scholarly journals Studies on Structures and Dynamic Properties of Peroxide-Crosslinked EPDMs, Part 3:Changes in Molecular Mobility and Crosslinking Density Caused by Carbon Black

2003 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 429-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitoshi IWABUKI ◽  
Kazuya NAGATA ◽  
Toru NOGUCHI ◽  
Eisuke YAMADA
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Molecular Mobility ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Crosslinking Density

High Frequency Viscoelasticity of Carbon Black Filled Compounds

1996 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 786-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gerspacher ◽  
C. P. O'Farrell ◽  
L. Nikiel ◽  
H. H. Yang ◽  
F. Le Méhauté
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Shear Waves ◽  
Crosslinking Density ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Wave Measurements ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Longitudinal And Shear Waves ◽  
Laboratory Tool

Abstract A high frequency viscoelasticity spectrometer, using the state-of-the-art ultrasonic technology, was constructed. The longitudinal and shear waves characteristics were measured in rubber compounds to obtain the attenuation coefficient, α, and sound velocity, v Preliminary results were obtained for a number of filled and unfilled polymers. The grade of carbon black used, filler loading, crosslinking density and filler dispersion were varied during the study. Temperature sweepS from −100°C to +60°C were also studied. It was found that the polymer type had a greater influence on α and v than did the grade of carbon black, loading or dispersion. The experimental data show that shear waves do not propagate in the rubbery state. Above the glass transition temperature, Tg, the longitudinal wave measurements could be sufficient to determine the high frequency dynamic properties of filled and unfilled polymers to characterize a tire tread compound. The temperature sweep measurements allowed the determination of the Tg of polymers at high frequency. It is proposed that the described method of measuring α and v be used as a laboratory tool for potential tire traction prediction.

The Effect of Compositional and Testing Variations on the Dynamic Properties of Compounds Based on Styrene-Butadiene and Polybutadiene Elastomers

1971 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 258-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Meyer ◽  
J. G. Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Storage Modulus ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Dynamic Stiffness ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Complex Dynamic ◽  
Spring Rate ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Black Level

Abstract Important factors of potential use for manipulating static and dynamic stiffness and the damping characteristics of compounds based on styrene-butadiene and polybutadiene elastomers and their blends have been outlined. Their characteristics have been compared with those of IIR and EPDM compounds. The effects of variations in composition are quantitatively defined to assist the compounder in combining these effects in a manner that will lead to a desired combination of properties. In addition to the expected increase in static spring rate and dynamic spring rate with carbon black level, the following responses to compositional variations were found important: 1. The complex dynamic spring rate is more sharply dependent upon carbon black level than the static spring rate. 2. The complex dynamic spring rate is essentially independent of the level of crosslinking while static spring rate increases. 3. Damping coefficient is directly proportional to the level of carbon black and inversely proportional to the level of crosslinking. 4. Styrene level in a polymer blend and plasticizer composition can be used to adjust loss modulus and storage modulus at a given temperature and also to modify the rate of change of these properties with temperature. 5. The strain dependency of storage modulus was found in one instance to vary with the elastomer composition. The IIR vulcanizate, when formulated to the same static modulus, exhibited a larger strain dependence than the SBR, BR, and EPDM composition.

Effects of tension fatigue on the structure and properties of carbon black filled-SBR and SBR/TPI blends

