scholarly journals Effect of Electron Beam Irradiation on Bending Strength of Alkali-Free Silica Glass

2008 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 892-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisuke Takata ◽  
Keisuke Iwata ◽  
Yoshio Tyler ◽  
Akira Tonegawa ◽  
Yoshitake Nishi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Silica Glass ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Beam Irradiation ◽  
Free Silica

scholarly journals Ultra-thin sheet of silica glass reinforced by electron beam irradiation

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
Naoki YAMAGUCHI ◽  
Yoshitake NISHI ◽  
Kazuya OGURI ◽  
Akira TONEGAWA
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Silica Glass ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Thin Sheet ◽  
Beam Irradiation

A new strengthening process of thermoplastic polypropylene reinforced by interlayered activated sizing film-free carbon fiber treated by electron beam irradiation under oxygen-rich nitrogen gas prior to assembly and hot-press

2021 ◽  
pp. 002199832110039
Author(s):  
Shodai Kitagawa ◽  
Hideki Kimura ◽  
Helmut T Uchida ◽  
Michael C Faudree ◽  
Satoru Kaneko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Strength Increase ◽  
Sample Length ◽  
Hot Press ◽  
Beam Irradiation ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Covalent Bonds

A new process of activating sizing film free (removed sizing) carbon fiber (SFF-CF) mats directly with electron beam irradiation (EBI) under oxygen-rich nitrogen gas prior to lamination assembly and hot-press was found to increase bending strength of CFRTP (CF reinforced thermoplastic polypropylene (PP)) interlayered composite composed of 3 SFF-CF mats between 4 PP sheets, [PP]4[SFF-CF]3. The hot-press fabrication was performed under 4.0 MPa at 473 K for 1 min. Experimental results showed optimal condition of 0.22 MGy-EBI under 2,000 ppm-O2-rich, protective N2 atmosphere improved bending strength, σb at all accumulative probabilities, Pf over that of untreated. This could be explained by maximum number of the strong covalent bonds of CF:C:C:PP and oxygen assisted CF:C:O:C:PP bonds adhering bare SFF-CF surface to PP, instead of the weak intermolecular bonding of CF(H2O, N2, O2)PP of untreated. The optimal concentration of O2 molecules together with the EBI probably purified the SFF-CF surface simultaneously generating dangling bonds, which already naturally exist in SFF-CF as evidenced by the highest intensity ESR peak whose inflection point was at B = 323 mT. This, along with attaching O groups to the SFF-CF surface can explain the increased SFF-CF to PP adhesion sites and bending strength increase. Fracture analysis showed the optimum condition prevented ply delamination and reduced damage area along sample length appearing to increase cohesion between the difficult to adhere thermoplastic PP and SFF-CF plies to take on higher loads. Although bending strength was increased, carefulness is always highly recommended when investigating unsized CF composites.

Methods to Monitor and Improve the Performance of Specimen Holders for Transmission Electron Cryomicroscopy

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
B. L. Armbruster ◽  
B. Kraus ◽  
M. Pan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Beam Irradiation ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Electron Cryomicroscopy ◽  
Thermal Equilibration ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Electron Microscopes

One goal in electron microscopy of biological specimens is to improve the quality of data to equal the resolution capabilities of modem transmission electron microscopes. Radiation damage and beam- induced movement caused by charging of the sample, low image contrast at high resolution, and sensitivity to external vibration and drift in side entry specimen holders limit the effective resolution one can achieve. Several methods have been developed to address these limitations: cryomethods are widely employed to preserve and stabilize specimens against some of the adverse effects of the vacuum and electron beam irradiation, spot-scan imaging reduces charging and associated beam-induced movement, and energy-filtered imaging removes the “fog” caused by inelastic scattering of electrons which is particularly pronounced in thick specimens.Although most cryoholders can easily achieve a 3.4Å resolution specification, information perpendicular to the goniometer axis may be degraded due to vibration. Absolute drift after mechanical and thermal equilibration as well as drift after movement of a holder may cause loss of resolution in any direction.

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