scholarly journals Increased Skeletal Muscle Capillarization After Aerobic Exercise Training and Weight Loss Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Adults With IGT

Diabetes Care ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 1469-1475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Prior ◽  
Jacob B. Blumenthal ◽  
Leslie I. Katzel ◽  
Andrew P. Goldberg ◽  
Alice S. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training

scholarly journals Pathways in Skeletal Muscle: Protein Signaling and Insulin Sensitivity after Exercise Training and Weight Loss Interventions in Middle-Aged and Older Adults

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 3490
Author(s):  
Alice S. Ryan ◽  
Guoyan Li ◽  
Shawna McMillin ◽  
Steven J. Prior ◽  
Jacob B. Blumenthal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Protein Signaling ◽  
Insulin Stimulation ◽  
Gsk 3Β

Aging and obesity contribute to insulin resistance with skeletal muscle being critically important for maintaining whole-body glucose homeostasis. Both exercise and weight loss are lifestyle interventions that can affect glucose metabolism. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a six-month trial of aerobic exercise training or weight loss on signaling pathways in skeletal muscle in the basal condition and during hyperinsulinemia during a glucose clamp in middle-aged and older adults. Overweight and obese men and women aged 50–70 years were randomly allocated and completed six months of either weight loss (WL) (n = 18) or 3x/week aerobic exercise training (AEX) (n = 17). WL resulted in 10% weight loss and AEX increased maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) (both p < 0.001). Insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic 80 mU·m−2·min−1 clamp) increased in WL and AEX (both p < 0.01). In vivo insulin stimulation increased phosphorylation/total protein ratio (P/T) of protein kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-β3), 70 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6k), insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), and insulin receptor (IR) expression (all p < 0.05) but not P/T extracellular regulated kinase ½ (ERK1/2), c-jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38), or insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R). There were differences between WL and AEX in the change in basal Akt P/T (p = 0.05), GSK-3β P/T ratio (p < 0.01), p70S6k (p < 0.001), ERK1/2 (p = 0.01) P/T ratio but not p38, JNK, IRS-1, and IGF-1R P/T ratios. There was a difference between WL and AEX in the insulin stimulation changes in GSK3 which increased more after WL than AEX (p < 0.05). In the total group, changes in M were associated with changes in basal total GSK-3β and basal total p70Sk as well as insulin stimulation of total p70Sk. Protein signaling in skeletal muscle provides insight as to mechanisms for improvements in insulin sensitivity in aging and obesity.

scholarly journals Aerobic exercise training conserves insulin sensitivity for 1 yr following weight loss in overweight women

2012 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 688-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Fisher ◽  
Gary R. Hunter ◽  
Barbara A. Gower
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Group Time

The objectives of this study were to 1) identify the independent effects of exercise (aerobic or resistance training) and weight loss on whole body insulin sensitivity and 2) determine if aerobic or resistance training would be more successful for maintaining improved whole body insulin sensitivity 1 yr following weight loss. Subjects were 97 healthy, premenopausal women, body mass index (BMI) 27–30 kg/m2. Following randomized assignment to one of three groups, diet only, diet + aerobic, or diet + resistance training until a BMI <25 kg/m2 was achieved, body composition, fat distribution, and whole body insulin sensitivity were determined at baseline, in the weight reduced state, and at 1-yr follow up. The whole body insulin sensitivity index (SI) was determined using a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test. Results of repeated-measures ANOVA indicated a significant improvement in SI following weight loss. However, there were no group or group×time interactions. At 1-yr follow up, there were no significant time or group interactions for SI; however, there was a significant group×time interaction for SI. Post hoc analysis revealed that women in the aerobic training group showed a significant increased SI from weight reduced to 1-yr follow up ( P < 0.05), which was independent of intra-abdominal adipose tissue and %fat. No significant differences in SI from weight reduced to 1-yr follow up were observed for diet only or diet + resistance groups. Additionally, multiple linear regression analysis revealed that change in whole body insulin sensitivity from baseline to 1-yr follow up was independently associated with the change in V̇o2max from baseline to 1-yr follow up ( P < 0.05). These results suggest that long-term aerobic exercise training may conserve improvements in SI following weight loss and that maintaining cardiovascular fitness following weight loss may be important for maintaining improvements in SI.

scholarly journals Molecular Adaptations to Aerobic Exercise Training in Skeletal Muscle of Older Women

2010 ◽  
Vol 65A (11) ◽  
pp. 1201-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Konopka ◽  
M. D. Douglass ◽  
L. A. Kaminsky ◽  
B. Jemiolo ◽  
T. A. Trappe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training

The responsiveness of skeletal muscle mRNAs to aerobic exercise training is not blunted in COPD

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorna Latimer ◽  
Despina Constantin ◽  
Bhavesh Popat ◽  
Linzy Houchen-Wolloff ◽  
Dumitru Constantin-Teodosiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training

Aerobic Exercise Training Prevents Obesity and Insulin Resistance Independent of Changes in the Skeletal Muscle ACE2/Ang 1‐7/Mas Axis.

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Fabiana S. Evangelista ◽  
Bruno Vecchiatto ◽  
Anna Laura V. Américo ◽  
Luiz Felipe Martucci ◽  
Marilia M. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training

DIET BUT NOT AEROBIC EXERCISE TRAINING REDUCES SKELETAL MUSCLE TNF-ALPHA.

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (Suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. S48
Author(s):  
Bronwyn Kingwell ◽  
K. E. Ferrier ◽  
P. Nestel ◽  
A. Taylor ◽  
B. G. Drew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Tnf Alpha

Aerobic exercise training improves skeletal muscle function and Ca2+ handling-related protein expression in sympathetic hyperactivity-induced heart failure

2010 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 702-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Bueno ◽  
J. C. B. Ferreira ◽  
M. G. Pereira ◽  
A. V. N. Bacurau ◽  
P. C. Brum
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Exercise Tolerance ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Function ◽  
Related Proteins

The cellular mechanisms of positive effects associated with aerobic exercise training on overall intrinsic skeletal muscle changes in heart failure (HF) remain unclear. We investigated potential Ca2+ abnormalities in skeletal muscles comprising different fiber compositions and investigated whether aerobic exercise training would improve muscle function in a genetic model of sympathetic hyperactivity-induced HF. A cohort of male 5-mo-old wild-type (WT) and congenic α2A/α2C adrenoceptor knockout (ARKO) mice in a C57BL/6J genetic background were randomly assigned into untrained and trained groups. Exercise training consisted of a 8-wk running session of 60 min, 5 days/wk (from 5 to 7 mo of age). After completion of the exercise training protocol, exercise tolerance was determined by graded treadmill exercise test, muscle function test by Rotarod, ambulation and resistance to inclination tests, cardiac function by echocardiography, and Ca2+ handling-related protein expression by Western blot. α2A/α2CARKO mice displayed decreased ventricular function, exercise intolerance, and muscle weakness paralleled by decreased expression of sarcoplasmic Ca2+ release-related proteins [α1-, α2-, and β1-subunits of dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR) and ryanodine receptor (RyR)] and Ca2+ reuptake-related proteins [sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA)1/2 and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX)] in soleus and plantaris. Aerobic exercise training significantly improved exercise tolerance and muscle function and reestablished the expression of proteins involved in sarcoplasmic Ca2+ handling toward WT levels. We provide evidence that Ca2+ handling-related protein expression is decreased in this HF model and that exercise training improves skeletal muscle function associated with changes in the net balance of skeletal muscle Ca2+ handling proteins.

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