scholarly journals Anti-CD44 Antibody Treatment Lowers Hyperglycemia and Improves Insulin Resistance, Adipose Inflammation, and Hepatic Steatosis in Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Diabetes ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 867-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiichi Kodama ◽  
Kyoko Toda ◽  
Shojiroh Morinaga ◽  
Satoru Yamada ◽  
Atul J. Butte
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Antibody Treatment ◽  
Adipose Inflammation ◽  
Cd44 Antibody

Black rice anthocyanins alleviate hyperlipidemia, liver steatosis and insulin resistance by regulating lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in obese mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haizhao Song ◽  
Xinchun Shen ◽  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Xiaodong Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Black Rice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity

Supplementation of black rice anthocyanins (BRAN) alleviated high fat diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis by improvement of lipid metabolism and modification of the gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Treatment with Lobeglitazone Attenuates Hepatic Steatosis in Diet-Induced Obese Mice

PPAR Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorim Choung ◽  
Kyong Hye Joung ◽  
Bo Ram You ◽  
Sang Ki Park ◽  
Hyun Jin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Hepatic Lipid ◽  
Hepatic Expression ◽  
Expression Of Genes

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is strongly associated with insulin resistance. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) activators, thiazolidinediones, (TZDs), are insulin sensitizers used as a treatment for NAFLD. However, TZDs are a controversial treatment for NAFLD because of conflicting results regarding hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. To evaluate a possible effective drug for treatment of NAFLD, we investigated the effects of a newly developed TZD, lobeglitazone, with an emphasis on hepatic lipid metabolism. Lobeglitazone treatment for 4 weeks in high fat diet- (HFD-) induced obese mice (HL group) improved insulin resistance and glucose intolerance compared to HFD-induced obese mice (HU group). The gene levels related to hepatic gluconeogenesis also decreased after treatment by lobeglitazone. The livers of mice in the HL group showed histologically reduced lipid accumulation, with lowered total plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels. In addition, the HL group significantly decreased the hepatic expression of genes associated with lipid synthesis, cholesterol biosynthesis, and lipid droplet development and increased the hepatic expression of genes associated with fatty acid β-oxidation, thus suggesting that lobeglitazone decreased hepatic steatosis and reversed hepatic lipid dysregulation. Livers with steatohepatitis contained increased levels of PPARγ and phosphorylated PPARγ at serine 273, leading to downregulation of expression of genes associated with insulin sensitivity. Notably, the treatment of lobeglitazone increased the protein levels of PPARα and diminished levels of PPARγ phosphorylated at serine 273, which were increased by a HFD, suggesting that induction of PPARα and posttranslational modification of PPARγ in livers by lobeglitazone might be an underlying mechanism of the improvement seen in NAFLD. Taken together, our data showed that lobeglitazone might be an effective treatment for NAFLD.

Biochanin A improves hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance by regulating the hepatic lipid and glucose metabolic pathways in diet-induced obese mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 1944-1955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hee-Sook Park ◽  
Haeng Jeon Hur ◽  
Soon-Hee Kim ◽  
Su-Jin Park ◽  
Moon Ju Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Biochanin A ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Hepatic Lipid

scholarly journals Peripancreatic adipose tissue protects against high-fat-diet-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 2323-2334
Author(s):  
Belén Chanclón ◽  
Yanling Wu ◽  
Milica Vujičić ◽  
Marco Bauzá-Thorbrügge ◽  
Elin Banke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Fat Depot

Abstract Background/objectives Visceral adiposity is associated with increased diabetes risk, while expansion of subcutaneous adipose tissue may be protective. However, the visceral compartment contains different fat depots. Peripancreatic adipose tissue (PAT) is an understudied visceral fat depot. Here, we aimed to define PAT functionality in lean and high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Subjects/methods Four adipose tissue depots (inguinal, mesenteric, gonadal, and peripancreatic adipose tissue) from chow- and HFD-fed male mice were compared with respect to adipocyte size (n = 4–5/group), cellular composition (FACS analysis, n = 5–6/group), lipogenesis and lipolysis (n = 3/group), and gene expression (n = 6–10/group). Radioactive tracers were used to compare lipid and glucose metabolism between these four fat depots in vivo (n = 5–11/group). To determine the role of PAT in obesity-associated metabolic disturbances, PAT was surgically removed prior to challenging the mice with HFD. PAT-ectomized mice were compared to sham controls with respect to glucose tolerance, basal and glucose-stimulated insulin levels, hepatic and pancreatic steatosis, and gene expression (n = 8–10/group). Results We found that PAT is a tiny fat depot (~0.2% of the total fat mass) containing relatively small adipocytes and many “non-adipocytes” such as leukocytes and fibroblasts. PAT was distinguished from the other fat depots by increased glucose uptake and increased fatty acid oxidation in both lean and obese mice. Moreover, PAT was the only fat depot where the tissue weight correlated positively with liver weight in obese mice (R = 0.65; p = 0.009). Surgical removal of PAT followed by 16-week HFD feeding was associated with aggravated hepatic steatosis (p = 0.008) and higher basal (p < 0.05) and glucose-stimulated insulin levels (p < 0.01). PAT removal also led to enlarged pancreatic islets and increased pancreatic expression of markers of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and islet development (p < 0.05). Conclusions PAT is a small metabolically highly active fat depot that plays a previously unrecognized role in the pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in advanced obesity.

scholarly journals URAT1-selective inhibition ameliorates insulin resistance by attenuating diet-induced hepatic steatosis and BAT whitening in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Tanaka ◽  
T Nagoshi ◽  
A Yoshii ◽  
Y Oi ◽  
H Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Selective Inhibition ◽  
Selective Inhibitor ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Brown Adipose

