scholarly journals Effects of Gastric Bypass Surgery on the Brain; Simultaneous Assessment of Glucose Uptake, Blood Flow, Neural Activity and Cognitive Function during Normo- and Hypoglycemia

Diabetes ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. db201172
Author(s):  
Kristina E. Almby ◽  
Martin H. Lundqvist ◽  
Niclas Abrahamsson ◽  
Sofia Kvernby ◽  
Markus Fahlström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Gastric Bypass Surgery ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Simultaneous Assessment

scholarly journals Effects of Gastric Bypass Surgery on the Brain; Simultaneous Assessment of Glucose Uptake, Blood Flow, Neural Activity and Cognitive Function during Normo- and Hypoglycemia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina E. Almby ◽  
Martin H. Lundqvist ◽  
Niclas Abrahamsson ◽  
Sofia Kvernby ◽  
Markus Fahlström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Counterregulatory Hormones ◽  
Fdg Uptake ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Total Brain ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Brain

While Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) surgery in obese individuals typically improves glycemic control and prevents diabetes, it also frequently causes hypoglycemia. Previous work showed attenuated counter-regulatory responses following RYGB. The underlying mechanisms as well as the clinical consequences are unclear. <p>In this study, 11 non-diabetic subjects with severe obesity were investigated pre- and post-RYGB during hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic clamps. Assessments were made of hormones, cognitive function, cerebral blood flow by arterial spin labeling, brain glucose metabolism by FDG PET and activation of brain networks by functional MRI. Post- vs pre-surgery, we found a general increase of cerebral blood flow but a decrease of total brain FDG uptake during normoglycemia. During hypoglycemia, there was a marked increase in total brain FDG uptake and this was similar for post- and pre-surgery, whereas hypothalamic FDG uptake was reduced. During hypoglycemia, attenuated responses of counterregulatory hormones and improvements in cognitive function were seen post-surgery. In early hypoglycemia, there was increased activation post- vs pre-surgery of neural networks in CNS regions implicated in glucose regulation such as the thalamus and hypothalamus. The results suggest adaptive responses of the brain that contribute to lowering of glycemia following RYGB, and the underlying mechanisms should be further elucidated.</p>

Effects of Gastric Bypass Surgery on the Brain; Simultaneous Assessment of Glucose Uptake, Blood Flow, Neural Activity and Cognitive Function during Normo- and Hypoglycemia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina E. Almby ◽  
Martin H. Lundqvist ◽  
Niclas Abrahamsson ◽  
Sofia Kvernby ◽  
Markus Fahlström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Counterregulatory Hormones ◽  
Fdg Uptake ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Total Brain ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Brain

While Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) surgery in obese individuals typically improves glycemic control and prevents diabetes, it also frequently causes hypoglycemia. Previous work showed attenuated counter-regulatory responses following RYGB. The underlying mechanisms as well as the clinical consequences are unclear. <p>In this study, 11 non-diabetic subjects with severe obesity were investigated pre- and post-RYGB during hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic clamps. Assessments were made of hormones, cognitive function, cerebral blood flow by arterial spin labeling, brain glucose metabolism by FDG PET and activation of brain networks by functional MRI. Post- vs pre-surgery, we found a general increase of cerebral blood flow but a decrease of total brain FDG uptake during normoglycemia. During hypoglycemia, there was a marked increase in total brain FDG uptake and this was similar for post- and pre-surgery, whereas hypothalamic FDG uptake was reduced. During hypoglycemia, attenuated responses of counterregulatory hormones and improvements in cognitive function were seen post-surgery. In early hypoglycemia, there was increased activation post- vs pre-surgery of neural networks in CNS regions implicated in glucose regulation such as the thalamus and hypothalamus. The results suggest adaptive responses of the brain that contribute to lowering of glycemia following RYGB, and the underlying mechanisms should be further elucidated.</p>

scholarly journals Effects of Peripheral Neurotensin on Appetite Regulation and Its Role in Gastric Bypass Surgery

Endocrinology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 157 (9) ◽  
pp. 3482-3492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Ratner ◽  
Louise J. Skov ◽  
Zindy Raida ◽  
Thomas Bächler ◽  
Kathrin Bellmann-Sickert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Area Postrema ◽  
Gastric Bypass Surgery ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Anorexigenic Effect ◽  
The Brain

Neurotensin (NT) is a peptide expressed in the brain and in the gastrointestinal tract. Brain NT inhibits food intake, but the effects of peripheral NT are less investigated. In this study, peripheral NT decreased food intake in both mice and rats, which was abolished by a NT antagonist. Using c-Fos immunohistochemistry, we found that peripheral NT activated brainstem and hypothalamic regions. The anorexigenic effect of NT was preserved in vagotomized mice but lasted shorter than in sham-operated mice. This in combination with a strong increase in c-Fos activation in area postrema after ip administration indicates that NT acts both through the blood circulation and the vagus. To improve the pharmacokinetics of NT, we developed a pegylated NT peptide, which presumably prolonged the half-life, and thus, the effect on feeding was extended compared with native NT. On a molecular level, the pegylated NT peptide increased proopiomelanocortin mRNA in the arcuate nucleus. We also investigated the importance of NT for the decreased food intake after gastric bypass surgery in a rat model of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). NT was increased in plasma and in the gastrointestinal tract in RYGB rats, and pharmacological antagonism of NT increased food intake transiently in RYGB rats. Taken together, our data suggest that NT is a metabolically active hormone, which contributes to the regulation of food intake.

scholarly journals Effects of Gastric Bypass Surgery on the Brain; Simultaneous Assessment of Glucose Uptake, Blood Flow, Neural Activity and Cognitive Function during Normo- and Hypoglycemia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina E. Almby ◽  
Martin H. Lundqvist ◽  
Niclas Abrahamsson ◽  
Sofia Kvernby ◽  
Markus Fahlström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Counterregulatory Hormones ◽  
Fdg Uptake ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Total Brain ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Brain

While Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) surgery in obese individuals typically improves glycemic control and prevents diabetes, it also frequently causes hypoglycemia. Previous work showed attenuated counter-regulatory responses following RYGB. The underlying mechanisms as well as the clinical consequences are unclear. <p>In this study, 11 non-diabetic subjects with severe obesity were investigated pre- and post-RYGB during hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic clamps. Assessments were made of hormones, cognitive function, cerebral blood flow by arterial spin labeling, brain glucose metabolism by FDG PET and activation of brain networks by functional MRI. Post- vs pre-surgery, we found a general increase of cerebral blood flow but a decrease of total brain FDG uptake during normoglycemia. During hypoglycemia, there was a marked increase in total brain FDG uptake and this was similar for post- and pre-surgery, whereas hypothalamic FDG uptake was reduced. During hypoglycemia, attenuated responses of counterregulatory hormones and improvements in cognitive function were seen post-surgery. In early hypoglycemia, there was increased activation post- vs pre-surgery of neural networks in CNS regions implicated in glucose regulation such as the thalamus and hypothalamus. The results suggest adaptive responses of the brain that contribute to lowering of glycemia following RYGB, and the underlying mechanisms should be further elucidated.</p>

Abstract #607: Gastric Bypass Surgery is Associated with A Reduction in Vasoconstrictive Mediators

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 124-125
Author(s):  
Paresh Dandona ◽  
Husam Ghanim ◽  
Scott Monte ◽  
Joseph Caruana ◽  
Mayuri Mudgal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Gastric Bypass Surgery
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