scholarly journals Adipose Tissue Free Fatty Acid Storage In Vivo: Effects of Insulin Versus Niacin as a Control for Suppression of Lipolysis

Diabetes ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 2828-2835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asem H. Ali ◽  
Manpreet Mundi ◽  
Christina Koutsari ◽  
David A. Bernlohr ◽  
Michael D. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
In Vivo Effects

Effects of epinephrine on regional free fatty acid and energy metabolism in men and women

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (2) ◽  
pp. E259-E264 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Jensen ◽  
P. E. Cryer ◽  
C. M. Johnson ◽  
M. J. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Men And Women

Upper-body and lower-body adipocytes respond differently to physiological catecholamines in vitro. It is not known whether this is true in vivo or whether gender differences exist in the regional adipose tissue responses to epinephrine. These studies were therefore conducted to examine free fatty acid (FFA) release ([3H]palmitate) from lower-body (leg), splanchnic, and upper-body adipose tissue in normal-weight adult men (n = 8) and women (n = 7). In response to intravenous epinephrine (10 ng.kg-1.min-1), palmitate release increased (P < 0.01) in both men (168 +/- 10 to 221 +/- 15 mumol/min) and women (177 +/- 12 to 234 +/- 18 mumol/min). Basal leg palmitate release was similar in women and men (16.8 +/- 2.9 and 12.4 +/- 1.3 mumol/min, P = not significant) but doubled (P < 0.01) in response to epinephrine in men and was virtually unchanged in women. Splanchnic palmitate release increased (P < 0.05) in men (n = 6) but not in women (n = 6), whereas nonsplanchnic upper-body palmitate release increased more in women than in men. Upper-body (splanchnic and nonsplanchnic) palmitate release increased (P < 0.05) in both men and women in response to epinephrine. In summary, lower-body adipose tissue FFA release increased in response to epinephrine in men but not women, whereas upper-body palmitate release increased in both groups. These findings are consistent with some in vitro findings and suggest that catecholamine action may play a role in determining gender-based differences in body fat distribution.

β-Adrenoceptors mediate inhibition of lipolysis in adipocytes of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus)

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (2) ◽  
pp. E318-E325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerjanne J. Vianen ◽  
Peter P. Obels ◽  
Guido E. E. J. M. van den Thillart ◽  
Johan Zaagsma
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Oreochromis Mossambicus ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
First Time

The regulation of triglyceride mobilization by catecholamines was investigated in the teleost fish Oreochromis mossambicus (tilapia) in vivo and in vitro. In vitro experiments were carried out with adipocytes that were isolated for the first time from fish adipose tissue. For the in vivo experiments, cannulated tilapia were exposed to stepwise decreasing oxygen levels (20, 10, and 5% air saturation; 3.9, 1.9, and 1.0 kPa Po 2, respectively), each level being maintained for 2 h. Blood samples were taken at timed intervals and analyzed for plasma lactate, glucose, free fatty acids, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol. Hypoxia exposure did not change plasma epinephrine levels. In contrast, the plasma norepinephrine concentration markedly increased at all hypoxia levels. Over the same period, plasma free fatty acid levels showed a significant continuous decrease, suggesting that norepinephrine is responsible for the reduced plasma free fatty acid concentration, presumably through inhibition of lipolysis in adipose tissue. To elucidate the mechanism, adipocytes were isolated from mesenteric adipose tissue of tilapia and incubated with 1) norepinephrine, 2) norepinephrine + phentolamine (α1,α2-antagonist), 3) isoproterenol (nonselective β-agonist), 4) isoproterenol + timolol (β1,β2-antagonist), 5) norepinephrine + timolol, and 6) BRL-35135A (β3-agonist). The results demonstrate for the first time that norepinephrine and isoproterenol suppress lipolysis in isolated adipocytes of tilapia. The effect of norepinephrine is not mediated through α2-adrenoceptors but, like isoproterenol, via β-adrenoceptors. Furthermore, this study provides strong indications that β3-adrenoceptors are involved.

scholarly journals An ethanolic extract of Artemisia scoparia inhibits lipolysis in vivo and has antilipolytic effects on murine adipocytes in vitro

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (5) ◽  
pp. E1053-E1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anik Boudreau ◽  
Allison J. Richard ◽  
Jasmine A. Burrell ◽  
William T. King ◽  
Ruth Dunn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Microarray Analysis ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Artemisia Scoparia

