Body Dysmorphic Disorder

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Lochner ◽  
Dan Stein ◽  
Eileen Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Significant Impairment ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Underlying Pathophysiology ◽  
Insight Into

Body dysmorphic disorder requires obsessional thoughts regarding a perceived defect in appearance and/or compulsive behavior that develop in response to those thoughts. Individuals experience clinically significant impairment because of their appearance concerns. Body dysmorphic disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder have many similarities, including phenomenologic features, comorbidities, and underlying pathophysiology. Insight into the excessiveness or irrationality of their beliefs varies from good to delusional. Many individuals with body dysmorphic disorder present with comorbid suicidal ideation and substance use disorders. This review contains 1 table, and 30 references. Key words: body dysmorphic disorder, diagnostic and statistical manual, obsessive-compulsive and related disorder

Hoarding Disorder

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Lochner ◽  
Dan Stein ◽  
Eileen Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Hoarding Disorder ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual

Hoarding disorder is characterized by an obsessive need to acquire, collect, or keep possessions and difficulty in organizing and discarding, resulting in accumulation of clutter, which elicits great concern from family and friends. Functioning is usually impaired in a variety of domains. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is the disorder most closely associated with hoarding. Overvalued ideation regarding the value or usefulness of possessions may make it impossible for individuals to discard items. This review contains 1 table, and 22 references. Key words: clutter, diagnostic and statistical manual, etiology, hoarding, obsessive-compulsive and related disorder

Insight in Body Dysmorphic Disorder with and Without Comorbid Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 494-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatella Marazziti ◽  
Daniele Giannotti ◽  
Mario Catena ◽  
Marina Carlini ◽  
Bernardo Dell'Osso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The aim of this study was to compare the level of insight in patients with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) with and without comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and to measure its possible relationships with clinical features.Methods: Thirty outpatients affected by BDD, according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder, Fourth Edition criteria, of whom 18 were also suffering from OCD, were included in the study. Clinical assessment was carried out by means of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale modified for BDD and a specially designed OCD Questionnaire. The level of insight was measured by means of the score at item 11 of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale modified for BDD.Results: The insight resulted to be excellent in four cases, good in four, fair in five, poor in 15 and absent in two. Significant and positive correlations were observed between the level of insight and the following items: resistance to thoughts and to activities as well as to time spent on activities and control on activities related to the defect. The insight was significantly lower in patients affected by both BDD and OCD.Conclusion: The findings indicate that the majority of BDD patients in this study, and especially those with comorbid OCD, have a low degree of insight that is significantly correlated to symptoms specific of the disorder.

Level of Insight and Clinical Features of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder with and Without Body Dysmorphic Disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Gargano Nakata ◽  
Juliana B. Diniz ◽  
Albina R. Torres ◽  
Maria Alice de Mathis ◽  
Victor Fossaluza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
The University

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have several similarities and are included among the obsessive-compulsive spectrum of disorders. However, the content of preoccupations and level of insight of BDD patients differ from OCD patients.Objective: To compare the level of insight regarding obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) and other clinical features in OCD patients with and without comorbid BDD.Methods: We evaluated 103 OCD patients (n=25, comorbid BDD), according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, the University of São Paulo Sensory Phenomena Scale, the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories, and the Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale.Results: The study groups differed significantly on several clinical features, including level of insight. A worse level of insight regarding OCS was independently associated with the presence of comorbid BDD. Lower educational level, more psychiatric comorbidities, presence of somatic and hoarding obsessions, and presence of intrusive images were associated with BDD comorbidity, even after adjusting for possible confounders.Conclusion: The presence of BDD in OCD patients is associated with poorer insight into obsessional beliefs and higher morbidity, reflected by lower educational levels and higher number of psychiatric comorbid disorders in general.

OCD in Women: Diagnosis and Magnitude

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 14-16
Author(s):  
Teresa A. Pigott
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Group ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Lifetime Prevalence Rate ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Area Survey ◽  
The Individual

Key Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) include the presence of either obsessions or compulsions, some recognition by the individual that their symptoms are excessive or irrational (except in children), duration of at least 1 hour/day, and association with marked distress or functional impairment. OCD patients report that somatic, religious, and sexual obsessions as well as those concerning contamination, aggression, symmetry, and hoarding are most common. The most frequent compulsions reported in OCD patients involve checking, cleaning, counting, repeating, and hoarding behaviors. Factor analyses of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) symptom checklist have also identified five primary symptom dimensions: aggression/checking; contamination/cleaning; symmetry/repeating, counting, or ordering rituals; hoarding; and a sexual/religious symptom dimension.Results from a large, 2-year prospective study suggest that symptoms of adult OCD are much more stable than previously thought, with any changes more likely to occur within, rather than between the symptom dimensions. Prevalence estimates based on the Epidemiologic Catchment Area survey and the Cross-National OCD Collaborative Group study indicate a worldwide lifetime prevalence rate for OCD of 2% to 3%. Females have a slightly higher risk (1.5 times) for OCD (Slide I). OCD onset is relatively early, generally during adolescence or young adulthood. The clinical course of OCD is generally chronic and complicated by comorbidities.

