scholarly journals Disallowance ofAcot7in β-Cells Is Required for Normal Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Secretion

Diabetes ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1268-1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aida Martinez-Sanchez ◽  
Timothy J. Pullen ◽  
Pauline Chabosseau ◽  
Qifeng Zhang ◽  
Elizabeth Haythorne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Normal Glucose

scholarly journals Regional Variations of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity in Japanese Participants With Normal Glucose Tolerance

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiriko Watanabe ◽  
Moritake Higa ◽  
Yoshimasa Hasegawa ◽  
Akihiro Kudo ◽  
Richard C. Allsopp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Insulinogenic Index ◽  
Genetic Traits ◽  
Normal Glucose

Purpose: Regional differences in dietary patterns in Asian countries might affect the balance of insulin response and sensitivity. However, this notion is yet to be validated. To clarify the regional differences in the insulin response and sensitivity and their relationship to nutrients, we compared the insulin secretory response during an oral glucose tolerance test in Japanese participants.Methods: This observational retrospective cohort study analyzed the data from participants with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) from four distinct areas of Japan with regard to the food environment: Fukushima, Nagano, Tokushima, and Okinawa based on data available in the Japanese National Health Insurance database.Results: Although the glucose levels were comparable among the four regions, the insulin responses were significantly different among the regions. This difference was observed even within the same BMI category. The plot between the insulin sensitivity index (Matsuda index) and insulinAUC/glucoseAUC or the insulinogenic index showed hyperbolic relationships with variations in regions. The indices of insulin secretion correlated positively with fat intake and negatively with the intake of fish, carbohydrate calories, and dietary fiber.Conclusions: We found that significant regional differences in insulin response and insulin sensitivity in Japanese participants and that nutritional factors may be linked to these differences independently of body size/adiposity. Insulin response and insulin sensitivity can vary among adult individuals, even within the same race and the same country, and are likely affected by environmental/lifestyle factors as well as genetic traits.

Increased expression of GAD65 and GABA in pancreatic β-cells impairs first-phase insulin secretion

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (3) ◽  
pp. E684-E694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuguang Shi ◽  
Jamil Kanaani ◽  
Virginie Menard-Rose ◽  
Yan Hui Ma ◽  
Pi-Yun Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cells ◽  
Pancreas Perfusion ◽  
First Phase Insulin Secretion

The functional role of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and its product GABA in pancreatic islets has remained elusive. Mouse β-cells express the larger isoform GAD67, whereas human islets express only the smaller isoform GAD65. We have generated two lines of transgenic mice expressing human GAD65 in pancreatic β-cells (RIP7-hGAD65, Lines 1 and 2) to study the effect that GABA generated by this isoform has on islet cell function. The ascending order of hGAD65 expression and/or activity in β-cells was Line 1 heterozygotes < Line 2 heterozygotes < Line 1 homozygotes. Line 1 heterozygotes have normal glucose tolerance, whereas Line 1 homozygotes and Line 2 heterozygotes exhibit impaired glucose tolerance and inhibition of insulin secretion in vivo in response to glucose. In addition, fasting levels of blood glucose are elevated and insulin is decreased in Line 1 homozygotes. Pancreas perfusion experiments suggest that GABA generated by GAD65 may function as a negative regulator of first-phase insulin secretion in response to glucose by affecting a step proximal to or at the KATP +channel.

scholarly journals Glucose-Induced Insulin Secretion in Dyslipidemic and Normolipidemic Patients With Normal Glucose Tolerance

Diabetes Care ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 1225-1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Binnert ◽  
M. Genoud ◽  
G. Seematter ◽  
A. Fekirini ◽  
V. Mooser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Normal Glucose

Concentrated Loss of Insulin Secretion in Wistar Rats with Normal Glucose Tolerance

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 64-66
Author(s):  
T. Kanatsuna ◽  
H. Senmaru ◽  
K. Makino ◽  
K. Ohohashi ◽  
K. Kuzuya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Normal Glucose
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