An ethanolic extract of Artemisia scoparia (SCO) has metabolically favorable effects on adipocyte development and function in vitro and in vivo. In diet-induced obese mice, SCO supplementation significantly reduced fasting glucose and insulin levels. Given the importance of adipocyte lipolysis in metabolic health, we hypothesized that SCO modulates lipolysis in vitro and in vivo. Free fatty acids and glycerol were measured in the sera of mice fed a high-fat diet with or without SCO supplementation. In cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes, the effects of SCO on lipolysis were assessed by measuring glycerol and free fatty acid release. Microarray analysis, qPCR, and immunoblotting were used to assess gene expression and protein abundance. We found that SCO supplementation of a high-fat diet in mice substantially reduces circulating glycerol and free fatty acid levels, and we observed a cell-autonomous effect of SCO to significantly attenuate tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα)-induced lipolysis in cultured adipocytes. Although several prolipolytic and antilipolytic genes were identified by microarray analysis of subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue from SCO-fed mice, regulation of these genes did not consistently correlate with SCO’s ability to reduce lipolytic metabolites in sera or cell culture media. However, in the presence of TNFα in cultured adipocytes, SCO induced antilipolytic changes in phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase and perilipin. Together, these data suggest that the antilipolytic effects of SCO on adipose tissue play a role in the ability of this botanical extract to improve whole body metabolic parameters and support its use as a dietary supplement to promote metabolic resiliency.

scholarly journals Central melanocortin stimulation increases phosphorylated perilipin A and hormone-sensitive lipase in adipose tissues

2010 ◽  
Vol 299 (1) ◽  
pp. R140-R149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. B. Shrestha ◽  
C. H. Vaughan ◽  
B. J. Smith ◽  
C. K. Song ◽  
D. J. Baro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Sympathetic Nerves ◽  
Hormone Sensitive Lipase ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Perilipin A ◽  
Hormone Sensitive

Norepinephrine (NE) released from the sympathetic nerves innervating white adipose tissue (WAT) is the principal initiator of lipolysis in mammals. Central WAT sympathetic outflow neurons express melanocortin 4-receptor (MC4-R) mRNA. Single central injection of melanotan II (MTII; MC3/4-R agonist) nonuniformly increases WAT NE turnover (NETO), increases interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) NETO, and increases the circulating lipolytic products glycerol and free fatty acid. The WAT pads that contributed to this lipolysis were inferred from the increases in NETO. Because phosphorylation of perilipin A (p-perilipin A) and hormone-sensitive lipase are necessary for NE-triggered lipolysis, we tested whether MTII would increase these intracellular markers of lipolysis. Male Siberian hamsters received a single 3rd ventricular injection of MTII or saline. Trunk blood was collected at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 h postinjection from excised inguinal, retroperitoneal, and epididymal WAT (IWAT, RWAT, and EWAT, respectively) and IBAT pads. MTII increased circulating glycerol concentrations at 0.5 and 1.0 h, whereas free fatty acid concentrations were increased at 1.0 and 2.0 h. Western blot analysis showed that MTII specifically increased p-perilipin A and hormone-sensitive lipase only in fat pads that previously had MTII-induced increases in NETO. Phosphorylation increased in IWAT at all time points and IBAT at 0.5 h, but not RWAT or EWAT at any time point. These results show for the first time in rodents that p-perilipin A can serve as an in vivo, fat pad-specific indictor of lipolysis and extend our previous findings showing that central melanocortin stimulation increases WAT lipolysis.

Acute metabolic effects of adrenergic agents in swine

1987 ◽  
Vol 252 (1) ◽  
pp. E85-E95 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Mersmann
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Adipose Tissue Lipolysis ◽  
Beta 2 ◽  
Stimulation Of

A pig model in vivo was used to confirm the unique specificity for stimulation of porcine adipose tissue lipolysis by norepinephrine analogues in vitro. Plasma free fatty acid and blood glycerol concentrations were monitored as probable indicators of adipose tissue lipolysis. Plasma glucose and lactate concentrations, blood pressure, and heart rate were monitored also. Norepinephrine analogues were infused intravenously. Several compounds, classified as either beta 1- or beta 2-adrenergic agonists, that stimulated lipolysis in vitro also increased plasma free fatty acid and blood glycerol concentrations in vivo. Tazolol (beta 1) and quinterenol (beta 2) did not stimulate lipolysis in vitro and likewise did not elevate plasma free fatty acid or blood glycerol concentrations in vivo. Clenbuterol and zinterol did not stimulate lipolysis in vitro but elevated plasma free fatty acid concentrations in vivo, implying indirect effects. Isoproterenol stimulation of plasma free fatty acid and blood glycerol concentrations in vivo was antagonized by propranolol, implying the beta-adrenergic nature of the receptors. Infusion of purported beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic antagonists suggested control of lipolysis in vivo predominantly by beta 1-adrenergic receptors; however, because the results in vitro do not indicate this specificity, differential pharmacodynamics of the antagonists are suggested rather than designation of receptor subtypes. There was no evidence for alpha-adrenergic mediated inhibition of adipose tissue lipolysis in vivo, confirming observations in vitro.

