scholarly journals Low-grade Inflammatory Marker Profile May Help to Differentiate Patients With LADA, Classic Adult-Onset Type 1 Diabetes, and Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes Care ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 862-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmeralda Castelblanco ◽  
Marta Hernández ◽  
Andrea Castelblanco ◽  
Mònica Gratacòs ◽  
Aureli Esquerda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Adult Onset ◽  
Onset Type ◽  
Marker Profile

Young adult onset type 2 diabetes versus type 1 diabetes: Progression to and survival on renal replacement therapy

2021 ◽  
pp. 108023
Author(s):  
Timothy L. Middleton ◽  
Steven Chadban ◽  
Lynda Molyneaux ◽  
Mario D'Souza ◽  
Maria I. Constantino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Renal Replacement Therapy ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Adult Onset ◽  
Onset Type ◽  
Diabetes Progression

Type 1 Diabetes-related Autoantibodies in Different Forms of Diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elin Pettersen Sørgjerd
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Adult Onset ◽  
Latent Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Childhood Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Childhood Type

Autoantibodies against Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GADA), insulinoma antigen-2 (IA- 2A), insulin (IAA) and the most recently Zinc Transporter 8 (ZnT8A) are one of the most reliable biomarkers for autoimmune diabetes in both children and adults. They are today the only biomarkers that can distinguish Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) from phenotypically type 2 diabetes. As the frequency of autoantibodies at diagnosis in childhood type 1 diabetes depends on age, GADA is by far the most common in adult onset autoimmune diabetes, especially LADA. Being multiple autoantibody positive have also shown to be more common in childhood diabetes compared to adult onset diabetes, and multiple autoantibody positivity have a high predictive value of childhood type 1 diabetes. Autoantibodies have shown inconsistent results to predict diabetes in adults. Levels of autoantibodies are reported to cause heterogeneity in LADA. Reports indicate that individuals with high levels of autoantibodies have a more type 1 diabetes like phenotype and individuals with low levels of autoantibody positivity have a more type 2 diabetes like phenotype. It is also well known that autoantibody levels can fluctuate and transient autoantibody positivity in adult onset autoimmune diabetes have been reported to affect the phenotype.

scholarly journals Standard mortality rates and years of life lost for serologically defined adult-onset type 1 and type 2 diabetes – A fifteen year follow-up

2020 ◽  
Vol 160 ◽  
pp. 107943
Author(s):  
Maria Thunander ◽  
Anna Lindgren ◽  
Christer Petersson ◽  
Mona Landin-Olsson ◽  
Sara Holmberg
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Adult Onset ◽  
Onset Type

scholarly journals Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Misdiagnosed as Type 1 Diabetes in a 15-Year-Old Nigerian Girl: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 09 (04) ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
Adeyemi Michael Olamoyegun ◽  
Oluwabukola Ayodele Ala ◽  
Olayinka Olomooba Saliu
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Onset Type

scholarly journals Improving clinical utility of GAD65 autoantibodies by electrochemiluminescence assay and clinical phenotype when identifying autoimmune adult-onset diabetes

Diabetologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Gu ◽  
Xiaofan Jia ◽  
Tanwi Vartak ◽  
Dongmei Miao ◽  
Fran Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Insulin Treatment ◽  
Clinical Phenotype ◽  
Adult Onset ◽  
Onset Diabetes ◽  
Adult Onset Diabetes

Abstract Aims/hypothesis It is important to differentiate the two major phenotypes of adult-onset diabetes, autoimmune type 1 diabetes and non-autoimmune type 2 diabetes, especially as type 1 diabetes presents in adulthood. Serum GAD65 autoantibodies (GADA) are the most sensitive biomarker for adult-onset autoimmune type 1 diabetes, but the clinical value of GADA by current standard radiobinding assays (RBA) remains questionable. The present study focused on the clinical utility of GADA differentiated by a new electrochemiluminescence (ECL) assay in patients with adult-onset diabetes. Methods Two cohorts were analysed including 771 diabetic participants, 30–70 years old, from the Action LADA study (n = 6156), and 2063 diabetic participants, 20–45 years old, from the Diabetes in Young Adults (DiYA) study. Clinical characteristics of participants, including requirement of early insulin treatment, BMI and development of multiple islet autoantibodies, were analysed according to the status of RBA-GADA and ECL-GADA, respectively, and compared between these two assays. Results GADA was the most prevalent and predominant autoantibody, >90% in both cohorts. GADA positivity by either RBA or ECL assay significantly discriminated clinical type 1 from type 2 diabetes. However, in both cohorts, participants with ECL-GADA positivity were more likely to require early insulin treatment, have multiple islet autoantibodies, and be less overweight (for all p < 0.0001). However, clinical phenotype, age at diagnosis and BMI independently improved positive predictive value (PPV) for the requirement of insulin treatment, even augmenting ECL-GADA. Participants with GADA detectable by RBA, but not confirmed by ECL, had a phenotype more similar to type 2 diabetes. These RBA-GADA positive individuals had lower affinity GADA compared with participants in which GADA was confirmed by ECL assay. Conclusions/interpretation Detection of GADA by ECL assay, given technical advantages over RBA-GADA, identified adult-onset diabetes patients at higher risk of requiring early insulin treatment, as did clinical phenotype, together allowing for more accurate clinical diagnosis and management. Graphical abstract

