Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (Introduction)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Lochner ◽  
Dan Stein ◽  
Eileen Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Detailed Assessment ◽  
Hallmark Feature

A hallmark feature of OCD is the presence of obsessions and/or compulsions. The subtyping of OCD has been expanded to allow for a detailed assessment of individuals and their disorder, including insight and tic-related specifiers. Although some individuals with OCD rationalize their behaviors as useful, they are time consuming and cause marked distress and/or functional impairment.   This review contains 1 table, and 31 references. Key words: diagnostic and statistical manual, obsessive-compulsive disorder

Hoarding Disorder

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Lochner ◽  
Dan Stein ◽  
Eileen Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Hoarding Disorder ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual

Hoarding disorder is characterized by an obsessive need to acquire, collect, or keep possessions and difficulty in organizing and discarding, resulting in accumulation of clutter, which elicits great concern from family and friends. Functioning is usually impaired in a variety of domains. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is the disorder most closely associated with hoarding. Overvalued ideation regarding the value or usefulness of possessions may make it impossible for individuals to discard items. This review contains 1 table, and 22 references. Key words: clutter, diagnostic and statistical manual, etiology, hoarding, obsessive-compulsive and related disorder

scholarly journals Síndrome de koro associado a transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo: caso clínico e breve revisão

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-139
Author(s):  
Liliana Silva ◽  
Pedro Morgado
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual

RESUMO A síndrome de koro é uma síndrome psiquiátrica ligada à cultura, que se caracteriza por um episódio de ansiedade súbito e intenso relacionado com a crença de que o pênis (nas mulheres, mamilos e grandes lábios) estar a retrair-se para o interior do organismo, podendo conduzir à impotência, esterilidade e, eventualmente, morte. É mais frequente nos países do Sudoeste Asiático e no sexo masculino. No Ocidente é rara, embora existam descrições de koro-like secundárias a perturbações neurológicas, psiquiátricas ou orgânicas. No Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 é classificada como um “Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo e transtornos relacionados com outra especificação”. Este artigo descreve um caso raro de um doente com síndrome de koro secundária a um transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo. Neste artigo, apresenta-se a descrição de um caso clínico e revisão bibliográfica, com base na pesquisa de artigos publicados, desde 2000, no PubMed, com as palavras-chave: “koro syndrome”, “obsessive-compulsive disorder” e “koro-like symptoms”. Analisaram-se alguns artigos anteriores ao ano 2000 para contextualização histórica. Doente com síndrome de koro secundária a transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo, com boa resposta à terapia farmacológica associada à terapia cognitivo-comportamental. O conhecimento desse diagnóstico e da sua gestão clínica é importante para identificar as condições subjacentes e otimizar o tratamento.

Prevalence of Psychotic Disorders in Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 415-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lieuwe de Haan ◽  
Christine Dudek-Hodge ◽  
Yolanda Verhoeven ◽  
Damiaan Denys
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Clinical Characteristic

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The co-occurrence of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in patients with schizophrenia and related disorders has been increasingly recognized. However, the rate of psychosis comorbidity in OCD patients has yet to be systematically evaluated.Methods: The prevalence of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition psychotic disorders was evaluated in 757 subjects consecutively referred to a specialised diagnostic and treatment facility for OCD. Demographic and clinical characteristics were assessed.Results: Thirteen OCD patients (1.7%) also met the DSM-IV criteria for a psychotic disorder. We found no significant differences in clinical characteristic between OCD patients with and without a psychotic disorder, although patients with OCD and a psychotic disorder more likely used illicit substances and more likely were male.Conclusion: Relatively few patients referred to a specialized treatment OCD center suffer from a psychotic disorder.

scholarly journals Nosographic considerations on obsessive-compulsive disorder occurring exclusively during the menstrual phase

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hicham Laaraj ◽  
◽  
Mina Ouhamou ◽  
Omar El Omari ◽  
Jalal Doufik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the menstrual cycle and mood disturbances has been described in the literature and is linked to changes in the secretion of sex hormones. Rare studies have reported the exacerbation of obsessions during menstruation, while no case reports the onset of premenstrual Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Nosographically, obsessive symptoms are not part of premenstrual syndrome, and no specification of the menstrual cycle for obsessive disorders was mentioned in DSM 5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders). We report a 39-year-old patient followed for panic disorder since adolescence, and who currently presents for obsessive symptoms that meet the diagnostic criteria for an obsessive-compulsive disorder, and which have the particularity of occurring exclusively during menstruation. Our case emphasizes the importance of establishing a new nosographic framework that takes into account the development of obsessive-compulsive symptoms related to the menstrual cycle. Keywords: Obsessive-compulsive disorder; menstruation cycle; nosography.

