56-OR: Degree of ß-Cell Function (ßCF) Impairment and Glycemic Alterations in Obese Youth (OY) Spanning from Normal Glucose Tolerance (NGT) to Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) to Type 2 Diabetes (T2D): Does Race Matter?

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 56-OR
Author(s):  
JOON YOUNG KIM ◽  
HALA M. TFAYLI ◽  
FIDA BACHA ◽  
NOUR GEBARA ◽  
SILVA A. ARSLANIAN
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Obese Youth ◽  
Normal Glucose

Liraglutide Therapy in a Prediabetic State: Rethinking the Evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 699-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios S. Papaetis
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Prediabetic State ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Normal Glucose

Background: Prediabetes is defined as a state of glucose metabolism between normal glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes. Continuous β-cell failure and death are the reasons for the evolution from normal glucose tolerance to prediabetes and finally type 2 diabetes. Introduction: The necessity of new therapeutic approaches in order to prevent or delay the development of type 2 diabetes is obligatory. Liraglutide, a long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist, has 97% homology for native GLP-1. Identification of the trophic and antiapoptotic properties of liraglutide in preclinical studies, together with evidence of sustained β-cell function longevity during its administration in type 2 diabetes individuals, indicated its earliest possible administration during this disease, or even before its development, so as to postpone or delay its onset. Methods: Pubmed and Google databases have been thoroughly searched and relevant studies were selected. Results: This paper explores the current evidence of liraglutide administration both in humans and animal models with prediabetes. Also, it investigates the safety profile of liraglutide treatment and its future role to postpone or delay the evolution of type 2 diabetes. Conclusion: Liralgutide remains a valuable tool in our therapeutic armamentarium for individuals who are overweight or obese and have prediabetes. Future well designed studies will give valuable information that will help clinicians to stratify individuals who will derive the most benefit from this agent, achieving targeted therapeutic strategies.

Acute and long-term effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass on glucose metabolism in subjects with Type 2 diabetes and normal glucose tolerance

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (1) ◽  
pp. E122-E131 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. B. Jørgensen ◽  
S. H. Jacobsen ◽  
C. Dirksen ◽  
K. N. Bojsen-Møller ◽  
L. Naver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Liquid Meal ◽  
Normal Glucose

Our aim was to study the potential mechanisms responsible for the improvement in glucose control in Type 2 diabetes (T2D) within days after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Thirteen obese subjects with T2D and twelve matched subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) were examined during a liquid meal before (Pre), 1 wk, 3 mo, and 1 yr after RYGB. Glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent-insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), and glucagon concentrations were measured. Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), β-cell glucose sensitivity (β-GS), and disposition index (Dβ-GS: β-GS × 1/HOMA-IR) were calculated. Within the first week after RYGB, fasting glucose [T2D Pre: 8.8 ± 2.3, 1 wk: 7.0 ± 1.2 ( P < 0.001)], and insulin concentrations decreased significantly in both groups. At 129 min, glucose concentrations decreased in T2D [Pre: 11.4 ± 3, 1 wk: 8.2 ± 2 ( P = 0.003)] but not in NGT. HOMA-IR decreased by 50% in both groups. β-GS increased in T2D [Pre: 1.03 ± 0.49, 1 wk: 1.70 ± 1.2, ( P = 0.012)] but did not change in NGT. The increase in DIβ-GS was 3-fold in T2D and 1.5-fold in NGT. After RYGB, glucagon secretion was increased in response to the meal. GIP secretion was unchanged, while GLP-1 secretion increased more than 10-fold in both groups. The changes induced by RYGB were sustained or further enhanced 3 mo and 1 yr after surgery. Improvement in glycemic control in T2D after RYGB occurs within days after surgery and is associated with increased insulin sensitivity and improved β-cell function, the latter of which may be explained by dramatic increases in GLP-1 secretion.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document