1888-P: Impaired Insulin Clearance Relates to Increased Liver Fat Content in Recent-Onset Type 2 Diabetes and to Impaired Glucose Control in Recent-Onset Type 1 Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1888-P
Author(s):  
SOFIA ANTONIOU ◽  
OANA P. ZAHARIA ◽  
KLAUS STRASSBURGER ◽  
YANISLAVA KARUSHEVA ◽  
KALMAN BODIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Control ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Liver Fat Content ◽  
Recent Onset ◽  
Onset Type ◽  
Impaired Insulin

scholarly journals Association of cardiac autonomic dysfunction with higher levels of plasma lipid metabolites in recent-onset type 2 diabetes

Diabetologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Ziegler ◽  
◽  
Alexander Strom ◽  
Klaus Straßburger ◽  
Birgit Knebel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Recent Onset ◽  
Onset Type ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Dysfunction ◽  
Lipid Metabolites

Abstract Aims/hypothesis Emerging evidence suggests that in addition to hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia could represent a contributing pathogenetic factor to diabetic neuropathy, while obesity and insulin resistance play a role in the development of diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) characterised by reduced heart rate variability (HRV), particularly in type 2 diabetes. We hypothesised that distinct lipid metabolites are associated with diminished HRV in recent-onset type 2 diabetes rather than type 1 diabetes. Methods We analysed 127 plasma lipid metabolites (11 acylcarnitines, 39 NEFA, 12 sphingomyelins (SMs), 56 phosphatidylcholines and nine lysophosphatidylcholines) using MS in participants from the German Diabetes Study baseline cohort recently diagnosed with type 1 (n = 100) and type 2 diabetes (n = 206). Four time-domain HRV indices (number of normal-to-normal (NN) intervals >50 ms divided by the number of all NN intervals [pNN50]; root mean square of successive differences [RMSSD]; SD of NN intervals [SDNN]; and SD of differences between adjacent NN intervals) and three frequency-domain HRV indices (very-low-frequency [VLF], low-frequency [LF] and high-frequency [HF] power spectrum) were computed from NN intervals recorded during a 3 h hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic clamp at baseline and in subsets of participants with type 1 (n = 60) and type 2 diabetes (n = 95) after 5 years. Results In participants with type 2 diabetes, after Bonferroni correction and rigorous adjustment, SDNN was inversely associated with higher levels of diacyl-phosphatidylcholine (PCaa) C32:0, PCaa C34:1, acyl-alkyl-phosphatidylcholine (PCae) C36:0, SM C16:0 and SM C16:1. SD of differences between NN intervals was inversely associated with PCaa C32:0, PCaa C34:1, PCaa C34:2, PCae C36:0 and SM C16:1, and RMSSD with PCae C36:0. For VLF power, inverse associations were found with PCaa C30:0, PCaa C32:0, PCaa C32:1, PCaa C34:2 and SM C16:1, and for LF power inverse associations were found with PCaa C32:0 and SM C16:1 (r = −0.242 to r = −0.349; p ≤ 0.0005 for all correlations). In contrast, no associations of lipid metabolites with measures of cardiac autonomic function were noted in participants recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. After 5 years, HRV declined due to ageing rather than diabetes, whereby prediction analyses for lipid metabolites were hampered. Conclusions/interpretation Higher plasma levels of specific lipid metabolites are closely linked to cardiac autonomic dysfunction in recent-onset type 2 diabetes but not type 1 diabetes, suggesting a role for perturbed lipid metabolism in the early development of CAN in type 2 diabetes.

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