scholarly journals Inhibition of adipose tissue lipolysis increases intramuscular lipid and glycogen use in vivo in humans

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (3) ◽  
pp. E482-E493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc J. C. van Loon ◽  
Michaela Thomason-Hughes ◽  
Dumitru Constantin-Teodosiu ◽  
René Koopman ◽  
Paul L. Greenhaff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Acid Analog ◽  
Plasma Ffa ◽  
Intramuscular Lipid ◽  
Adipose Tissue Lipolysis

This study investigates the consequences of inhibition of adipose tissue lipolysis on skeletal muscle substrate use. Ten subjects were studied at rest and during exercise and subsequent recovery under normal, fasting conditions (control trial, CON) and following administration of a nicotinic acid analog (low plasma free fatty acid trial, LFA). Continuous [U-13C]palmitate and [6,6-2H2]glucose infusions were applied to quantify plasma free fatty acid (FFA) and glucose oxidation rates and to estimate intramuscular triacylglycerol (IMTG) and glycogen use. Muscle biopsies were collected to measure 1) fiber type-specific IMTG content; 2) allosteric regulators of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), glycogen phosphorylase, and pyruvate dehydrogenase; and 3) the phosphorylation status of HSL at Ser563 and Ser565. Administration of a nicotinic acid analog (acipimox) substantially reduced plasma FFA rate of appearance and subsequent plasma FFA concentrations ( P < 0.0001). At rest, this substantially reduced plasma FFA oxidation rates, which was compensated by an increase in the estimated IMTG use ( P < 0.05). During exercise, the progressive increase in FFA rate of appearance, uptake, and oxidation was prevented in the LFA trial and matched by greater IMTG and glycogen use. Differential phosphorylation of HSL or relief of its allosteric inhibition by long-chain fatty acyl-CoA could not explain the increase in muscle TG use, but there was evidence to support the contention that regulation may reside at the level of the glucose-fatty acid cycle. This study confirms the hypothesis that plasma FFA availability regulates both intramuscular lipid and glycogen use in vivo in humans.

scholarly journals Clearing-factor lipase in adipose tissue. A possible role of adenosine 3′,5′-(cyclic)-monophosphate in the regulation of its activity

1968 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 841-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Wing ◽  
D S Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Lipase Activity ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Free Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
Epididymal Fat ◽  
Fat Bodies

1. The rise in clearing-factor lipase activity that occurs when epididymal fat bodies from starved rats are incubated in appropriate media in vitro is inhibited in the presence of 6-N-2′-O-dibutyryl-3′,5′-(cyclic)-AMP (1mm). 2. Inhibition occurs at a concentration of glucose in the incubation medium of 1·3mg./ml. or less, but not at a glucose concentration of 2·4mg./ml., unless caffeine (1mm), an inhibitor of 3′,5′-(cyclic)-nucleotide phosphodiesterase, is also present. Caffeine (5mm) alone inhibits the rise in clearing-factor lipase activity at a glucose concentration of 2·4mg./ml. of medium. 3. The concentration of free fatty acids in the epididymal fat bodies normally falls during incubations in vitro as the rise in clearing-factor lipase activity occurs. In the presence of 1mm-6-N-2′-O-dibutyryl-3′,5′-(cyclic)-AMP, however, either the tissue free fatty acid concentration is increased or it does not fall to the same extent. The concentration of glucose in the incubation medium is important in determining the direction and extent of the changes in tissue free fatty acid concentration that occur in the presence of 6-N-2′-O-dibutyryl-3′,5′-(cyclic)-AMP. 4. Free fatty acid concentrations in epididymal fat bodies in vivo rise as the clearing-factor lipase activity of the tissue falls during starvation. 5. The possibility that the concentration of 3′,5′-(cyclic)-AMP in adipose tissue may regulate clearing-factor lipase activity, and that the regulation may occur through effects of the nucleotide on tissue free fatty acid concentrations, is discussed.

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