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Liu Yang ◽  
Kaikai Liu ◽  
Zijun Gu ◽  
Aihua Du
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Tan Δ ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The aim of this study was to explore the impact of tension fatigue on the structure and properties of filled SBR and SBR/TPI blends. The effect of tension fatigue on the dynamic properties of carbon black-filled styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and SBR/trans-1,4-polyisoprene (SBR/TPI) blend vulcanizates were investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The Mooney-Rivlin analysis of tensile stress-strain data is used for the determination of a rubber network crosslink density. The fatigue fracture surface of SBR/TPI vulcanizates was observed with a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The crystallinity of TPI in carbon black-filled SBR/TPI (80/20) was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the incorporation of TPI into SBR vulcanizates influences the fatigue properties of the blend vulcanizates. The blend vulcanizates showed optimum fatigue properties with 20 phr TPI. With increasing fatigue cycles, the tensile properties and crosslink density of SBR vulcanizates were decreased substantially. Compared with that of SBR vulcanizates, the tensile properties and crosslink density of SBR/TPI (80/20) blend vulcanizates changed little with the increase in fatigue cycles, and tan δ and E′ decreased gradually with the fatigue cycles. There was a sharp decrease in the E′ and tan δ curve in the temperature range of 40 ~ 60°C. The XRD diffraction peak corresponding to 3.9 Å broadened when the fatigue cycles were increased to 1 million times, and a new peak with inter-planar spacing at 7.6 and 4.7 Å appeared.

Influence of Chemical Structure on the Dynamic Properties of Sulfur-Vulcanized, Carbon Black-Reinforced Natural Rubber

1972 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 1051-1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Doyle ◽  
R. E. Humphreys ◽  
R. M. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Thermal Aging ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Rubber Vulcanizate ◽  
Operating Temperatures

Abstract A comparison is made of the composition and properties of the different rubber vulcanizate networks obtained by varying the ratio of sulfur to sulfenamide accelerator and by the thermal aging of vulcanizates containing predominantly polysulfide crosslinks. It is concluded that the changes in network structure which can take place, for example, during the service life of natural rubber tires are not the direct cause of failures of the type associated with rubber fatigue at high temperatures. However, a reduction in the total number of crosslinks can accelerate failure by increasing the amount of heat generated during flexing. More stable networks giving improved resistance to fatigue at high operating temperatures are obtained by the use of higher ratios of accelerator to sulfur than are conventionally employed.

scholarly journals Silica-Reinforced Natural Rubber: Synergistic Effects by Addition of Small Amounts of Secondary Fillers to Silica-Reinforced Natural Rubber Tire Tread Compounds

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sattayanurak ◽  
J. W. M. Noordermeer ◽  
K. Sahakaro ◽  
W. Kaewsakul ◽  
W. K. Dierkes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Coupling Reaction ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Pure Silica ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Wet Grip

Modern fuel-saving tire treads are commonly reinforced by silica due to the fact that this leads to lower rolling resistance and higher wet grip compared to carbon black-filled alternatives. The introduction of secondary fillers into the silica-reinforced tread compounds, often named hybrid fillers, may have the potential to improve tire performance further. In the present work, two secondary fillers organoclay nanofiller and N134 carbon black were added to silica-based natural rubber compounds at a proportion of silica/secondary filler of 45/10 phr. The compounds were prepared with variable mixing temperatures based on the mixing procedure commonly in use for silica-filled NR systems. The results of Mooney viscosity, Payne effect, cure behavior, and mechanical properties imply that the silica hydrophobation and coupling reaction of the silane coupling agent with silica and elastomer are significantly influenced by organoclay due to an effect of its modifier: an organic ammonium derivative. This has an effect on scorch safety and cure rate. The compounds where carbon black was added as a secondary filler do not show this behavior. They give inferior filler dispersion compared to the pure silica-filled compound, attributed to an inappropriate high mixing temperature and the high specific surface area of the carbon black used. The dynamic properties indicate that there is a potential to improve wet traction and rolling resistance of a tire tread when using organoclay as secondary filler, while the combination of carbon black in silica-filled NR does not change these properties.

Effect of Dispersion on Dynamic Properties of Filler-Loaded Rubbers

1966 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Payne
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Phase Angle ◽  
Dynamic Viscosity ◽  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Mixing Time

Abstract Increased time of mixing carbon black-rubber vulcanizates reduces dynamic modulus and dynamic viscosity as well as phase angle at moderate amplitudes of oscillation. Changes in dynamic properties with mixing time are shown to be associated with dispersion of carbon black.

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