scholarly journals Pain Experience during Initial Alignment with a Self-Ligating and a Conventional Fixed Orthodontic Appliance System

2009 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Fleming ◽  
A. T. DiBiase ◽  
G. Sarri ◽  
R. T. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Random Allocation ◽  
Distributed Data ◽  
Initial Alignment ◽  
Pain Experience ◽  
Subjective Pain ◽  
Initial Placement ◽  
P 756 ◽  
Pain Experiences ◽  
Orthodontic Archwires

Abstract Objectives: To test the hypotheses that (1) there is no difference in the pain experience during the week following initial placement of two orthodontic appliances (SmartClip™ and Victory™; 3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif); and (2) there is no difference in the pain experience during removal and insertion of orthodontic archwires with these brackets. Materials and Methods: Sixty-six consecutive patients were treated with a self-ligating bracket system (SmartClip™) or a conventional appliance (Victory™) on the basis of computer-generated random allocation. After appliance placement and engagement of a 0.016″ nickel-titanium archwire, pain experience was recorded after 4, 24, and 72 hours and after 7 days with the use of a visual analog system (VAS) questionnaire. At a subsequent visit, participants documented pain experiences during removal and insertion of 0.019 × 0.025″ archwires on an additional 100 mm VAS questionnaire. Independent t-tests and analyses of covariance were used to analyze normally distributed data; the Mann-Whitney U-test was used for skewed distributions. Results: Forty-eight (72.2%) and fifty-one (77.3%) subjects completed the first and second parts of the study, respectively. Bracket type had no influence on pain experience at 4 hours (P = .958), 24 hours (P = .289), 72 hours (P = .569), and 7 days (P = .756) following appliance placement. However, bracket type significantly influenced pain experience during archwire removal (P = .001) and insertion (P = .013). Conclusions: Hypothesis 1 cannot be rejected. The bracket type had no effect on subjective pain experience during the first week after initial placement of two preadjusted orthodontic appliances. Hypothesis 2 was rejected. Significantly greater discomfort was experienced during archwire insertion and removal with the SmartClip™ appliance.

scholarly journals Saliva Leptin Levels in Tooth Movement during Initial Stage of Orthodontic Alignment: A Pilot Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Noraini Abu Bakar ◽  
Wisam Kamil ◽  
Lina Al Bayati ◽  
Basma Ezzat Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Mechanical Stress ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Initial Alignment ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Before And After

Introduction: During orthodontic tooth movement, the early response of periodontal tissues to mechanical stress is an acute inflammatory reaction. Mechanical stress from orthodontic appliances is believed to induce cells in the periodontal ligament (PDL) to form biologically active substances, such as enzymes and cytokines, responsible for connective tissue remodeling (Nishijima Y et al 2006). Leptin, a polypeptide hormone has been classified as a cytokine (Zhang et al 1994). Earlier findings concluded that leptin at high local concentrations protects the host from inflammation and infection as well as maintaining bone levels. It has been also suggested that leptin plays a significant role in bone formation by its direct effect on osteoblasts (Alparslan et al 2010). This pilot study aimed to study leptin in saliva and its association with tooth movement during initial orthodontic alignment. Objectives: To determine if there are any differences in saliva leptin level before and after orthodontic alignment. Material and methods: Ten orthodontic patients (7 girls and 3 boys; mean age, 16.76 ± 1.1 years) with crowding (up to 5mm) that required orthodontic fixed appliances, on a non-extraction basis as part of the treatment plan, were recruited in this longitudinal study. Orthodontic study models were constructed at baseline and at 6- weeks after orthodontic treatment commenced. Full fixed orthodontic appliances with initial 0.014” Nickel Titanium archwire placed. The amount of crowding was measured, before and after initial alignment with an electronic digital caliper (Max-Cal, Japan Micrometer Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) with an accuracy of up to 0.01mm. Unstimulated morning saliva sample were collected at all visits, after at least an 8-hour period of fasting and no-toothbrushing. After centrifugation (4000x g;10min), the samples were stored at -25C and tested using Leptin Abnova LEP Human ELISA kit (KA3080) which was subsequently analyzed. Subjects’ periodontal health status was also monitored throughout the study. Ethical approval (ID IREC 262) was received on 7th April 2014 from International Islamic University Malaysia Research Ethics Committee (IREC). Results: Leptin concentration in saliva was significantly decreased in a time-dependant manner (t(9)=8.60, p<0.001), from before orthodontic treatment (7016.45± 425.15 pg/mL) and 6 weeks after bond-up (4901.92±  238.64 pg/mL). Conclusion: Leptin concentration in saliva is decreased during orthodontic tooth movement in initial alignment stage.