Lamotrigine-induced obsessive-compulsive disorder in patients with bipolar disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (04) ◽  
pp. 390-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verinder Sharma ◽  
Minakshi Doobay
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5

IntroductionLamotrigine is a commonly used drug in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Although there are reports of its effectiveness in the management of bipolar disorder and comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), lamotrigine has also been associated with obsessionality in patients with bipolar disorder.MethodsCharts of 8 patients with bipolar disorder who had de novo onset of obsessions and compulsions after the use of lamotrigine were reviewed. The Naranjo scale was used to assess the likelihood of patients developing OCD due to lamotrigine use.ResultsTwo to 8 months after the initiation of lamotrigine, patients with no such prior history developed obsessions and compulsions meeting the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) diagnostic criteria for medication-induced OCD. In all except 1 patient, the symptoms resolved within a month of lamotrigine discontinuation.ConclusionsSome patients with bipolar disorder may develop OCD after initiation of lamotrigine. Due to the inherent limitations of a case series, the findings should be interpreted with caution.

scholarly journals Functional and Structural Neural Changes in Obsessive-compulsive Disorder after Pharmacotherapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 737-740
Author(s):  
Murad Atmaca
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Present Information ◽  
Drug Treatments

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is an important disorder which is disturbing the quality of life and is characterized by repetitive thoughts and behaviors, now in a different category in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM 5). Neuroimaging investigations are very useful to reveal a neurobiological model of the OCD. Studies conducted in the last quarter century have shown clear results and revealed that specific cortico-subcortical circuits could be involved in the occurrence of OCD symptomatology. These neuroimaging studies pointed out some important findings for OCD patients. Our present information implicates some problems in some cortico-subcortical in the pathophysiology of OCD. In the present paper, final information on the neuroanatomy and neurochemistry of OCD was reviewed, revising the effects of anti-obsessional drugs on the structural and functional neuroimaging studies. As can be seen in the review, drug treatments can generally affect the brain structurally and functionally, suggesting that brain of OCD tends to neuroplasticity. However, it is not clear that these effects of pharmacotherapy are related to anti-obsessional drugs per se or impact on the improvement of the disorder.

Insight in Body Dysmorphic Disorder with and Without Comorbid Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 494-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatella Marazziti ◽  
Daniele Giannotti ◽  
Mario Catena ◽  
Marina Carlini ◽  
Bernardo Dell'Osso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The aim of this study was to compare the level of insight in patients with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) with and without comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and to measure its possible relationships with clinical features.Methods: Thirty outpatients affected by BDD, according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder, Fourth Edition criteria, of whom 18 were also suffering from OCD, were included in the study. Clinical assessment was carried out by means of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale modified for BDD and a specially designed OCD Questionnaire. The level of insight was measured by means of the score at item 11 of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale modified for BDD.Results: The insight resulted to be excellent in four cases, good in four, fair in five, poor in 15 and absent in two. Significant and positive correlations were observed between the level of insight and the following items: resistance to thoughts and to activities as well as to time spent on activities and control on activities related to the defect. The insight was significantly lower in patients affected by both BDD and OCD.Conclusion: The findings indicate that the majority of BDD patients in this study, and especially those with comorbid OCD, have a low degree of insight that is significantly correlated to symptoms specific of the disorder.

