scholarly journals FoxO1 Haploinsufficiency Protects Against High-Fat Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance With Enhanced Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor   Activation in Adipose Tissue

Diabetes ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1275-1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Kim ◽  
P. Li ◽  
J. Huntley ◽  
J. P. Chang ◽  
K. C. Arden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor

scholarly journals Skeletal muscle mitochondrial and metabolic responses to a high-fat diet in female rats bred for high and low aerobic capacity

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott P. Naples ◽  
Sarah J. Borengasser ◽  
R. Scott. Rector ◽  
Grace M. Uptergrove ◽  
E. Matthew Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Mitochondrial Morphology ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor

Rats selected artificially to be low-capacity runners (LCR) possess a metabolic syndrome phenotype that is worsened by a high-fat diet (HFD), whereas rats selected to be high-capacity runners (HCR) are protected against HFD-induced obesity and insulin resistance. This study examined whether protection against, or susceptibility to, HFD-induced insulin resistance in the HCR–LCR strains is associated with contrasting metabolic adaptations in skeletal muscle. HCR and LCR rats (generation 20; n = 5–6; maximum running distance ∼1800 m vs. ∼350 m, respectively (p < 0.0001)) were divided into HFD (71.6% energy from fat) or normal chow (NC) (16.7% energy from fat) groups for 7 weeks (from 24 to 31 weeks of age). Skeletal muscle (red gastrocnemius) mitochondrial-fatty acid oxidation (FAO), mitochondrial-enzyme activity, mitochondrial-morphology, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) expression and insulin sensitivity (intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests) were measured. The HFD caused increased adiposity and reduced insulin sensitivity only in the LCR and not the HCR strain. Isolated mitochondria from the HCR skeletal muscle displayed a 2-fold-higher rate of FAO on NC, but both groups increased FAO following HFD. PGC-1α mRNA expression and superoxide dismutase activity were significantly reduced with the HFD in the LCR rats, but not in the HCR rats. PPARδ expression did not differ between strains or dietary conditions. These results do not provide a clear connection between protection of insulin sensitivity and HFD-induced adaptive changes in mitochondrial function or transcriptional responses but do not dismiss the possibility that elevated mitochondrial FAO in the HCR may play a protective role.

scholarly journals Effect of Eight Weeks of Aerobic Progressive Training with Capsaicin on Changes in PGC-1α and UPC-1 Expression in Visceral Adipose Tissue of Obese Rats With Diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-117
Author(s):  
Maryam Mostafavian ◽  
◽  
Ahmad Abdi ◽  
Javad Mehrabani ◽  
Alireza Barari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Objective: Decreased physical activity coupled with increased High‐Fat Diet (HFD) intake prompts obesity. Current research suggests that changing White Adipose Tissue (WAT) to brown promotes energy expenditure to counter obesity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic Progressive training and Capsaicin (Cap) on Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) and Uncoupling protein-1 (UPC-1) gene expression in rat fed a high-fat diet. Methods: 40 male Wistar rats aged 8-12 weeks, were fed a Normal Diet (ND) (n=8) or HFD (n=32) for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, rats were divided into 5 groups: ND, HFD, High-Fat Diet-Training (HFDT), High-Fat Diet-Capsaicin (HFDCap), high-fat diet-training-capsaicin (HFDTCap). Training groups have performed a progressive aerobic running program on a motor-driven treadmill for eight weeks. Capsaicin (4 mg/kg/day) were administered orally, by gavage, once a day. PGC-1α and UCP-1 gene expression levels in the VAT were measured by Real-time PCR method. Results: The results of this study showed that PGC-1α and UCP-expression was decreased in HFD group compared to ND group. Also, the expression of PGC-1α and UPC-1 in HFDT, HFDCap and HFDTCap groups was significantly increased compared to HFD. The expression of PGC-1α and UPC-1 in HFDTCap was also significantly increased compared to HFDT and HFDCap groups. Conclusion: Possibly, eight weeks of progressive training combined with capsaicin administration has an effect on the browning of visceral adipose tissue in HFD rats by increasing expression of PGC-1α and UCP-1.