Neuroanatomy of Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Mataix-Cols ◽  
Odile A. van den Heuvel
Keyword(s):  
Neural Systems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Affective Neuroscience ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) shares features and often co-occurs with other anxiety disorders, as well as with other psychiatric conditions classified elsewhere in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV), the so-called “OCD spectrum disorders.” Neurobiologically, it is unclear how all these disorders relate to one another. The picture is further complicated by the clinical heterogeneity of OCD. This chapter will review the literature on the common and distinct neural correlates of OCD vis-à-vis other anxiety and “OCD spectrum” disorders. Furthermore, the question of whether partially distinct neural systems subserve the different symptom dimensions of OCD will be examined. Particular attention will be paid to hoarding, which is emerging as a distinct entity from OCD. Finally, new insights from cognitive and affective neuroscience will be reviewed before concluding with a summary and recommendations for future research.

scholarly journals Síndrome de koro associado a transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo: caso clínico e breve revisão

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-139
Author(s):  
Liliana Silva ◽  
Pedro Morgado
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual

RESUMO A síndrome de koro é uma síndrome psiquiátrica ligada à cultura, que se caracteriza por um episódio de ansiedade súbito e intenso relacionado com a crença de que o pênis (nas mulheres, mamilos e grandes lábios) estar a retrair-se para o interior do organismo, podendo conduzir à impotência, esterilidade e, eventualmente, morte. É mais frequente nos países do Sudoeste Asiático e no sexo masculino. No Ocidente é rara, embora existam descrições de koro-like secundárias a perturbações neurológicas, psiquiátricas ou orgânicas. No Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 é classificada como um “Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo e transtornos relacionados com outra especificação”. Este artigo descreve um caso raro de um doente com síndrome de koro secundária a um transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo. Neste artigo, apresenta-se a descrição de um caso clínico e revisão bibliográfica, com base na pesquisa de artigos publicados, desde 2000, no PubMed, com as palavras-chave: “koro syndrome”, “obsessive-compulsive disorder” e “koro-like symptoms”. Analisaram-se alguns artigos anteriores ao ano 2000 para contextualização histórica. Doente com síndrome de koro secundária a transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo, com boa resposta à terapia farmacológica associada à terapia cognitivo-comportamental. O conhecimento desse diagnóstico e da sua gestão clínica é importante para identificar as condições subjacentes e otimizar o tratamento.

Excoriation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Lochner ◽  
Dan Stein ◽  
Eileen Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Medical Complications ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Stimulant Drugs ◽  
Motor Behaviors ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Chronic Disorder ◽  
Excoriation Disorder

Excoriation disorder is characterized by the recurrent, compulsive picking of skin, leading to skin lesions. A growing body of evidence emphasizes its prevalence and possible disabling nature, including medical complications such as localized infections and septicemia. Neurocognitive data support the idea that individuals with this disorder have difficulty inhibiting motor behaviors. Excoriation disorder is often considered a chronic disorder, fluctuating in intensity and severity. Important differentials include the use of stimulant drugs and dermatologic conditions, such as scabies. This review contains 1 table, and 16 references. Key words: diagnostic and statistical manual, excoriation, obsessive-compulsive and related disorder, skin picking

Assessment of Co-occurring Psychiatric Disorders

2019 ◽  
pp. 143-160
Author(s):  
Dennis C. Daley ◽  
Antoine Douaihy
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Concerned Significant Others

Co-occurring disorders (CODs) refers to the occurrence of both a substance use disorder (SUD) and a psychiatric disorder, such as mood disorder, anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia, eating disorder, antisocial personality disorder, and borderline personality disorder. This chapter reviews the prevalence, patterns, and effects of CODs. Next, the relationships between psychiatric disorders and SUDs, challenges for practitioners, and types and causes of psychiatric disorders are discussed. The chapter continues with the process of conducting a comprehensive and thorough assessment using the format of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). The authors also discuss the importance of conveying assessment findings to the client and/or family and concerned significant others, as well as getting the client to accept help.

Prevalence of Psychotic Disorders in Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 415-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lieuwe de Haan ◽  
Christine Dudek-Hodge ◽  
Yolanda Verhoeven ◽  
Damiaan Denys
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Clinical Characteristic

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The co-occurrence of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in patients with schizophrenia and related disorders has been increasingly recognized. However, the rate of psychosis comorbidity in OCD patients has yet to be systematically evaluated.Methods: The prevalence of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition psychotic disorders was evaluated in 757 subjects consecutively referred to a specialised diagnostic and treatment facility for OCD. Demographic and clinical characteristics were assessed.Results: Thirteen OCD patients (1.7%) also met the DSM-IV criteria for a psychotic disorder. We found no significant differences in clinical characteristic between OCD patients with and without a psychotic disorder, although patients with OCD and a psychotic disorder more likely used illicit substances and more likely were male.Conclusion: Relatively few patients referred to a specialized treatment OCD center suffer from a psychotic disorder.

scholarly journals Body Dysmorphic Disorder Insights in an Inpatient Psychiatric Setting

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Zachary A. Koenig ◽  
Sarah Callaham ◽  
Brittany Waltz ◽  
Julie Bosley ◽  
Raja Mogallapu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
The Body ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Setting ◽  
Significant Impairment

Body dysmorphic disorder is a chronic disorder involving imagined or partial appearance defects that lead to significant impairment in everyday life. It is quite prevalent but remains a clinically underdiagnosed psychiatric condition especially in the inpatient psychiatric setting. Onset of body dysmorphic disorder typically begins in adolescence with subclinical symptoms. Over time, symptoms progress to patients meeting the full Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria. Severe cases of the body dysmorphic disorder are often camouflaged by concurrent diseases like major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, substance use disorder, and social anxiety disorder. Further, compounding the complexity of body dysmorphic disorder is a treatment of patients who present with coinciding suicidal ideations. Here, we present a unique case of a 40-year-old female admitted to an inpatient psychiatric unit for treatment of ongoing depression and suicidal symptoms. Early on in her inpatient course, she had symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder, social anxiety disorder, and alcohol use disorder. The constellation of symptoms prompted evaluation for body dysmorphic disorder and subsequent targeted treatment. This case report highlights the complexities associated with diagnosing body dysmorphic disorder, the importance of considering it a branch point for other psychiatric conditions, and the treatment for patients who present with coinciding suicidal behavior.

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