scholarly journals A clinical comparison of three aligning archwires in terms of alignment efficiency: A prospective clinical trial

2014 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reem Sh. Abdelrahman ◽  
Kazem S. Al-Nimri ◽  
Emad F. Al Maaitah
Keyword(s):  
Nonparametric Test ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Initial Alignment ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Fixed Appliance ◽  
Irregularity Index ◽  
Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Wilks Lambda ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT Objectives:  To clinically evaluate the effectiveness of three orthodontic aligning archwires in relation to tooth alignment speed during the initial alignment stage of treatment. Materials and Methods:  A consecutive sample of 74 patients requiring lower only or upper and lower fixed orthodontic appliances were randomly allocated into three different archwires (0.014-inch superelastic nickel-titanium [NiTi], 0.014-inch thermoelastic NiTi, or 0.014-inch conventional NiTi). Good quality impressions were taken of the lower arch before archwire placement (T0) and at designated serial stages of alignment (every 2 weeks: T2, T4, T6, …, T16). The change in tooth alignment was measured in millimeters from the resultant casts using Little's irregularity index. Demographic and clinical differences among the three groups were compared with the chi-square or analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. The difference in the change of lower anterior tooth alignment over time among the three groups was explored with a Split Plot ANOVA (SPANOVA, or within- and between-groups ANOVA). The Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test was used when data were not normally distributed. Results:  The SPANOVA and Wilks Lambda Multivariate test confirmed that the wire type had no influence on the rate of change in alignment (P  =  .98). Conclusion:  The three forms of NiTi wires were similar in terms of their alignment efficiency during the initial aligning stage of orthodontic fixed appliance therapy.

scholarly journals Effect of text message follow-up on patient's self-reported level of pain and anxiety

2012 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Keith ◽  
Daniel J. Rinchuse ◽  
Meghan Kennedy ◽  
Thomas Zullo
Keyword(s):  
Text Message ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Patient Anxiety ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Initial Appointment ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
Initial Placement ◽  
Time Point

ABSTRACT Objectives: To determine whether a text message reduces the severity of patient self-reported levels of pain and anxiety following initial placement of orthodontic appliances. Materials and Methods: Thirty-nine orthodontic patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups and matched for age, gender, and bracket type (self-ligating vs conventional). The subjects completed baseline questionnaires to ascertain their levels of pain and anxiety before initiating orthodontic treatment. Following the initial appointment, subjects completed the pain questionnaire and anxiety inventory at the same time daily for 1 week. One group received a structured text message showing concern and reassurance, while the second group served as a control and received no postprocedural communication. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in pain in relation to time between the text message group and the control group as it was demonstrated that demonstrated that compared with the text message group, mean pain intensity increased and selfreported discomfort was longer in the control group. Anxiety was determined to be at its peak the day following initial orthodontic appliance placement and gradually tapered off from that time point. No intergroup difference was noted when analyzing anxiety. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that a text message sent from an orthodontic office following initial appliance placement resulted in a lower level of patient's self-reported pain. Additionally, patient anxiety is at its peak the day following the initial appointment and decreases from that point forward.

scholarly journals Constellations of pain: a qualitative study of the complexity of women’s endometriosis-related pain

2020 ◽  
pp. 204946372096141
Author(s):  
Sarah J Drabble ◽  
Jaqui Long ◽  
Blessing Alele ◽  
Alicia O’Cathain
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Encounter ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Pain Experience ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Type Pattern ◽  
Emotional Aspects ◽  
Pain Experiences

Introduction: Prior research into endometriosis-related pain has focused on specific aspects of the pain experience such as cyclical pain, emotional aspects of pain and certain types of pain such as dysmenorrhea and dyspareunia. However, research has paid less attention to the diversity and complexity of women’s pain experiences, which can lead to failure to recognise some symptoms as part of endometriosis and poor symptom management. Methods: We conducted qualitative semi-structured face-to-face interviews with 20 women in the United Kingdom recruited from an endometriosis self-help group with a diagnosis of endometriosis via laparoscopy. A topic guide framed questions around experiences of pain. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Results: Women experienced multiple types of pain that they felt were caused by endometriosis and affected many different parts of the body including bowel, bladder, lungs, kidneys, nerves, upper body, lower limbs and head. These pains consisted of different conceptual categories: type, pattern and intensity. These categories came together to create a complex, interrelated experience for each individual that we termed ‘constellations of pain’ because each woman had a complex set of pain categories and no two individuals appeared to have the same pain experience. Conclusion: The complexity and diversity of endometriosis-related pain found in this study has implications for improving diagnosis, medical and non-medical pain management and improving the clinical encounter between women and healthcare professionals.

