scholarly journals Liver Enzymes Are Associated With Hepatic Insulin Resistance, Insulin Secretion, and Glucagon Concentration in Healthy Men and Women

Diabetes ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1660-1667 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Bonnet ◽  
P.-H. Ducluzeau ◽  
A. Gastaldelli ◽  
M. Laville ◽  
C. H. Anderwald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Hepatic Insulin Resistance ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Glucagon Concentration

scholarly journals Incidence of diabetes in South Asian young adults compared to Pima Indians

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e001988
Author(s):  
K M Venkat Narayan ◽  
Dimple Kondal ◽  
Sayuko Kobes ◽  
Lisa R Staimez ◽  
Deepa Mohan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Diabetes Incidence ◽  
Pima Indians ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Indian Men ◽  
Design And Methods

IntroductionSouth Asians (SA) and Pima Indians have high prevalence of diabetes but differ markedly in body size. We hypothesize that young SA will have higher diabetes incidence than Pima Indians at comparable body mass index (BMI) levels.Research design and methodsWe used prospective cohort data to estimate age-specific, sex, and BMI-specific diabetes incidence in SA aged 20–44 years living in India and Pakistan from the Center for Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia Study (n=6676), and compared with Pima Indians, from Pima Indian Study (n=1852).ResultsAt baseline, SA were considerably less obese than Pima Indians (BMI (kg/m2): 24.4 vs 33.8; waist circumference (cm): 82.5 vs 107.0). Age-standardized diabetes incidence (cases/1000 person-years, 95% CI) was lower in SA than in Pima Indians (men: 14.2, 12.2–16.2 vs 37.3, 31.8–42.8; women: 14.8, 13.0–16.5 vs 46.1, 41.2–51.1). Risk of incident diabetes among 20–24-year-old Pima men and women was six times (relative risk (RR), 95% CI: 6.04, 3.30 to 12.0) and seven times (RR, 95% CI: 7.64, 3.73 to 18.2) higher as compared with SA men and women, respectively. In those with BMI <25 kg/m2, however, the risk of diabetes was over five times in SA men than in Pima Indian men. Among those with BMI ≥30 kg/m2, diabetes incidence in SA men was nearly as high as in Pima men. SA and Pima Indians had similar magnitude of association between age, sex, BMI, and insulin secretion with diabetes. The effect of family history was larger in SA, whereas that of insulin resistance was larger in Pima IndiansConclusionsIn the background of relatively low insulin resistance, higher diabetes incidence in SA is driven by poor insulin secretion in SA men. The findings call for research to improve insulin secretion in early natural history of diabetes.

scholarly journals Hepatic Insulin Clearance: Mechanism and Physiology

Physiology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia M. Najjar ◽  
Germán Perdomo
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Insulin Clearance ◽  
Hepatic Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Degrading Enzyme ◽  
Insulin Receptor Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Impaired Insulin ◽  
Hepatic Insulin Clearance

Upon its secretion from pancreatic β-cells, insulin reaches the liver through the portal circulation to exert its action and eventually undergo clearance in the hepatocytes. In addition to insulin secretion, hepatic insulin clearance regulates the homeostatic level of insulin that is required to reach peripheral insulin target tissues to elicit proper insulin action. Receptor-mediated insulin uptake followed by its degradation constitutes the basic mechanism of insulin clearance. Upon its phosphorylation by the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase, carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) takes part in the insulin-insulin receptor complex to increase the rate of its endocytosis and targeting to the degradation pathways. This review summarizes how this process is regulated and how it is associated with insulin-degrading enzyme in the liver. It also discusses the physiological implications of impaired hepatic insulin clearance: Whereas reduced insulin clearance cooperates with increased insulin secretion to compensate for insulin resistance, it can also cause hepatic insulin resistance. Because chronic hyperinsulinemia stimulates hepatic de novo lipogenesis, impaired insulin clearance also causes hepatic steatosis. Thus impaired insulin clearance can underlie the link between hepatic insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. Delineating these regulatory pathways should lead to building more effective therapeutic strategies against metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Ceramide Content in Liver Increases Along with Insulin Resistance in Obese Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hady Razak Hady ◽  
Agnieszka U. Błachnio-Zabielska ◽  
Łukasz Szczerbiński ◽  
Piotr Zabielski ◽  
Monika Imierska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Hepatic Insulin Resistance ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Ceramide Content

