scholarly journals Effects of Age and Sex on Postprandial Glucose Metabolism: Differences in Glucose Turnover, Insulin Secretion, Insulin Action, and Hepatic Insulin Extraction

Diabetes ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 2001-2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Basu ◽  
C. Dalla Man ◽  
M. Campioni ◽  
A. Basu ◽  
G. Klee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Glucose Turnover ◽  
Hepatic Insulin Extraction ◽  
Age And Sex

scholarly journals Effects of Type 2 Diabetes on Insulin Secretion, Insulin Action, Glucose Effectiveness, and Postprandial Glucose Metabolism

Diabetes Care ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 866-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Basu ◽  
C. Dalla Man ◽  
R. Basu ◽  
G. Toffolo ◽  
C. Cobelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Glucose Effectiveness

scholarly journals Two Years of Treatment With Dehydroepiandrosterone Does Not Improve Insulin Secretion, Insulin Action, or Postprandial Glucose Turnover in Elderly Men or Women

Diabetes ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 753-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Basu ◽  
C. Dalla Man ◽  
M. Campioni ◽  
A. Basu ◽  
K. S. Nair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Glucose Turnover ◽  
Elderly Men

scholarly journals Effects of supplemental chromium and heat exposure on glucose metabolism and insulin action in sheep

2000 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. SANO ◽  
S. KONNO ◽  
A. SHIGA
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Infusion Rate ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Glucose Infusion ◽  
Glucose Infusion Rate ◽  
Isotope Dilution Method ◽  
Glucose Turnover ◽  
Dilution Method

An isotope dilution method using [U-13C]glucose and a glucose clamp approach were applied to determine the effects of supplemental chromium (Cr) and heat exposure on blood glucose metabolism and tissue responsiveness and sensitivity to insulin in sheep. The sheep consumed diets with either 0 or 1 mg of Cr/kg (Control and +Cr diet, respectively) from high-Cr-yeast, and were exposed from a thermoneutral environment (20 °C) to a hot environment (30 °C) for 5 days. Blood glucose turnover rate did not differ between the diets, and was lower (P < 0·05) during heat exposure than in the thermoneutral environment. The maximal glucose infusion rate (tissue responsiveness to insulin) tended to be lower (P = 0·06) for the +Cr diet than for the Control diet, but did not change with heat exposure. The plasma insulin concentration at half maximal glucose infusion rate (tissue sensitivity to insulin) did not differ between the diets, and was greater (P < 0·05) during heat exposure than in the thermoneutral environment. No significant diet × environment interactions were observed. There was no significant evidence that Cr supplementation moderated heat stress in sheep from the measures of blood glucose metabolism and insulin action.

scholarly journals New Aspects of Cellular Cholesterol Regulation on Blood Glucose Control—Review and Perspective on the Impact of Statin Medications on Metabolic Health

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Brian A Grice ◽  
Jeffrey S Elmendorf ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cells ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Cellular Cholesterol ◽  
The Impact

Cholesterol is an essential component of cell membranes, and during the past several years, diabetes researchers have found that membrane cholesterol levels in adipocytes, skeletal muscle fibers and pancreatic beta cells influence insulin action and insulin secretion. Consequently, it is thought that dysregulated cell cholesterol homeostasis could represent a determinant of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Recent clinical findings compellingly add to this notion by finding increased T2D susceptibility in individuals with alterations in a variety of cholesterol metabolism genes. While it remains imperfectly understood how statins influence glucose metabolism, the fact that they display an influence on blood glucose levels and diabetes susceptibility seems to intensify the emerging importance of understanding cellular cholesterol in glucose metabolism. Taking this into account, this review first presents cell system and animal model findings that demonstrate the negative impact of cellular cholesterol accumulation or diminution on insulin action and insulin secretion. With this framework, a description of how changes in cholesterol metabolism genes are associated with T2D susceptibility will be presented. In addition, the connection between statins and T2D risk will be reviewed with expanded information on pitavastatin, a newer statin medication that displays actions favoring metabolic health.

scholarly journals Influence of dietary fat on postprandial glucose metabolism (exogenous and endogenous) using intrinsically 13C-enriched durum wheat

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Normand ◽  
Yadh Khalfallah ◽  
Corinne Louche-Pelissier ◽  
Christiane Pachiaudi ◽  
Jean-Michel Antoine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Endogenous Glucose Production ◽  
Glucose Turnover ◽  
Exogenous Glucose ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Secondary Recovery ◽  
Total Glucose