scholarly journals A prospective randomized split-mouth study on pain experience during chairside archwire manipulation in self-ligating and conventional brackets

2012 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. Bertl ◽  
Kanji Onodera ◽  
Aleš G. Čelar
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Satisfaction ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Numeric Rating Scale ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Pain Experience ◽  
Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Conventional Brackets ◽  
Engagement And Disengagement ◽  
Numeric Rating

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate patient discomfort during archwire engagement and disengagement in patients treated with self-ligating and conventional brackets using a split-mouth design. Materials and Methods: Eighteen consecutive patients (15 female, 3 male; age: 22.2 ± 6.4 years) who requested treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances were randomly assigned for bonding with SmartClip self-ligating brackets on one side of the dentition and conventional standard edgewise brackets on the other. During the course of treatment, patients rated the discomfort experienced during every archwire engagement and disengagement using a numeric rating scale. Results were evaluated for round and rectangular nickel titanium and rectangular stainless steel, titanium molybdenum, and Elgiloy archwires. Patients also rated their overall experience retrospectively for both bracket systems. Results: Regardless of archwire type, disengagement was rated as being significantly more painful on the SmartClip side (P  =  .027). For rigid, rectangular archwires, engagement and disengagement were rated as being significantly more painful on the SmartClip side (P  =  .031; P  =  .004). Retrospective ratings favored conventional brackets beyond ratings recorded during treatment. Conclusion: Engagement and disengagement of rigid rectangular archwires caused more pain with SmartClip self-ligating brackets than with conventional ones. Careful archwire manipulation and patience during full alignment are essential for limiting chairside pain. Low pain levels will help ensure treatment satisfaction and compliance.

scholarly journals Second to fourth digits ratio (2D:4D) and subjective pain experience in tattooing

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sławomir Kozieł ◽  
Raja Chakraborty ◽  
Aneta Sitek
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Ventral Surface ◽  
Digit Ratio ◽  
Pain Experience ◽  
Digit Ratios ◽  
Subjective Pain ◽  
Hormonal Exposure ◽  
Right And Left Hands

Abstract This aims of this research are to determine if the 2D:4D digit ratio is related to subjective pain experience during tattooing and to examine gender differences therein. The study involved 43 male and 28 female Polish adults recruited from two tattoo salons in Wroclaw and Leszno in Western Poland. These subjects were asked if they felt pain during their tattooing and answers were recorded as ‘Yes’ or ‘No’. The ventral surface lengths of the second and fourth digits of each hand were measured, and analysis of variance was performed to assess significant differences in the 2D:4D ratios of right and left hands and twohand averages between genders and the Yes/ No groups reporting pain experience. Results revealed that although the digit ratios for females had systematically higher values than those in males, differences were not statistically significant. Both sex and subjective pain feeling were significantly associated with 2D:4D ratio in both hands and their average values, while sex and pain experience were independently associated with digit ratio. Subjects who felt pain during tattooing had a significantly lower digit ratio. In conclusion, the study did not support the hypothesis that the lower masculine 2D:4D ratio is associated with a higher pain threshold. Prenatal sex hormonal exposure generating the gender dimorphic 2D:4D index may not predispose the actual feeling of all kinds of pain; in this instance, not in pain associated with tattooing.

scholarly journals Model of Description of Subjective Pain Experience Based on Autobiographical Memories about It

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 86-100
Author(s):  
A. I. Chuloshnikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Autobiographical Memories ◽  
Pain Experience ◽  
Systematic Description ◽  
Subjective Pain ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Subjective Phenomenon

The paper examines a systematic description of pain as a subjective phenomenon, and suggests the model to describe this experience in a full and systematic manner. Methodological problems of present day researches of pain related to fixation on subjective phenomenology have been articulated. A possible set of phenomenological parameters of pain has been suggested on the basis of findings of empirical studies making grounds for theoretical basis for description of a subjective perception of pain. The content of autobiographical memories about pain has been proposed to be used as a methodological approach enabling to study subjective nature of pain experience. On the basis of stories about pain handled with the help of content analysis a model of systematic description of pain is composed based on a theoretical model of a systematic description of psyche by V. A. Ganzen.

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