scholarly journals The Antiobesity Effect ofPolygonum aviculareL. Ethanol Extract in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoon-Young Sung ◽  
Taesook Yoon ◽  
Won-Kyung Yang ◽  
Seung Ju Kim ◽  
Dong-Seon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor

The antiobesity effects of aP. aviculareethanol extract (PAE) in high-fat diet- (HFD-) induced obese mice were investigated. The mice were fed an HFD or an HFD supplemented with PAE (400 mg/kg/day) for 6.5 weeks. The increased body weights, adipose tissue weight, and adipocyte area as well as serum total triglyceride, leptin, and malondialdehyde concentrations were decreased in PAE-treated HFD-induced obese mice relative to the same measurements in untreated obese mice. Furthermore, PAE significantly suppressed the elevated mRNA expression levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ, fatty acid synthase, and adipocyte protein 2 in the white adipose tissue of obese mice. In addition, PAE treatment of 3T3-L1 cells inhibited adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that PAE exerts antiobesity effects in HFD-induced obese mice through the suppression of lipogenesis in adipose tissue and increased antioxidant activity.

A novel PPARα agonist ameliorates insulin resistance in dogs fed a high-fat diet

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (5) ◽  
pp. E833-E840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaki Tsunoda ◽  
Naoki Kobayashi ◽  
Tomohiro Ide ◽  
Mari Utsumi ◽  
Michiaki Nagasawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Lipid Abnormalities ◽  
Subtype Selective ◽  
Pparα Agonist

Agonism of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α, a key regulator of lipid metabolism, leads to amelioration of lipid abnormalities in dyslipidemic patients. However, whether PPARα agonism is an effective form of therapy for obesity-related insulin resistance associated with lipid abnormalities is unclear. The present study investigated the effects of a potent and subtype-selective PPARα agonist, KRP-101, in a nonrodent insulin-resistant animal model under pair-fed conditions. Beagle dogs were fed a high-fat diet for 24 wk to induce insulin resistance. During the final 12 wk, 0.03 mg·kg−1·day−1 KRP-101 ( n = 5) or vehicle ( n = 5) was administered orally once a day. KRP-101 administration resulted in a significantly lower weight of overall visceral fat, which is associated with increased adiponectin and decreased leptin in serum. KRP-101 administration improved hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia as well as dyslipidemia in dogs fed a high-fat diet. Oral glucose tolerance test showed that KRP-101 administration improved glucose intolerance. The KRP-101 group showed a markedly lower hepatic triglyceride concentration. Lipid oxidation was increased in the liver and skeletal muscles of the KRP-101 group. These findings in the dog model suggest that the use of potent and subtype-selective PPARα agonists as a potentially relevant therapeutic approach to treat human insulin resistance associated with visceral obesity.

scholarly journals A Standardized Aframomum melegueta Seed Extract Regulates Browning of White Adipose Tissue in High-Fat Diet Model Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2110337
Author(s):  
Heggar Venkataramana Sudeep ◽  
Illuri Ramanaiah ◽  
Raj Amritha ◽  
Puttaswamy Naveen ◽  
Kuluvar Gouthamchandra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Bat Activity ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Beige Adipocytes

Thermogenesis-mediated energy expenditure is a promising strategy to combat obesity. Aframomum melegueta commonly known as grains of paradise (GP) is a popular spice with medicinal attributes in promoting health. We have demonstrated the thermogenic effects of a standardized A melegueta seed extract (AMSE) containing not <10% 6-paradol in high fat diet-fed (HFD) mice. The 6-week oral ingestion of 20 and 40 mg/kg AMSE significantly limited the weight gain, improved the brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity in HFD mice. Interestingly, AMSE markedly induced the beige adipocytes in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT). AMSE treatment led to the upregulation of marker proteins i.e., uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma-coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in eWAT and BAT. Our findings add to the current understanding of the thermogenic potentials of GP seed extract and report that the extract can stimulate the browning of WATs in addition to enhanced BAT activity. AMSE requires clinical validation to be explored as a dietary supplement/functional ingredient with thermogenic effect in food and beverages.

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