The present study evaluates the influence of different amounts of fat added to starch on postprandial glucose metabolism (exogenous and endogenous). Nine women (24 (SE 2) YEARS OLD, BMI 20·4 (se 0·7) kg/m2) ingested 1 week apart 75 g glucose equivalent of 13C-labelled starch in the form of pasta without (low fat; LF) or with 15 (medium fat; MF) or 40 (high fat; HF) g sunflower oil. During the 7 h following meal consumption, plasma glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, triacylglycerols (TG) and insulin concentrations, and endogenous (using [6,6-2H2]glucose) and exogenous glucose turnover were determined. With MF and HF meals, a lower postprandial glucose peak was observed, but with a secondary recovery. A decrease in exogenous glucose appearance explained lower glycaemia in HF. At 4 h after the HF meal the insulin, insulin:glucose and postprandial blood TG were higher than those measured after the LF and MF meals. Despite higher insulinaemia, total glucose disappearance was similar and endogenous glucose production was suppressed less than after the LF and MF meals, suggesting insulin resistance. Thus, the addition of a large amount of fat appears to be unfavourable to glucose metabolism because it leads to a feature of insulin resistance. On the contrary, the MF meal did not have these adverse effects, but it was able to decrease the initial glycaemic peak.

scholarly journals Exercise effects on postprandial glucose metabolism in type 1 diabetes: a triple-tracer approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 308 (12) ◽  
pp. E1106-E1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashwini Mallad ◽  
Ling Hinshaw ◽  
Michele Schiavon ◽  
Chiara Dalla Man ◽  
Vikash Dadlani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Insulin Pump ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Insulin Pump Therapy ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Glucose Turnover ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Pump Therapy

To determine the effects of exercise on postprandial glucose metabolism and insulin action in type 1 diabetes (T1D), we applied the triple tracer technique to study 16 T1D subjects on insulin pump therapy before, during, and after 75 min of moderate-intensity exercise (50% V̇o2max) that started 120 min after a mixed meal containing 75 g of labeled glucose. Prandial insulin bolus was administered as per each subject's customary insulin/carbohydrate ratio adjusted for meal time meter glucose and the level of physical activity. Basal insulin infusion rates were not altered. There were no episodes of hypoglycemia during the study. Plasma dopamine and norepinephrine concentrations rose during exercise. During exercise, rates of endogenous glucose production rose rapidly to baseline levels despite high circulating insulin and glucose concentrations. Interestingly, plasma insulin concentrations increased during exercise despite no changes in insulin pump infusion rates, implying increased mobilization of insulin from subcutaneous depots. Glucagon concentrations rose before and during exercise. Therapeutic approaches for T1D management during exercise will need to account for its effects on glucose turnover, insulin mobilization, glucagon, and sympathetic response and possibly other blood-borne feedback and afferent reflex mechanisms to improve both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia.

scholarly journals Effects of tibolone and cyclic hormone replacement therapy on glucose metabolism in non-diabetic obese postmenopausal women: a randomized study

2004 ◽  
pp. 705-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
LC Morin-Papunen ◽  
I Vauhkonen ◽  
A Ruokonen ◽  
JS Tapanainen ◽  
T Raudaskoski
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Hepatic Insulin Extraction

OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: To study the effects of hormone replacement therapy on glucose metabolism, 31 obese (body mass index > or =27 kg/m(2)) postmenopausal women were randomized to treatment with tibolone (2.5 mg once daily; TIB; n=16) or to oestradiol valerate (2 mg daily)-dydrogesterone (20 mg daily for 2 weeks every 3 months; ED; n=15) for 12 months. Oral (OGTTs) and intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTTs) and a euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp were performed before and at 6 and 12 months of treatment. RESULTS: TIB decreased the rates of whole body glucose uptake (WBGU) at 6 (P=0.04) and 12 months (P<0.001), but it did not have a significant effect on glucose tolerance. In OGTTs, serum insulin and C-peptide concentrations 2 h after the oral glucose load were increased (P<0.001 and P=0.05 respectively) at 12 months of treatment with TIB, but no changes in the areas under the curve (AUC) of insulin or C-peptide were observed. Furthermore, TIB did not have a significant effect on insulin secretion, the metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of insulin or hepatic insulin extraction. Treatment with ED did not modify the rates of WBGU, but it increased the MCR of insulin (P=0.017) and hepatic insulin extraction (P<0.001) and tended to decrease the insulin AUC (P=0.07). Moreover, glucose tolerance slightly deteriorated during this treatment (P=0.02). Although early phase insulin secretion evaluated by the serum C-peptide response at 30 min in the OGTT increased (P=0.046), the first-phase insulin response during the IVGTT decreased (P=0.05) during ED treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the impairment in peripheral insulin sensitivity, TIB treatment had a neutral effect on glucose tolerance, possibly due to a compensatory decrease in endogenous glucose production. The increased demand on insulin induced by ED, due to both a stimulatory effect on pancreatic beta cells and increased insulin metabolism, may explain the slightly detrimental effect on glucose tolerance with this treatment.

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