Glucagon Resistance at the Level of Amino Acid Turnover and Ureagenesis in Obese Subjects with Hepatic Steatosis

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 147-OR ◽  
Author(s):  
MALTE P. SUPPLI ◽  
JONATAN I. BAGGER ◽  
ASGER B. LUND ◽  
NICOLAI J. WEWER ALBRECHTSEN ◽  
JENS J. HOLST ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Amino Acid Turnover ◽  
Obese Subjects

scholarly journals Glucagon Resistance at the Level of Amino Acid Turnover in Obese Subjects With Hepatic Steatosis

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1090-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malte P. Suppli ◽  
Jonatan I. Bagger ◽  
Asger Lund ◽  
Mia Demant ◽  
Gerrit van Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Amino Acid Turnover ◽  
Obese Subjects

scholarly journals The Liver–α-Cell Axis and Type 2 Diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1353-1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolai J Wewer Albrechtsen ◽  
Jens Pedersen ◽  
Katrine D Galsgaard ◽  
Marie Winther-Sørensen ◽  
Malte P Suppli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Amino Acid Turnover

Abstract Both type 2 diabetes (T2D) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) strongly associate with increasing body mass index, and together these metabolic diseases affect millions of individuals. In patients with T2D, increased secretion of glucagon (hyperglucagonemia) contributes to diabetic hyperglycemia as proven by the significant lowering of fasting plasma glucose levels following glucagon receptor antagonist administration. Emerging data now indicate that the elevated plasma concentrations of glucagon may also be associated with hepatic steatosis and not necessarily with the presence or absence of T2D. Thus, fatty liver disease, most often secondary to overeating, may result in impaired amino acid turnover, leading to increased plasma concentrations of certain glucagonotropic amino acids (e.g., alanine). This, in turn, causes increased glucagon secretion that may help to restore amino acid turnover and ureagenesis, but it may eventually also lead to increased hepatic glucose production, a hallmark of T2D. Early experimental findings support the hypothesis that hepatic steatosis impairs glucagon’s actions on amino acid turnover and ureagenesis. Hepatic steatosis also impairs hepatic insulin sensitivity and clearance that, together with hyperglycemia and hyperaminoacidemia, lead to peripheral hyperinsulinemia; systemic hyperinsulinemia may itself contribute to worsen peripheral insulin resistance. Additionally, obesity is accompanied by an impaired incretin effect, causing meal-related glucose intolerance. Lipid-induced impairment of hepatic sensitivity, not only to insulin but potentially also to glucagon, resulting in both hyperinsulinemia and hyperglucagonemia, may therefore contribute to the development of T2D at least in a subset of individuals with NAFLD.

scholarly journals Free-amino acid metabolic profiling of visceral adipose tissue from obese subjects

Amino Acids ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1125-1137
Author(s):  
M. C. Piro ◽  
M. Tesauro ◽  
A. M. Lena ◽  
P. Gentileschi ◽  
G. Sica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Profiling ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Visceral Adipose

scholarly journals PROTEIN SYNTHESIS AND AMINO ACID TURNOVER IN TISSUE CULTURE

1952 ◽  
Vol 196 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.W. Gerarde ◽  
Marion. Jones ◽  
Theodore. Winnick
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Turnover

Transcription and Translation of the Sex Message in the Smut Fungus Ustilago Violacea

1974 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-62
Author(s):  
J. E. CUMMINS ◽  
A. W. DAY
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dna Replication ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Cellular Protein ◽  
Mating Activity ◽  
Ustilago Violacea ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Amino Acid Turnover ◽  
Mating Conditions

In Ustilago violacea conjugation involves a period of courtship followed by the cooperative assembly of a conjugation tube between paired sporidia of opposite mating type. During courtship information is exchanged between the paired sporidia directing transcription and translation of a ‘sex message’. This information exchange is completed even though the plasma membranes and walls of the mating sporidia remain intact until after the sex message has been translated. Once translation is completed the copulatory organelle is assembled. Inhibitor studies show that translation of specific mRNA species (sex message) is essential during the 3-4 h period of courtship prior to assembly and that transcription of this sex message is completed 15-30 min prior to the completion of translation. Amino acid incorporation studies show that even though the cellular protein levels remain constant during courtship there is extensive amino acid turnover as the sporidia adjust to mating conditions. However, an enhancement of amino acid turnover by mating, in contrast to unmixed sporidia, is not detectable. Prototrophic strains continue to synthesize stable RNA during courtship while amino acid auxotrophs discontinue stable RNA synthesis immediately on transfer to mating conditions. Both prototrophs and auxotrophs show extensive RNA turnover during courtship but a specific enhancement of turnover due to mating activity is not detectable from the labelling pattern alone. A round of DNA replication may be completed during courtship but mating activity does not influence the gross pattern of DNA replication in either of the mating types.

Amino Acid Turnover as a Biomarker of Embryo Viability

2012 ◽  
pp. 431-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Leary ◽  
Danielle G. Smith ◽  
Henry J. Leese ◽  
Roger G. Sturmey
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Embryo Viability ◽  
Amino Acid Turnover
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