Alterations of Responsibility Beliefs Through Cognitive-Behavioural Group Therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadashi Haraguchi ◽  
Eiji Shimizu ◽  
Hiroshi Ogura ◽  
Goro Fukami ◽  
Mihisa Fujisaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group Therapy ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Inflated Responsibility

Background: Inflated responsibility is the main feature of cognitive-behavioural models of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, few studies have examined the effect of cognitive-behavioural group therapy (CBGT) on inflated responsibility. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of CBGT on OCD symptoms and responsibility beliefs. Methods: Thirty-six subjects meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, criteria for OCD were recruited to CBGT, and 28 of them completed 12 sessions. Subjects were assessed using the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), the Responsibility Attitude Scale (RAS), and the Responsibility Interpretations Questionnaire (RIQ) at pre- and post-treatment. Results: Y-BOCS, RAS and RIQ (belief) scores were significantly improved at the end of the treatment. Conclusion: This study indicates that CBGT improves not only obsessive-compulsive symptoms but also inflated responsibility beliefs in patients with OCD.

Level of Insight and Clinical Features of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder with and Without Body Dysmorphic Disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Gargano Nakata ◽  
Juliana B. Diniz ◽  
Albina R. Torres ◽  
Maria Alice de Mathis ◽  
Victor Fossaluza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
The University

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have several similarities and are included among the obsessive-compulsive spectrum of disorders. However, the content of preoccupations and level of insight of BDD patients differ from OCD patients.Objective: To compare the level of insight regarding obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) and other clinical features in OCD patients with and without comorbid BDD.Methods: We evaluated 103 OCD patients (n=25, comorbid BDD), according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, the University of São Paulo Sensory Phenomena Scale, the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories, and the Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale.Results: The study groups differed significantly on several clinical features, including level of insight. A worse level of insight regarding OCS was independently associated with the presence of comorbid BDD. Lower educational level, more psychiatric comorbidities, presence of somatic and hoarding obsessions, and presence of intrusive images were associated with BDD comorbidity, even after adjusting for possible confounders.Conclusion: The presence of BDD in OCD patients is associated with poorer insight into obsessional beliefs and higher morbidity, reflected by lower educational levels and higher number of psychiatric comorbid disorders in general.

scholarly journals The prevalence of autism spectrum traits and autism spectrum disorders in children and adolescents with obsessive compulsive disorder: a systematic review

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S56-S56
Author(s):  
Claire Tiley ◽  
Marinos Kyriakopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Global Functioning ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

AimsAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) commonly co-occur in children and adolescents (C&A); evidence suggests functional impairment is increased in those diagnosed with both disorders. The aims of this systematic review were: 1) To review studies that report on the prevalence of ASD traits and/or diagnosis in C&A with OCD. 2) To review whether the severity of OCD symptoms is related to the severity of ASD traits in C&A with OCD. 3)To review whether the severity of comorbid ASD traits or diagnosis in C&A with OCD impact on their global functioning.MethodThis systematic review was registered in PROSPERO. Prisma guidelines were followed . Electronic searches were carried out on Pubmed, EMBASE and Psychinfo with the use of selected keywords. Inclusion criteria : 1) Participants up to the age of 18 who had an ICD or DSM diagnosis of OCD. 2) Journal articles published in the English, with no date specifications. 3) Papers evaluating ASD diagnosis or traits, or where data on this could be extracted. Exclusion criteria: 1) Papers looking at OCD related disorders such as body dysmorphic disorder, compulsive skin picking, trichotillomania and hoarding disorder. 2) Samples including adults where C&A data could not be extracted. 3) Posters, abstracts and dissertations.ResultA total of 15 studies were included in the systematic review. Seven of these studies directly compared the prevalence of ASD traits (measured by questionnaires) or diagnosis in OCD to a control group or normative data, with all studies reporting a significant elevation in ASD trait scores and diagnosis in OCD. Ten of the studies reported on the correlation between ASD trait severity and OCD severity. Four studies identified a significant correlation between ASD and OCD total scores or specified subscales. In contrast, one study found significantly elevated OCD scores in an OCD only group when compared to a comorbid OCD and ASD group. Three studies reported on the correlation between ASD scores and functional impairment or compared an OCD only group to a comorbid group. All three studies demonstrated that the presence ASD or ASD traits are associated with elevated scores in global functional impairment.ConclusionIn conclusion, this review suggests that there is an increased prevalence of ASD traits and diagnosis amongst C&A with OCD. Elevated ASD traits within this population are associated with a greater impact on global functioning.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document