The liver plays a central role in the glucose and lipid metabolism. Studies performed on animal models have shown an important role of lipid accumulation in the induction of insulin resistance. We sought to explain whether in obese humans, the insulin resistance is associated with hepatic ceramide accumulation. The experiments were conducted on obese men and women. Each gender was divided into three groups: Normal glucose tolerance group (NGT), Impaired glucose tolerance group (IGT), and Type 2 diabetic subjects (T2D). Ceramide (Cer) content was analyzed with the use of LC/MS/MS. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), percentage body fat (FAT%), and body mass index (BMI) was also measured. Total hepatic ceramide was significantly higher in T2D females as compared to NGT females (p < 0.05), whereas in males, total ceramide was significantly higher in IGT and T2D as compared to NGT (p < 0.05). In both, men and women, the highest increase in T2D subjects, was observed in C16:0-Cer, C18:0:-Cer, C22:0-Cer, and C24:0-Cer (p < 0.05) as compared to NGT group. Interestingly, glucose (at 0′ and at 120′ in OGTT) and HbA1c positively correlated with the ceramide species that most increased in T2D patients (C16:0-Cer, C18:0-Cer, C22:0-Cer, and C24:0-Cer). In men glucose and HbA1c significantly correlated with only C22:0-Cer. This is one of the few studies comparing hepatic ceramide content in severely obese patients. We found that, ceramide content increased in diabetic patients, both in men and women, and the content of ceramide correlated with glycemic parameters. These data indicate ceramide contribution to the induction of hepatic insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Increasing early insulin secretion compensate adequately for hepatic insulin resistance in CCl4-induced cirrhosis rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (1,2) ◽  
pp. 54-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidekazu Arai ◽  
Naomi Awane ◽  
Akira Mizuno ◽  
Makiko Fukaya ◽  
Masae Sakuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Hepatic Insulin Resistance

Retinol-binding protein 4 is associated with impaired glucose tolerance but not with whole body or hepatic insulin resistance in Mexican Americans

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (4) ◽  
pp. E758-E764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto O. Chavez ◽  
Dawn K. Coletta ◽  
Subhash Kamath ◽  
Douglas T. Cromack ◽  
Adriana Monroy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Hepatic Glucose Production ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Hepatic Insulin Resistance ◽  
Whole Body

Retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP4), a novel protein secreted mainly by adipose tissue, has been associated with insulin resistance in obese subjects and in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We examined the relationship between plasma RBP4 levels, expression of RBP4 in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, and insulin sensitivity in Mexican Americans with varying degrees of obesity and glucose tolerance. Seventy-two subjects [16 lean normal-glucose-tolerant (NGT), 17 obese NGT, and 39 subjects with impaired fasting glucose/impaired glucose tolerance/T2DM] received an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp. Insulin secretion was measured as insulinogenic index during OGTT. In a subset of subjects, hepatic glucose production was measured by 3-[3H]glucose infusion, biopsies of the vastus lateralis muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue were obtained under basal conditions, and quantitative RT-PCR was performed to measure the RBP4 mRNA gene expression. Plasma RBP4 was significantly elevated in impaired glucose tolerance/T2DM compared with NGT lean or obese subjects. Plasma RBP4 levels correlated with 2-h glucose, triglycerides, and hemoglobin A1c. There was no association between RBP4 levels and whole body insulin sensitivity measured with either the euglycemic insulin clamp or OGTT, basal hepatic glucose production rates, and the hepatic insulin resistance index. There was no correlation between plasma RBP4 levels and indexes of insulin secretion. RBP4 mRNA expression in skeletal muscle was similar in lean NGT subjects, obese NGT subjects, and T2DM subjects. There was no difference in RBP4 mRNA expression in adipose tissue between lean and obese NGT subjects or between NGT and T2DM individuals. Plasma RBP4 levels are elevated in T2DM and associated with impaired glucose tolerance, but not associated with obesity or insulin resistance or impaired insulin secretion in Mexican Americans.

1409 THE NEW DUAL PPARα/δ AGONIST GFT505 IMPROVES HEPATIC INSULIN RESISTANCE AND DECREASES SERUM LIVER ENZYMES IN ABDOMINALLY OBESE PATIENTS

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. S554-S555
Author(s):  
B. Cariou ◽  
R. Hanf ◽  
S. Lambert-Porcheron ◽  
Y. Zaïr ◽  
L. Flet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Hepatic Insulin Resistance ◽  
Obese Patients

Insulin Resistance Syndrome and Lewis Phenotype in Healthy Men and Women

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (04) ◽  
pp. 193-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Petit ◽  
Y. Morwan ◽  
V. Viviani ◽  
G. Vaillant ◽  
G. Matejka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Resistance Syndrome ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Healthy Men
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