scholarly journals HSP72 Is a Mitochondrial Stress Sensor Critical for Parkin Action, Oxidative Metabolism, and Insulin Sensitivity in Skeletal Muscle

Diabetes ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1488-1505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian G. Drew ◽  
Vicente Ribas ◽  
Jamie A. Le ◽  
Darren C. Henstridge ◽  
Jennifer Phun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Mitochondrial Stress ◽  
Stress Sensor

scholarly journals IL-15 Overexpression Promotes Endurance, Oxidative Energy Metabolism, and Muscle PPARδ, SIRT1, PGC-1α, and PGC-1β Expression in Male Mice

Endocrinology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. 232-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
LeBris S. Quinn ◽  
Barbara G. Anderson ◽  
Jennifer D. Conner ◽  
Tami Wolden-Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Sirtuin 1 ◽  
Ppar Γ ◽  
Oxidative Energy Metabolism

Endurance exercise initiates a pattern of gene expression that promotes fat oxidation, which in turn improves endurance, body composition, and insulin sensitivity. The signals from exercise that initiate these pathways have not been completely characterized. IL-15 is a cytokine that is up-regulated in skeletal muscle after exercise and correlates with leanness and insulin sensitivity. To determine whether IL-15 can induce any of the metabolic adaptations associated with exercise, substrate metabolism, endurance, and molecular expression patterns were examined in male transgenic mice with constitutively elevated muscle and circulating IL-15 levels. IL-15 transgenic mice ran twice as long as littermate control mice in a run-to-exhaustion trial and preferentially used fat for energy metabolism. Fast muscles in IL-15 transgenic mice exhibited high expression of intracellular mediators of oxidative metabolism that are induced by exercise, including sirtuin 1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-δ, PPAR-γ coactivator-1α, and PPAR-γ coactivator-1β. Muscle tissue in IL-15 transgenic mice exhibited myosin heavy chain and troponin I mRNA isoform expression patterns indicative of a more oxidative phenotype than controls. These findings support a role for IL-15 in induction of exercise endurance, oxidative metabolism, and skeletal muscle molecular adaptations induced by physical training.

Epigenetic and Metabolic Changes in Skeletal Muscle Underlying the Improvement of Insulin Sensitivity after Bariatric Surgery in Humans

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 156-OR
Author(s):  
SOFIYA GANCHEVA ◽  
MERIEM OUNI ◽  
CHRYSI KOLIAKI ◽  
TOMAS JELENIK ◽  
DANIEL F. MARKGRAF ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Metabolic Changes

Effect of training on insulin binding to rat skeletal muscle sarcolemmal vesicles

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (5) ◽  
pp. E570-E575
Author(s):  
G. K. Grimditch ◽  
R. J. Barnard ◽  
S. A. Kaplan ◽  
E. Sternlicht
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Insulin Binding ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Rat Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Binding Studies ◽  
Muscle Enzyme ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
High Affinity

We examined the hypothesis that the exercise training-induced increase in skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity is mediated by adaptations in insulin binding to sarcolemmal (SL) insulin receptors. Insulin binding studies were performed on rat skeletal muscle SL isolated from control and trained rats. No significant differences were noted between groups in body weight or fat. An intravenous glucose tolerance test showed an increase in whole-body insulin sensitivity with training, and specific D-glucose transport studies on isolated SL vesicles indicated that this was due in part to adaptations in skeletal muscle. Enzyme marker analyses revealed no differences in yield, purity, or contamination of SL membranes between the two groups. Scatchard analyses indicated no significant differences in the number of insulin binding sites per milligram SL protein on the high-affinity (15.0 +/- 4.1 vs. 18.1 +/- 6.4 X 10(9)) or on the low-affinity portions (925 +/- 80 vs. 884 +/- 106 X 10(9)) of the curves. The association constants of the high-affinity (0.764 +/- 0.154 vs. 0.685 +/- 0.264 X 10(9) M-1) and of the low affinity sites (0.0096 +/- 0.0012 vs. 0.0102 +/- 0.0012 X 10(9) M-1) also were similar. These results do not support the hypothesis that the increased sensitivity to insulin after exercise training is due to changes in SL insulin receptor binding.

Exercise training prevents maturation-induced decrease in insulin sensitivity

1996 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 1963-1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Nakai ◽  
Y. Shimomura ◽  
N. Ohsaki ◽  
J. Sato ◽  
Y. Oshida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Infusion Rate ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Euglycemic Clamp ◽  
Glut 4 ◽  
Hindlimb Muscle ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Sensitivity Improvement

We examined the effects of exercise training initiated before maturation or after maturation on insulin sensitivity and glucose transporter GLUT-4 content in membrane fractions of skeletal muscle. Female Wistar rats (4 wk of age) were divided into sedentary and exercise-trained groups. At 12 wk of age, a subset of the trained animals (Tr) was killed along with a subset of sedentary controls (Sed). One-half of the remaining sedentary animals remained sedentary (Sed-Sed) while the other half began exercise training (Sed-Tr). The remaining rats in the original trained group continued to train (Tr-Tr). Euglycemic clamp (insulin infusion rate at 6 mU.kg body wt-1. min-1) was performed at 4, 12, and 27 wk. After euglycemic clamp in all animals except the 4-wk-old, hindlimb (gastrocnemius and part of quadriceps) muscles were removed for preparation of membrane fractions. In sedentary rats, glucose infusion rate (GIR) during euglycemic clamp was decreased from 15.9 mg.kg-1.min-1 at 4 wk of age to 9.8 mg.kg-1.min-1 at 12 wk of age and 9.1 mg.kg-1.min-1 at 27 wk of age. In exercise-trained rats, the GIR was not significantly decreased by maturation (at 12 wk) and further aging (at 27 wk). Initiation of exercise after maturation restored the GIR at 27 wk of age to the same levels as these for the corresponding exercise-trained rats. GLUT-4 content in plasma and intracellular membrane fractions of hindlimb muscle obtained just after euglycemic clamp showed the same trend as the results of GIR. These results suggest that exercise training prevented the maturation-induced decrease in insulin sensitivity. Improvement of insulin sensitivity caused by exercise training was attributed, at least in part, to the increase in insulin-sensitive GLUT-4 on the plasma membrane in skeletal muscle.

Independent Influences of Central Fat and Skeletal Muscle Lipids on Insulin Sensitivity

2001 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 535-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart M. Furler ◽  
Ann M. Poynten ◽  
Adamandia D. Kriketos ◽  
Andrew J. Lowy ◽  
Bronwyn A. Ellis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Central Fat ◽  
Muscle Lipids

METABOLIC RESPONSE TO MALE HORMONE AND THYROID ACTIVITY IN THE INDIAN GARDEN LIZARD, CALOTES VERSICOLOR

1974 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
ASHA CHANDOLA ◽  
D. SURESH KUMAR ◽  
J. P. THAPLIYAL
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Tissue Oxygen ◽  
Thyroid Activity ◽  
Physiological Importance ◽  
Calotes Versicolor ◽  
Isolated Liver ◽  
Male Hormone

SUMMARY Thyroidectomy and orchidectomy led to significant reduction in the oxidative metabolism of isolated liver and skeletal muscle tissue (at 30 °C) in Calotes versicolor. Thyroxine and male hormone were shown to increase this parameter in intact and orchidectomized lizards respectively. The effects of thyroidectomy and orchidectomy on tissue oxygen uptake were not additive. It is supposed that by its effect on oxidative metabolism male hormone may be of a greater physiological importance for reptiles than for other vertebrates. The present results show also that changes in environmental temperature can counteract the depressive effect of orchidectomy on the thyroid of this species of lizard.

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