Abstract Background Accumulating evidence suggests that high uric acid is strongly associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome and drives the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and insulin resistance. Although urate transporter-1 (URAT1), which is primarily expressed in the kidney, plays a critical role in the development of hyperuricemia, its pathophysiological implication in NAFLD and insulin resistance remains unclear. Objectives We hypothesizes that URAT1 plays an important role in obesity-induced metabolic disorders, and URAT1-selective inhibitor treatment ameliorates systemic insulin resistance, NAFLD and adipose tissue dysfunction using diet-induced obese mice. Methods Mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 to 18 weeks or a normal-fat diet (NFD) were treated with or without a novel oral URAT1-selective inhibitor (dotinurad [50 mg/kg/day]) for another 4 weeks. Results Dotinurad administration significantly ameliorated HFD-induced obesity and insulin resistance. We found that URAT1 was also expressed in the liver and brown adipose tissue (BAT) other than kidney. HFD markedly induced NAFLD, which was characterized by severe hepatic steatosis, as well as the elevation of serum ALT activity and tissue inflammatory cytokine genes (Ccl2 and TNFα), all of which were attenuated by dotinurad. Likewise, HFD significantly increased URAT1 expression in BAT, resulting in the lipid accumulation (whitening of BAT) and increased production of tissue reactive oxygen species, which were reduced by dotinurad via UCP1 activation. Conclusions A novel URAT1-selective inhibitor, dotinurad, ameliorates insulin resistance by attenuating hepatic steatosis and promoting rebrowning of lipid-rich BAT in HFD-induced obese mice. URAT1 serves as a key regulator of the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome, and may be a new therapeutic target for insulin-resistant individuals, particularly those with concomitant NAFLD. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

scholarly journals Glucocorticoid-Induced Metabolic Disturbances are Exacerbated in Obesity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Innocence Harvey ◽  
Erin J. Stephenson ◽  
JeAnna R. Redd ◽  
Quynh T. Tran ◽  
Irit Hochberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Lipolytic Enzyme ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity

AbstractObjective: To determine the effects of glucocorticoid-induced metabolic dysfunction in the presence of diet-induced obesity. Methods: C57BL/6J adult male lean and diet-induced obese mice were given dexamethasone for different durations and levels of hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance and lipolysis were determined. Results: Obese mice given dexamethasone had significant, synergistic effects on insulin resistance and markers of lipolysis, as well as hepatic steatosis. This was associated with synergistic transactivation of the lipolytic enzyme ATGL. Conclusions: The combination of chronically elevated glucocorticoids and obesity leads to exacerbations in metabolic dysfunction. Our findings suggest lipolysis may be a key player in glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance and fatty liver in individuals with obesity.

Abstract 287: Obesity Accelerates T Cell Senescence

2016 ◽  
Vol 119 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kohsuke Shirakawa ◽  
Tsunehisa Yamamoto ◽  
Jin Enso ◽  
Keiichi Fukuda ◽  
Motoaki Sano
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Cell Senescence ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
M1 Macrophage ◽  
Adipose Inflammation ◽  
T Cell Senescence

Obesity is associated with accelerated biological aging and predisposes to the early onset of aging-related diseases. We investigate how obesity causes aging. Diet-induced adiposity was associated with an accumulation of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)+ memory phenotype (MP) CD4+ T cells having features of cell senescence in visceral adipose tissue (VAT). The PD-1+ MP CD4+ T cells stimulated macrophage infiltration and promoted M1 macrophage polarization, while reducing regulatory T cells in VAT. High fat diet (HFD) induced conversion of naïve T cells to PD-1+ MP T cells in a macrophage- and B cell-dependent manner. Immunological depletion of PD-1+ T cells attenuated adipose inflammation and reversed insulin resistance in HFD-induced obese mice, while adoptive transfer of PD-1+ MP CD4+ T cells in VAT induced adipose inflammation and insulin resistance in non-obese mice. We propose that T cell senescence originating in VAT contributes to the mechanism of how obesity causes aging.

scholarly journals Dietary Eriodictyol Alleviates Adiposity, Hepatic Steatosis, Insulin Resistance, and Inflammation in Diet-Induced Obese Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun-Young Kwon ◽  
Myung-Sook Choi
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Hepatic Fatty Acid Oxidation

The present study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-obesity effect of flavonoid eriodictyol (ED) supplementation in mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). C57BL/6N mice were fed with normal diet (ND), HFD (40 kcal% fat), or HFD + 0.005% (w/w) ED for 16 weeks. In HFD-induced obese mice, dietary ED supplementation significantly alleviated dyslipidemia and adiposity by downregulating the expression of lipogenesis-related genes in white adipose tissue (WAT), while enhancing fecal lipid excretion. ED additionally improved hepatic steatosis and decreased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by downregulating the expression of hepatic enzymes and the genes involved in lipogenesis and upregulating the expression of hepatic fatty acid oxidation-related enzymes and genes. In addition, ED improved insulin resistance (IR) by suppressing hepatic gluconeogenesis, enhancing glucose utilization, and modulating the production and release of two incretin hormones, namely gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Taken together, the current findings indicated that ED can protect against diet-induced obesity and related metabolic disturbances, including dyslipidemia, inflammation, fatty liver disease, and IR in diet-induced obese mice.

scholarly journals CD44 Plays a Critical Role in Regulating Diet-Induced Adipose Inflammation, Hepatic Steatosis, and Insulin Resistance

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e58417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Soon Kang ◽  
Grace Liao ◽  
Laura M. DeGraff ◽  
Kevin Gerrish ◽  
Carl D. Bortner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Adipose Inflammation
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