Empagliflozin, via Switching Metabolism Toward Lipid Utilization, Moderately Increases LDL Cholesterol Levels Through Reduced LDL Catabolism

Background: The findings of trials investigating the effects of L-carnitine administration on serum lipids are inconsistent. This meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed to summarize the effects of L-carnitine intake on serum lipids in patients and healthy individuals. Methods: Two authors independently searched electronic databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar from 1990 until August 1, 2019, in order to find relevant RCTs. The quality of selected RCTs was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool. Cochrane’s Q test and I-square (I2) statistic were used to determine the heterogeneity across included trials. Weight mean difference (SMD) and 95% CI between the two intervention groups were used to determine pooled effect sizes. Subgroup analyses were performed to evaluate the source of heterogeneity based on suspected variables such as, participant’s health conditions, age, dosage of L-carnitine, duration of study, sample size, and study location between primary RCTs. Results: Out of 3460 potential papers selected based on keywords search, 67 studies met the inclusion criteria and were eligible for the meta-analysis. The pooled results indicated that L-carnitine administration led to a significant decrease in triglycerides (WMD: -10.35; 95% CI: -16.43, -4.27), total cholesterol (WMD: -9.47; 95% CI: - 13.23, -5.70) and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations (WMD: -6.25; 95% CI: -9.30, -3.21), and a significant increase in HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (WMD: 1.39; 95% CI: 0.21, 2.57). L-carnitine supplementation did not influence VLDL-cholesterol concentrations. When we stratified studies for the predefined factors such as dosage, and age, no significant effects of the intervention on triglycerides, LDL-C, and HDL-C levels were found. Conclusion: This meta-analysis demonstrated that L-carnitine administration significantly reduced triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels, and significantly increased HDL-cholesterol levels in the pooled analyses, but did not affect VLDL-cholesterol levels; however, these findings were not confirmed in our subgroup analyses by participant’s health conditions, age, dosage of L-carnitine, duration of study, sample size, and study location.

Download Full-text

Management of LDL‐cholesterol levels in patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Cardiology Practice: Real‐life evidence of Under‐treatment from the EPHESUS registry

European Journal of Clinical Investigation ◽

10.1111/eci.13528 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kadir Uğur Mert ◽

Özcan Başaran ◽

Gurbet Özge Mert ◽

Volkan Doğan ◽

İbrahim Rencüzoğulları ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Real Life ◽

Cholesterol Levels ◽

Patients With Diabetes

Download Full-text

The Relationship Between Updated Sydney System Score and LDL Cholesterol Levels in Patients Infected with Helicobacter pylori

Digestive Diseases and Sciences ◽

10.1007/s10620-008-0391-y ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 604-607 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Metin Kucukazman ◽

Bunyamin Yavuz ◽

Muhammed Sacikara ◽

Zeliha Asilturk ◽

Naim Ata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Cholesterol Levels ◽

Sydney System ◽

Updated Sydney System ◽

The Relationship

Download Full-text

Increased IL18 mRNA levels in peripheral artery disease and its association with triglyceride and LDL cholesterol levels: a pilot study

Heart and Vessels ◽

10.1007/s00380-015-0753-2 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 31 (6) ◽

pp. 976-984 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Serkan Burc Deser ◽

Burcu Bayoglu ◽

Kazım Besirli ◽

Mujgan Cengiz ◽

Berk Arapi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Peripheral Artery Disease ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Peripheral Artery ◽

Cholesterol Levels ◽

Artery Disease

Download Full-text

Association of a leucine(7)-to-proline(7) polymorphism in the signal peptide of neuropeptide Y with high serum cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels

Nature Medicine ◽

10.1038/4027 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 4 (12) ◽

pp. 1434-1437 ◽

Cited By ~ 159

Author(s):

Matti K. Karvonen ◽

Ullamari Pesonen ◽

Markku Koulu ◽

Leo Niskanen ◽

Markku Laakso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neuropeptide Y ◽

Serum Cholesterol ◽

Signal Peptide ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

High Serum ◽

High Serum Cholesterol ◽

Cholesterol Levels

Download Full-text

Abstract P307: Chitin-Glucan Fiber Effects on Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.125.suppl_10.ap307 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽

Author(s):

Joseph L Evans ◽

Harold Bays ◽

Kevin C Maki ◽

Mal Evans ◽

Veronique Maquet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Complications ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Low Density ◽

Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Cholesterol Levels ◽

Insoluble Fiber

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) is believed to play a role in the progression of atherosclerotic coronary heart disease (CHD) and the development of diabetes complications. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of a novel insoluble fiber derived from the mycelium Aspergillus niger , chitin-glucan (CG) (ARTINIA™), evaluated 135 patients with fasting LDL-cholesterol 130-189.9 mg/dl and fasting glucose <=125 mg/dl. Participants were randomly assigned to receive CG (4.5 g/day; n=34), CG (1.5 g/day; n=33), CG (1.5 g/day) plus olive extract (n=33), or matching placebo (n=35) for 6 weeks. The primary outcome measure was the between-group difference in OxLDL. Secondary outcome measurements included effects upon lipid, glucose, insulin, and F2-isoprostane levels. After 6 weeks, CG 4.5 g/day (CG-4.5) significantly reduced mean OxLDL 3.8 U/L compared to baseline (58.0 U/L vs 61.8 U/L, respectively; P =0.006), and reduced OxLDL 4.97 U/L compared to placebo (P=<0.05). Other treatment groups generally had no significant effect upon OxLDL. CG treatment groups reduced LDL-cholesterol levels 3.2–;6.5% compared to placebo (P<0.05). In this study population without diabetes mellitus or elevated glucose levels, CG did not significantly affect high density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, F2-isoprostanes, or the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. Treatments were well tolerated and with adverse experiences comparable to placebo. These results suggest that chitin-glucan, a novel insoluble fiber, may significantly reduce OxLDL and LDL-cholesterol levels, which may have therapeutic implications for patients at risk for CHD or other diabetes complications.

Download Full-text

Pharmacokinetics, Distribution in Serum Lipoproteins and Tissues, and Renal Toxicities of Amphotericin B and Amphotericin B Lipid Complex in a Hypercholesterolemic Rabbit Model: Single-Dose Studies

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.42.12.3146 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 42 (12) ◽

pp. 3146-3152 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Kishor M. Wasan ◽

Allison L. Kennedy ◽

Shawn M. Cassidy ◽

Manisha Ramaswamy ◽

Lorilynne Holtorf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amphotericin B ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Renal Toxicity ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Total Serum ◽

Lipid Complex ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Regular Diet ◽

Cholesterol Levels

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine if a relationship exists among total serum and lipoprotein cholesterol concentration, the severity of amphotericin B (AmpB)-induced renal toxicity, and the serum pharmacokinetics of AmpB in hypercholesterolemic rabbits administered AmpB and AmpB lipid complex (ABLC). After 10 days of cholesterol-enriched diet (0.50% [wt/vol]) or regular rabbit diet (control), each rabbit was administered a single intravenous bolus of AmpB or ABLC (1.0 mg/kg of body weight). Blood samples were obtained before administration and serially thereafter for the assessment of serum pharmacokinetics, kidney toxicity, and serum lipoprotein distribution. Rabbits were humanely sacrificed after all blood samples were obtained, and tissues were harvested for drug analysis. Before drug treatment, cholesterol-fed rabbits demonstrated marked increases in total serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels compared with levels in rabbits on a regular diet. No significant differences in triglyceride levels were observed. A significant increase in serum creatinine levels was observed in cholesterol-fed and regular diet-fed rabbits administered AmpB. However, the magnitude of this increase was 2.5-fold greater in cholesterol-fed rabbits than in regular diet-fed rabbits. No significant differences in triglyceride levels were observed. A significant increase in serum creatinine levels was observed in cholesterol-fed and regular diet-fed rabbits administered ABLC. Whereas AmpB pharmacokinetics were significantly altered in cholesterol-fed rabbits administered free AmpB, similar AmpB pharmacokinetics were observed in both rabbit groups administered ABLC. Renal AmpB levels were significantly increased in cholesterol-fed rabbits administered AmpB compared with those in all other groups. Hepatic and lung AmpB levels were elevated in cholesterol-fed rabbits administered free AmpB compared to controls. In addition, hepatic, lung, and spleen AmpB levels were significantly decreased in cholesterol-fed rabbits administered ABLC compared to controls. An increased percentage of AmpB was recovered in LDL–very-low-density lipoprotein fraction when free AmpB was administered to cholesterol-fed rabbits compared with those in all other groups. These findings suggest that increases in cholesterol, specifically, LDL cholesterol levels, modify the disposition and renal toxicity of free AmpB. However, the pharmacokinetics and renal toxicity of ABLC were independent of elevations in total and LDL cholesterol levels.

Download Full-text