covariate adjustments, subregions, or subpopulations. Each 10 μg/m3 reduction in PM2.5 was associated with a saving of 251.6 (95% CI: 30.8, 472.3; p-value = 0.026) Yuan in per capita annual medical expenditure. However, due to limitations in data quality (e.g., self-reported expenditures), and imperfect control for unmeasured confounders or impact from concurrent healthcare reform in China, the causality underlying our findings should be further confirmed or refuted. Conclusion In this study, we observed that compared with the PM2.5 reduction in 2013, the PM2.5 reduction in 2017 was associated with a saving of 552 (95% CI: 68, 1036) Yuan / (person × year), or approximately 736 billion Yuan (equivalent to 111 billion US dollar) per year nationally, which is equivalent to approximately 1% of the national gross domestic product of China.

Deformation Replication

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 280-281
Author(s):  
J. Temple Black
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Rake Face ◽  
Orthogonal Machining ◽  
Aluminum Chips ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Glass Knife ◽  
Very High

Tool materials used in ultramicrotomy are glass, developed by Latta and Hartmann (1) and diamond, introduced by Fernandez-Moran (2). While diamonds produce more good sections per knife edge than glass, they are expensive; require careful mounting and handling; and are time consuming to clean before and after usage, purchase from vendors (3-6 months waiting time), and regrind. Glass offers an easily accessible, inexpensive material ($0.04 per knife) with very high compressive strength (3) that can be employed in microtomy of metals (4) as well as biological materials. When the orthogonal machining process is being studied, glass offers additional advantages. Sections of metal or plastic can be dried down on the rake face, coated with Au-Pd, and examined directly in the SEM with no additional handling (5). Figure 1 shows aluminum chips microtomed with a 75° glass knife at a cutting speed of 1 mm/sec with a depth of cut of 1000 Å lying on the rake face of the knife.

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